Matabwa ntchito zamanja, Viking Drakkar: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Medieval Viking Drakkar - chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zambiri kuzindikira kwa anthu otchuka pankhondo. Maonekedwe a zombo zimenezi pang'ono chifukwa lidzadabwitsa ku Ulaya la Akhristu kwa zaka zambiri. Kulengedwa Drakkar zinaphatikizapo generalization ya zimene zinachitikira wolemera wa ku Scandinavia Ambuye. Awa anali zombo othandiza kwambiri ndi yachangu wa nthawi yake.

"Chinjoka" Sitima

Dzina la Viking Drakkar analandira polemekeza zimbalangondo lanthano. mitu yawo analaswa pamphuno Ufumuyo izi kanjedza, zombo. Chifukwa kuzindikira kunja bwalo Scandinavians maganizo mosavuta anapambulwa pa maziko a ngalawa zina ku Ulaya. Dragon anali wokwera pa mphuno kokha pamene tikuyandikira ndi kuthetsa mdani, ndipo ngati Scandinavia tidapita ku doko lake, iwo amayeretsedwa ya zoopsa mantha. Ngati achikunja onse, oyendetsa awa anali achipembedzo kwambiri ndi malodza. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti wochezeka doko chinjoka akwiyitsidwa ndi mizimu yabwino.

Wina khalidwe khalidwe la Drakkar anali mapanelo ambiri. Adalira anapachika iwo m'mbali mwa magalimoto awo. Drakkar Viking obkladyvayut zishango woyera, ngati timu anafuna kusonyeza chikondi chawo pa mtendere. Pankhaniyi, amalinyero pansi zida zawo. The manja anali choyimira cha ntchito mbendera zoyera m'tsogolo.

ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana

Mu IX-XII zaka. Viking m'chombo (Drakkar) anali kwambiri Mipikisano zinchito ku Ulaya konse. Iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoyendera chombo cha nkhondo ndi zida kufufuza a malire kwambiri nyanja. Ndi pa Drakkar Scandinavians anali oyamba kufika ku Iceland ndi Greenland. Komanso, anapeza Vinland - North America.

SITIMA wosiyanasiyana Drakkar anali chifukwa cha zamoyo wa akalambula ake - snekkarov. Iwo ali ang'onoang'ono ndi katundu-yonyamula mphamvu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, panali wamalonda zombo kokha - Knorr. Iwo anali mphamvu zambiri, koma anali sinathe mitsinje. zolakwa zonsezi kale, pamene Drakkar. Matabwa Viking zombo za mtundu watsopano ndi wangwiro akuyendayenda fjords ndi mitsinje. Ndicho chifukwa chake iwo anakonda ndi Scandinavia panthawi ya nkhondo. Pa zoyendera uyu akhoza kuyamba m'dziko la dziko anawononga kumtunda.

Kupanga Drakkar

Medieval Viking zombo (Rook ndi Drakar) anamanga kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtengo. Monga ulamuliro, ntchito paini, phulusa ndi thundu, zomwe zili ponseponse mu nkhalango Denmark. Samalani kwambiri kuti kusankha zipangizo yosonkhanitsa mafelemu ndi muyezo. Monga kulenga Drakkar pakati akanakhoza kutenga za 300 thundu mbiya ndi misomali zikwi zingapo.

The processing nkhuni m'gulu magawo angapo. Mwamsanga pambuyo kudula mu theka m'mimba kangapo mothandizidwa ndi wedges wapadera. Kudula chinakwaniritsidwa mwandondomeko mosamala. Master anali kugwetsa mbiya okha pamodzi ndi ulusi achilengedwe. matabwa Komanso anali wasambitsa ndi madzi ndipo anapitirizabe pa moto. Zipangizo chifukwa amadziŵika ndi makamaka kusintha. Iwo akanakhoza kupereka zosiyanasiyana. Zonsezi ambuye Unakhazikitsidwa sanakhalepo kwambiri kumpoto. Amaphatikiza nkhwangwa, Akamva kubowola ndi Chalk ina ing'onoing'ono. Scandinavians kusiyana ndi chakuti anaona sanamuzindikire ndipo sanali ntchito pomanga zombo.

Makulidwe & kanyumba

Makulidwe Drakkar anali osiyana. The zitsanzo waukulu angafikire mamita 18 m'litali. Pa kukula yozungulira ndi gulu kukula. Kwa chiwalo cha oyendetsa Unalimbitsa zake. Oyendetsa anagona pa mabenchi umene kusungidwa zinthu zawo. Zombo lalikulu akhoza kunyamula asilikali 150.

