Mycorrhiza mu zamoyo ndi chiyani?

Mu chikhalidwe, pali zida zambiri zosangalatsa kwambiri kuti kuthandiza zamoyo. Onsewo nyama ndi zomera, bowa, tizilombo ndi ena. Ndi zodabwitsa bwanji kulenga wapadera chilengedwe! Munthu akhoza kungowauzira kukumbukira zosiyanasiyana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, n'zoonekeratu kuti wapadera.

Mmodzi wa zodabwitsa amenewa angatchedwe chidwi kudalirana pakati pa maufumu osiyana - gribokoren - chodabwitsa chimene chimapangitsa moyo mpikisano oopsa kwa zakudya. Kodi gribokoren kapena mycorrhiza? Ife kukuza ili mfundo m'nkhani.

Ufumu M'kupita: makhalidwe ambiri

Sitepe yoyamba ndi zambiri kukumbukira amene bowa ndi likuimira? Mu zamoyo, pali gawo lapadera mwambo osiyana, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuphunzira zinthu izi. Njirayi imatchedwa mycology. Malinga deta atsopano, monga lero pali zoposa zikwi zana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa monga zamoyo unicellular ndi multicellular.

Ndithu chithunzi, m'pamenenso kuti Ufumu wa chilengedwe mofulumira kukhala ndi chiwerengero cha patsogolo. zosiyanasiyana Special kufika mitundu parasitic ndi saprophytic.

Bowa ndi udindo wapadera mu dongosolo organic wa dziko chifukwa kukhalapo kwa zingapo zochititsa khalidwe la kapangidwe ndi moyo. Choncho, onse a iwo ogwirizana mu Ufumu umodzi.

mbali zapadera bowa

M'magazini zimenezi? nkhani zonse m'chifanizo cha oimira zomera ndi nyama. Kwa nthawi yaitali Chilombocho asayansi deadlock a. Pambuyo akupangidwa wapadera ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa, monga kuphatikiza mbali ya zamoyo zosiyana kwathunthu.

Kotero, kuti mbali ambiri, kaphatikizidwe bowa ndi zomera monga:

• luso lithe mavitamini ndi mahomoni chomera mwa thupi;
• malire kukula apical moyo;
• moyo Ufumuyo (satha kusuntha);
• pamaso pa khoma lolimba khungu;
• Chakudya zinthu ndi suction.

Komabe, pali zizindikiro kuti chamoyo mu funso ndi ofanana ndi nyama:

• heterotrophic njira mphamvu (i.e. kumwa organic mankhwala kusasanyiwa, ndikosatheka palokha kaphatikizidwe mu thupi);
• kukhalapo mu selo khoma chitin zovuta zimam'patsa kuti amapanga zophimba wa nkhanu, tizilombo ndi zolembedwa zina nyama.

Kuphatikiza awa mbali amatilola Taganizirani bowa wapadera okhalapo, woyenera nawo osiyana ufumu zinyama.

Angamulambirire dongosolo bowa

Mbali yaikulu mu dongosolo la chamoyo mu funso - izo hyphae kuti apange mycelium ndi fruiting matupi a basidiomycetes apamwamba. Iwo woonda ulusi woyera kapena translucent, amene wapangidwa maselo ankasiyana partitions. Kwambiri nthambi hyphae, kotheratu, coalesce ndi kupanga lalikulu mobisa zopezera - mycelium. Kunja, komanso kupanga fruiting thupi bowa apamwamba - mwendo ndi chipewa.

Onse anthu ena hyphae ali yekha mapangidwe mycelium. Last ndi koyenera kuti mayamwidwe zakudya, vegetative kubalana, ndi kugonana spore ndondomeko mapangidwe.

Iwo mycelium nawo mu mapangidwe gribokornya. Choncho, kodi mycorrhiza, zikuonekeratu, ngati inu mukudziwa zomwe ukufanizidwa ndi thupi lenilenilo. Ndi kuphatikiza bowa mobisa ndi mizu ya zomera apamwamba. mtundu A mgwirizano ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa, amathandiza kuti apulumuke mabungwe onse.

Choncho, hyphae wa bowa mycelium aumbike, ndi kotheratu ndi mizu ndi kupangidwa mycorrhiza kapena gribokoren. Ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu mu kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe ambiri oimira ankaona ufumu wa moyo.

Kodi mycorrhiza mu zamoyo: tanthauzo

Ngati tikambirana chodabwitsa wapadera ku mfundo za sayansi view tikhoza kamodzi kokha kachiwiri kudabwa katswiri pa zamoyo mu olimba wopulumuka. Perekani maganizo enieni zambiri zimene mycorrhiza mu zamoyo, mungagwiritse ntchito tanthawuzo. ubwenzi symbiotic pakati pa bowa ndi zomera, amene akutsatiridwa ndi interplay pafupi pakati mycelium ndi mizu mu chilengedwe mobisa.

Mawu akuti "mycorrhiza" anali akufuna mu 1885 ndi ofufuza Frank. Kupezeka kwa zodabwitsazi anadziwika zaka zinayi m'mbuyomo. Kodi mycorrhiza bowa, iye anafotokoza mu 1881 Russian wasayansi Fi Kamensky. Iye ndiye anali woyamba anaphunzira ndipo anafotokoza gribokoren.

