Banja la zomera

Zovuta wolowezana taxonomy mitundu zikuphatikizapo magulu ambiri. chomera mabanja pansipa unit (kuti) ndi mtundu apamwamba. maina awo anapanga malinga ndi malamulo omwe malamulo ndi mayiko Code wa Botanical Nomenclature. dzina chomera banja aumbike mwa kuwonjezera dzina m'munsi mwa mtundu mtundu muyezo kutsekedwa -aceae. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, popangidwa ndi dzina la banja Rosaceae (Rosaceae), chomwe ndi mtundu dzina «Rosa», pa maziko amene kutenga Ros- adawonjeza mathero -aceae. Mu gulu sayansi nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito opangidwa kuchokera ku sukulu: subfamily ndi superfamily.

zomera za banja m'njira zamakono anatuluka mu m'ma XX. Kwa nthawi yoyamba gulu uyu anayambitsa katswiri Per Manol ku France kumbuyo mu 1689. Kwa zaka zambiri, ikuimira gulu la chikhalidwe chosiyana. Izi mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito dzina ili inatha yekha mu 1906 ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo mayiko a nomenclature botanical. Malinga ndi malamulo, dzina uyu anadza zikutanthauza chirichonse zimene poyamba anatchula malamulo ku Latin kapena mabanja - mu French.

Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana zomera, tisaiwale kuti ena ambiri ofanana ndi mzake, ndi zina - zochepa. kufanana Izi anatsimikiza ndi ubale wa zomera. Ndi mitundu okhudzana ndi maziko a mapangidwe mabanja. Amaganiza kuti padzikoli pali anthu oposa 350,000 mitundu ya zomera:

- kufala Moss: ndi kubereka 1.3 zikwi ndi mitundu 25 zikwi; ..

- Mumapezekanso wa genera 300 ndi mitundu 11 zikwi ;.

- Horsetail: 1 mtundu ndi pafupifupi 25 mitundu;

. - lycopsids: 4 ndi 1 zikwi mitundu mitundu;

- gymnosperms: 60 genera ndi 700 mitundu;

- angiosperms (maluwa): mabanja oposa 500, 13 zikwi genera ndi mitundu yoposa 250 zikwi ...

Pali zomera za banja amene ali ndi chidwi kwambiri anthu mawu a ntchito pa moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Popanda zomera sizikanatheka kukanakhala moyo anthu onse, chifukwa ambiri a iwo amapanga mbali yaikulu ya zakudya zake. Mmodzi wa ambiri ndi banja la zomera dicotyledonous. mbali khalidwe la zomera amenewa ndi: pamaso pa cotyledons awiri; chiwerengero cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana za maluwa yosatheka chiwerengero chawo ndi wofanana kapena angapo 4 ndi 5; ili annular nsalu conductive. The mizu ya zomera ndi ambiri ndodo. Banja limeneli ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya moyo. Pakati pa dicotyledons pali zitsamba, zitsamba ndi mitengo. banja Uku 4/5 la maluwa zomera pa dziko.

Zomera za banja legume a kalasi ya bipartite. Izi ndi mitundu wochuluka kwambiri. Maluwa ndi nthumwi wake wapangidwa yosiyana pamakhala 5, ndi mawonekedwe osasamba, 10 stamens. zipatso leguminous characteristically anakonza. chipangizo awo amatchedwa botanical akuti "nyemba". Mbali wamba banja ndi chimodzi akuti n'kuwasanganiza, omwe si wogawanika m'zigawo, ndi zipatso za zomera zonse polyspermic, gulugufe. zipatso kucha lili pa seams makutu, amene amagwira mbewu.

Nyemba ali pafupi 6,6 zikwi. Species ndi 200 genera. Iwo unafala m'dziko lonse lapansili. Banja limeneli lagawidwa subfamilies caesalpinioideae, Mimosa, nyemba. Pomaliza nkhani chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha zomera m'banja. Ena mwa iwo ndi chakudya chofunika kwambiri anthu: nyemba, mphodza, nandolo, nsawawa, mtedza, soya. Zipatso za mbewu izi ndi zomwe zili mkulu wa masamba mapuloteni, mchere ambiri ndi mavitamini. Ambiri a iwo ntchito monga chakudya lofunika nyama clover, vetch, sainfoin, clover, nyemba. oimira Herbaceous nyemba angathe kuchotsa asafe ku mlengalenga, ndi zomera lalikulu, amene ntchito m'dziko reclamation.