Kodi kachasu zaka 12 ya ukalamba bwino?

Kachasu kapena Sikochi wapa ndi imodzi mwa mizimu wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko. fungo ndi kukoma analengedwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana njira kupanga, zimene zimabweretsa kumwa, umene anthu ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zambiri. Chifukwa amapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu monga rye, balere, chimanga, tirigu ndi ngakhale buckwheat. mphamvu chakumwa zingasiyane 32 mpaka 50%. Pachikhalidwe, chifukwa amapangidwa mu Ireland ndi Scotland.

Mbiri ya kumwa

Kodi nthawi yoyamba anapanga chakumwa goryachitelny? Yankho la funsoli sanapezeke, koma Ireland ndi Scotland amadziona kukhala malo kachasu ndi kukangana pakati pawo amene anali woyamba mu nkhani iyi. Chi amati iwo m'malo mwa ndondomeko yoyamba ya mphesa kwa balere. The chakumwa chifukwa iwo ankachitcha "madzi a moyo." Koma Irish kunena woyang'anira awo, Patreki Woyera, anatulukira Chinsinsi ndipo anayamba kukonza kachasu pa iwo pa chilumba. Kupanga anayamba m'malo Sikochi wapa Scotland, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokhayo yotumikira mankhwala. Koma alimi ayamba zinachitikira ansembe nayamba kutulutsa iwo zogulitsa. chakumwa anali kwambiri ngati Brew, iwo sakanakhoza kupirira, ndi kumwa nthawi yomweyo pambuyo distillation. Mu XIX m'ma makampani kanyumba amakhoza kupita mlingo lotsatira ndi khazikitsa Coffey, amene anathandiza kwambiri pa buku la mankhwala chopangidwa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mafakitale kupanga mankhwala, pali Makampani kuti amakhazikika yekha kupanga ake. Mu nthawi yathu, Scottish ndi Irish Sikochi wapa amaonedwa yabwino. Kachasu zaka 12 za ukalamba ndi ofunika padziko lonse.

Mitundu ya "madzi a moyo"

Pali zoterozo_zisokonezo kachasu gulu:

1. chimera - wopangidwa yekha kuchokera chimera balere, popanda zosafunika. iwo anagawa nayenso mu:

• chimera (chopangidwa ndi distillery yomweyo);
• Single cask (kachasu, wochokera mbiya imodzi);
• Kotala cask (yekha Imwani kuchokera mbiya anapanga thundu American ndikukhala ndi kukula yaing'ono);
• Vatted chimera (zomatira tepi ndi osakaniza distilleries osiyana).

2. mapira - izo pafupifupi onse ziziwayendera kachasu, kokha kagawo kakang'ono amapita pa malonda pa ritelo. Mtundu popanda zina ali pafupifupi palibe kununkhira. Nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito ngati zipangizo mafakitale yaiwisi kupanga mitundu ina ya kumwa.

3. obwerawa - ndimwe, amene analandira mwa kusakaniza (aziphatikiza) chimera ndi monga chimanga tepi mitundu. 90% kupanga okwana nkhani ndi mtundu uwu. Ngati ndi okhutira mkulu wa chimera, kumwa uyu ali ndi udindo wa "Lux".

4. "Bourbon" - ndi chokhalira American, imene imakhudza kupanga kachasu kwa chimanga, ndipo ali ndi luso lapadera.

luso opanga

Kupanga chakumwa lagawidwa magawo monga:

1. Kukonzekera balere chimera - panthawi imeneyi, balere kukonzedwa. zosowa zake kuthetsa, woyera ndi youma. Kenako, ali akhathamiritsa ndi kufalitsa pansi pa zomera malting kwa masiku 10. Pamene zikumera tirigu, izo anatumiza kuyanika. Monga likukhalira chimera. Wa mbewu sanali Zidamera kupanga mbewu kachasu.

2. Kuyanika - ndondomeko kuumitsa chimera, amene amapezeka ndi utsi otentha ku kuyaka wa makala, peat kapena mumamera nkhuni zodulidwa. Monga likukhalira, "kusuta tirigu." Sitepe ntchito kokha mu Scotland, amene amapereka kukoma Sikochi wapa ku gawo ili la UK.

3. liziwawa Yopanga - zouma chimeracho n'kukhala ufa chipolowe mu madzi. osakaniza ndi kumbuyo maola 8-12.

4. Nayonso mphamvu, kapena nayonso mphamvu - pamene liziwawa ndi utakhazikika, yisiti anawonjezera kuti ndi kuika mu malo otentha (35-37 madigiri) kwa masiku awiri. Mphamvu ya chakumwa chifukwa ukufika 5%.