Pafupifupi onse zomera apamwamba kulowa ubale ofanana ndi bowa, ndipo si okhawo ife tinkakonda kuwona ndi kusonkhanitsa m'nkhalango, komanso ndi ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale mobisa. Chotero kudalirana wakhala bwino ndipo ndi opindulitsa kwa onse maphwando, kuti kupanda mycorrhizal zomera akuti ndi kupatulapo m'chilengedwe.

Kodi makalasi a bowa angathe chodabwitsa pansi pa cikwati?

1. Basidiomycetes (gimenomitsety, Gasteromycetes).
2. Ascomycetes (kwambiri mitundu).
3. Zygomycetes (mitundu ina).

Kodi zomera amatha kukhala m'chiyanjano symbiotic ndi mycelium wa bowa bwanji?

1. Pafupifupi onse osatha oimira ofanana zosiyanasiyana moyo mitundu (udzu, zitsamba, mitengo).
2. kawirikawiri annuals.

Musati kupanga gribokoren oimira anthu amene amakhala padziko madzi ndi nkhaniyi, iye.

Gawo

Tidapeza kuti mycorrhiza, kutanthauzira izo zikuperekedwa. Tsopano tiyeni tione zimene mitundu gribokornya kuchitika, chifukwa likukhalira kuti si yapafupi. Pali gulu kuti amasonyeza yofanana ndi kudalirana izi.

Atatu mitundu ikuluikulu ya bowa mycorrhizal tingaone:

• endotrophic ( "endo" - mkati);
• ectotrophic ( "ecto" - kunja);
• wosanganiza, kapena endoektotrofnaya.

Tiyeni tione mtundu uliwonse anati.

endotrophic mycorrhizae

ndi mycorrhiza endotrophic zotani? Ndi zimene zimachitika pakati pa bowa ndi mbewu muzu, mmene mycelium zambiri osati kunja, koma mkati atamezedwa kotheratu. Hyphae umalowa mu khungu zaminyewa ndi kukhala mwa iwo okha mizu, woyamwa ndi timadziti wa zomera. Pa nthawi yomweyo ena mycelium uli kusungunuka ndipo amapita ku chakudya.

Chidwi Mbali kuti bowa endophytic zimafalitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a mkangano anatengera kwa mtundu womwewo mbewu. Ie mikangano kudutsa umuna kuchokera kumeneko kulowa mbewu, ndi watsopano zomera thupi chibadwire wapangidwa ndi bowa-endofit.

Kupezeka kwa mycelium mu muzu sikumangotikhudza chitukuko mwake, nthambi ndi zina zotero. bowa The amaona kunja konse.

Ekzotrofnaya mycorrhizae

Pa funso la zotani mycorrhiza ekzotrofnogo, yankho ndi lodziwikiratu. M'pomveka kunena kuti ndi noticeable kunja mapangidwe a. Ndithu. Bowa ektofity ndi bwino anayamba, wamphamvu, nthambi mycelium. Hyphae kotero mwamphamvu kukulunga mizu ya zomera, likukhalira ngati chivundikiro. Pankhaniyi, muzu tsitsi kufa monga zosafunika.

The zingwe angathe hyphae mkatikati mbewu, koma sanapeze mkati maselo pansi pa nsalu chindwi. Izi gribokornya mtundu zambiri unali pakati pa mitengo ndi bowa agaricales. N'chifukwa chake mitundu edible anthu kupeza banja lonse mu mthunzi wa korona wa mtengo.

obwerawa mycorrhizae

ndi mycorrhiza wosanganiza zotani? Izi ndi kudalirana wapadera endo- ndi ektogribov ndi chomera mizu pa nthawi yomweyo. Ambiri mtundu gribokornya. dzina lina - endoektomikoriza.

Zikuonekeratu kuti akamanena za zodabwitsazi lagona malowedwe munthawi yomweyo hyphae mkati maselo muzu motero kupanga chivundikiro wandiweyani a iwo kuchokera kunja. Nthawi zambiri, kudalirana ichi pali pakati pileate agaricales bowa ndi zosiyanasiyana mitengo. Chitsanzo: Aspen, boletus, amanita, woyera bowa ndi zina.

mitundu sangaonekerenso popanda mycorrhizae, kotero siinampezebe njira kulima yokumba.

Kutanthauza mycorrhizal bowa miyoyo

Tsopano ife tikudziwa chomwe mycorrhizae. Ndi mulingo wake ayenera osati asungidwa mwachinsinsi. N'zoonekeratu kuti cholinga chachikulu - kuwombola zakudya pakati pa zamoyo ziwiri zosiyana.

ndi zomera chifukwa cha kudalirana chiyani?

1. Kumawonjezera suction padziko dera chifukwa cha angapo nthambi hyphae.
2. bowa amapereka madzi ndi mchere.
3. Chomera amalandira mahomoni, mavitamini.
4. Bowa ayenera mankhwala ambiri mu mawonekedwe okhoza kutengera ndi zomera (mwachitsanzo, potaziyamu, calcium, sodium, phosphorous, ndi zina zotero).

Kodi bowa zomera?

1. Organic mankhwala, makamaka zimam'patsa.
2. amino zidulo.
3. Ena phytohormones ndi kukula zinthu.

Choncho, mycorrhizae - izo mwamtheradi kupambana-Nkhata mgwirizano zambiri zofunika ku mbali zonse ziwiri.