Drakkar - zamakono kudabwitsa kwa Scandinavia. Wake wapadera adampereka mozungulira. Choncho, kwa zofunda zipangizo zawo Scandinavia ntchito luso lake loyambirira la nthawi. Matabwa overlapped. Iwo adam'yang'anitsa ndi rivets kapena misomali. Pa chomaliza pomanga chombo chimango ake caulk. Pambuyo njirayi analandira kapangidwe zina bata, mtendere ndi liwiro. Chifukwa makhalidwe ake apadera Drakkar mukhoza kupitiriza njira, ngakhale mu mikuntho koipa.

kasamalidwe

Amayendetsera Drakkar Scandinavia anathamangitsidwa ndi kupalasa (makamaka pa sitima zazikulu pangakhale awiriawiri 35). Kupalasa anali mmodzi wa anthu ogwira ntchito. Magulu anasintha likusuntha, kotero kuti chombo sasiya ngakhale mu ulendo wautali kwambiri. Komanso, imagwilitsila matanga amphamvu. Anathandiza imathandizira ndipo amapondereza mphepo nyanja.

Scandinavia, aliyense pa nthawi anali kudziwa wolemera nyengo kuyenda. Iwo anali ndi mmene kudziwa moyandikana m'dziko. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, zombo anali khola ndi mbalame. Nthawi Sitima anamasulidwa m'tchire. Ngati dziko kulibe, iwo anabwerera ku foni, kupeza malo touchdown wina. Ngati gulu atazindikira kuti iye anasowa panjira chombo akhoza mofulumira kusintha njira. Kuti tichite zimenezi, Drakkar zida ndi masiku ambiri pa nthawi wolima.

zombo Evolution Viking

Development wa Masewerera a Nordic shipbuilding chinkachitika malamulo ambiri amavomereza: akalumikidzidwa zovuta pang'onopang'ono m'malo chachikale chinkawavuta. Woyamba Viking zombo anali matanga ndi anakwanitsa yekha zikwapu. ziwiya zimenezi popanda kapangidwe tweaks wapadera. Freeboard zitsanzo ngati osiyana msinkhu waung'ono. Izo zimasokoneza kutalika sitiroko.

Kumayambiriro Drakkar zosiyanasiyana zolowa kukula, chifukwa cha zimene ndinali wamng'ono ndi chiwongolero magalimoto amenewa. Ndi iye akhoza kulimbana ndi munthu m'modzi. Komabe, zovuta kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi mawilo ziwembu zawo akukhala n'kovuta kwambiri. Kusintha anayamba ntchito chingwe kuti oponyedwa pa gunwale lapansi. Pang'ono nakhala wochirikiza konsekonse wa chiwongolero. Pakutha pa Viking Age (mu XII m'ma) zombo anayamba inkayenda yekha. Atasinthidwa mlongoti ogwiritsa njira: iye analandira zochotsa zosintha. Iwo anali adatchithisira pa ndime ya mafunde.

Apeza olowa Drakkar

Mu XX atumwi, asodzi Scandinavia gombe kangapo mwangozi anathamangira mu olowa Drakkar. atulukira amenewa - ndi si mwamwayi chodabwitsa, komanso kupambana kwakukulu kwa amafufuza zamakezana ndi mbiri yakale. Ena zotsalira kuti anakwanitsa kulera pamwamba ndi mawonekedwe zamzitini anatumizidwa ku zinthu zakale.

Mmodzi wa amapeza lalikulu la mtundu uwu zinalili mu 1920. Chidanishi asodzi pafupi m'mudzi Skulleleva anapeza mabwinja Drakkar sikisi okha. Kulera iwo pamwamba anali zaka 40 pambuyo pake. Mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri radiocarbon anatsimikiza zaka makhoti: iwo anawaika kuzungulira chaka cha 1000. Ngakhale nambala yaikulu zaka pansi madzi ndi chiwonongeko ambiri zakale izi saloledwa kulemba chithunzi yonse ya peculiarities wa akale Scandinavia shipbuilding.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Scandinavia Drakkar - wamalonda zombo matabwa, omwe anali okonzeka matanga anapangidwa ndi tsitsi nkhosa yaitali. Ife tinkakonda yekha ubweya wa nkhosa yosowa Masewerera a Nordic zimasokoneza. Natural wosanjikiza mafuta anathandiza kusunga kupalasa youma ngakhale mu nyengo zosautsa.

Kuti luso labwino kusonkhana limodzi ndi mphepo chilungamo, nsalu anali sewn yekha mu mawonekedwe lalikulu kapena anayi. kupalasa lalikulu Drakkar akafuna malo mamita lalikulu 90. Kupanga ake ndinatenga pafupi awiri matani ubweya (ngakhale yaikazi wina anapereka chaka pafupifupi makilogalamu chimodzi ndi theka la chuma chamtengo wapatali).