5. distillation - 5% chakumwa otchezedwa kawiri kapena katatu. Pambuyo distillation choyamba, madzi linga 25-30%, pambuyo wachiwiri - 70%. Ntchito zina kokha kutenga chakumwa umene ukufika pakati pa ndondomeko distillation. Mawonekedwe a zida za distillation ndi wapadera lililonse distillery, monga izi umakhudza kwambiri kukoma kachasu wa. The chakumwa chifukwa wasukuluka ndi madzi, ndipo mphamvu yake yafupika 50-64%.

6. Ndinakumana - kachasu kuima mu mbiya thundu. Ngati mbiya ili la sheri amachokera Spain, izo analandira chakumwa khalidwe. Koma kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi American thundu mbiya, umene anali "bourbon".

7. kukhotera - Mbali imeneyi ntchito tepi losanganikirana. Ndiye kuphatikiza mu umodzi chimera ndi tirigu akachasu kuti ndi osiyana kukhudzana (kwa zaka 3). Pambuyo pake, iwo zasungidwa miyezi ingapo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi zimadalira mtengo wa kumwa, ngati masabata ochepa chabe, ndi wotchipa, ngati miyezi 6-8 - ndi apamwamba mtengo chakumwa.

8. bottling - supernatant choledzeretsa osasankhidwa ndi thandizo la nembanemba pepala. Kutentha ayenera kukhala mu uthunthu madigiri 2-10. Pambuyo tepi iyi wasukuluka ndi madzi anatengedwa ku zinthu zachilengedwe. Ngati zikuchokera zikuphatikizapo chisakanizo cha kachasu zaka 12 za ukalamba, izo anawonjezera kuti dzina De luxe, ndiko kuti, ndi wa wapamwamba kwambiri chakumwa.

kupirira akuti

Mu 1860, lamulo linaperekedwa ku Scotland, amene ananena kuti mowa iyenela zaka zosachepera 3. Ngati chimera Sikochi wapa si anaikira aziphatikiza, izo anakhalabe pakati pa zaka 5 ndi 20. Kachasu zaka 12 kukalamba amatanthauza mitundu wapachiyambi, '21 - wokhometsa. The mitundu rarest zasungidwa mu mbiya kwa zaka 50. Mu Ireland, ambiri akuti ndi zaka 5, mu Canada - 6.

Kachasu "Chivas Regal"

mtundu uwu akugulitsa mowa mwanaalirenji ku Scotland. The anayambitsa kampani "Chivas" anali pachibale, John ndi Dzheyms Chivasy kumbuyo mu 1801. Iwo ankaona kuti Scotland palibe kachasu, amene akhoza udindo wa osankhika ndi. Choncho, iwo anaganiza panokha alenge mtundu chakumwa. The tepi kumene analenga zakhala zabwino kwambiri, ndipo sanachedwe m'chikondi ndi anthu otchuka onse Scotland. Koma abale sanaime. Adamtsata sitepe anali cholengedwa cha nthawi yaitali kukhudzana ndi zogulitsa kunja kachasu ku US. mtundu uwu dzina lake Chivas Regal 25, ndipo sanachedwe anagonjetsa msika American. Koma mu 1920, izo unayamba mu US malamulo youma, amene anasokoneza malonda. Pambuyo Kulipira ake kampani anabwerera ku msika mu mtundu Chivas Regal 12. Mu nthawi yathu ino, "Chivas Regal" amagulitsa yekha yake yachakumwa. Wake kukhudzana akuti - kuchokera zaka 12 mpaka 21. Kachasu "Chivas" ndi zaka 12 mu zikhalidwe wapadera, ndipo ali otchuka. Khumi tepi analengedwa mu 1997 ndi Colin Scott ndi kupereka gulu la mphoto ndi mendulo kwa khalidwe. Twente-chaka zaka 21, tinalengedwera mu 1953 makamaka kwa coronation wa Elizabeth II. Koma kachasu "Regal" zaka 12 wokalamba anagula mofunitsitsa kwambiri chifukwa mitengo otsika ndi zabwino kwambiri.

Kachasu "Macallan"

chakumwa ino m'dera la Mtsinje Spey ku Scotland, umene uli wotchuka chifukwa distilleries ake mu dziko. Izi kachasu apamwamba, ndi anakhalabe mu casks sheri. Maonekedwe ake amadziwika chifukwa zitatu distillation, pamene muyezo ntchito 2 m'matumba. The anayambitsa kampani imeneyi ndi dzina lake Aleksandr kuchotsa, amene 1824 anapeza laisensi ndipo anatsegula distillery wake. Mu zaka wotsatira, iye owomboledwa ndi anthu osiyana payekha ndi malamulo. Mu zaka 50 mazana makumi awiri, The Macallan akuyamba phukusi mankhwala ake mu mabotolo. The pazipita yosungirako nthawi malo ichi - zaka 30, koma kachasu "Macallan" zaka 12 za ukalamba ndi wotchuka kwambiri ndipo anakonda dziko lonse lapansi.

Kachasu "Aberfeldy"

Mu m'mudzi waung'ono, limene lili mu mapiri a Grampian ku Scotland, kulenga munthu wa akachasu wotchuka. Iwo ali chosiyana mtundu, fungo ndi kukoma, zomwe ndithudi kuvumbitsira kuima pakati ena onse. Kumasulidwa loyamba la kachasu "Aberfeldy" Dewar abale inayamba mu chaka cha 1898. Poyamba iwo ankafuna kuti apange chimera zonse, koma kenako kuchita osakwatiwa-chimera kachasu. chakumwa ntchito ngati maziko a zopangidwa zina, koma kuyambira 1988 mtundu wapachiyambi amangogwira ntchito pa okha. Kachasu "Aberfeldy" zaka 12 ndi zaka 20 kukalamba anagonjetsa dziko. Ndipotu, pa distillery uyu akuyesera kuti abuluke masiku kutulutsa katundu ndi kumwa ndi luso mwambo pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okha kuchokera m'dera phiri akasupe.

Kachasu "Glenfiddik"

Izi kachasu Sikochi wapa (kapena tepi) analengedwa mu malo FIDIC Mtsinje, pafupi kumene mzinda Daftaun. Apa chifukwa amapangidwa yekha umodzi chimera mitundu ya chakumwa. mtundu linalengedwa 1887 ndi William Grant. Iye ndi banja lake anamanga distillery ndi dzina la chigwa yomwe anamanga. Mpaka lero, zidzukulutudzi William adzalandira kupanga izi. Mu 1957, kachasu anayamba kutsanulira mu botolo wapadera wa mawonekedwe triangular. Zamgululi wa distillery izi lagawidwa masanjidwe tingachipeze powerenga za umafunika zosiyanasiyana ndi zochepa. Ambiri a kachasu - "Glenfiddik" zaka 12 kukalamba - amatanthauza tingachipeze powerenga za. Kumaphatikizaponso zakumwa zomwe zasungidwa pa zaka 15 ndi 18. Obwerawa chakumwa zaka 21 ndi 30, okha - zaka 40 ndi 50.

Kachasu "Balvenie"

kampani ina ku chigwa cha mtsinje Spey, mu Scotland. Iwo anapeza mu 1892 ndi chimodzimodzi William Grant ndipo analandira dzina la Nyumbayi, yomwe inali pafupi. Chapansi, iye anayima chakumwa wake, pansi pake inali shopu ya malting balere anali kusungidwa pa lachiwiri, zomwe wakula mu distilikiti. Mu 1973, mtundu "Balvenie" anayamba kutulutsa waikidwa kachasu. Iwo agawidwa zonse ndi zochepa. Kachasu "Balvenie" zaka 12 kukalamba chikukhudza onse woyamba ndi mtundu wachiwiri. Izo zonse zikudalira, kodi iye anaima mbiya.

ntchito

Irish ndi Chi ndi miyambo yawo mu ntchito kachasu. Choyamba izo konse ndiye kuti sitimadzipereka ndi wachiwiri asanu kusungira wapadera mwambo «S»: kuona, kununkhiza, kumadutsa, kukonza ndi kuwaza madzi. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti zimenezi kudzakuthandizani kuti athe kuona kukoma onse a kachasu ndi amasangalala pazipita kwa izo. Kachasu zaka 12 kukalamba amakondedwa kwambiri ndi anayamikira m'madera amenewa. Ndi kwambiri quality, ndi kugula ake si kwambiri khama pa bajeti.

Choncho, kachasu - ndi kumwa ndi kukoma wapadera ndi kununkhiza, zimene anapambana mitima ya anthu ambirimbiri. lakwawo imatengedwa Scotland ndi Ireland. Kusunga madzi akumwa kwa zaka 3 mpaka 50, kodi Mzimuyo ubwino wake ndi mtengo. Kachasu zaka 12 za ukalamba ndi mtundu ambiri chakumwa.