Ankadikira kuti "Mfumukazi Maria". Imfa ya nkhondo ndi "Mfumukazi Maria"

Mbiri ya asilikali apanyanja padziko lonse ladzala ndi zinsinsi. Chotero makina zovuta monga warship ndi, zonse zida, zida ndi magalimoto zosayenera akuchitira zimene zingachititse kuti imfa ya chotengeracho. Koma ichi si kufotokoza zonse. Ngozi zambiri yofulumira ndi sikelo kuti ndikuuzeni mavuto ake onse, palibe mmodzi. The wreckage wa mulu wa zitsulo zopotoka, kawirikawiri atagona pansi, kotero kufufuza ndi mafotokozedwe a zifukwa ndi kovuta. Kotero izo zinali ndi "Fuso" zombo Japanese, "Congo," "Mutsu", "katundu wa Yamato", dreadnoughts American "Arizona", Italy cruiser "Roma" Soviet "Marat", English "Barham" ndi "nyumba". Mu unawonongedwa nthawi Ofera Chikhulupiriro anawonjezera "Novorossiysk". Imfa ya nkhondo "Mfumukazi Maria" mu October 1916, mwina chifukwa cha zovuta kufotokoza mfundo mbiri.

Series Nkhondo yabwino

Mosiyana ndi zimene anthu ambiri amaganiza, mmene umene ukugwirizana ndi njira yeniyeni ya atsogoleri Soviet Party kuti mbiri m'banja chisanadze chosintha, ndi Russian Ufumu sanali dziko m'mbuyo. Kutsegula asayansi kosatha chuma cha sayansi dziko. Russian akatswiri a zamagetsi apanga woyamba atatu gawo magetsi dongosolo dziko, anatulukira galimoto kupatsidwa ulemu ndi kugwirizana opanda zingwe. zikayenda onsewa akhala ntchito kamangidwe ka sitima yatsopano ya mfumu yapamadzi, anapezerapo kupanga mu 1911. Panali atatu: ankadikira kuti "Mfumukazi Maria" anakhala munthu woyamba wa iwo. "Mfumukazi Ekaterina Velikaya" ndi "The Mfumu Alexander III la" onse mobwerezabwereza machenjerero ake, ngakhale, monga kawirikawiri, kutenga nkhani anamangapo zikuchitika pa kupanga ndondomeko ya malingaliro atsopano. M'chaka cha 1914 mutu wagawo wakhala anapezerapo. Izo zinachitika pa mphindi yabwino. Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, amene anayamba ndi akatemera mwakuwoneka mwadzidzidzi bingu mu Sarajevo, anadabwa ndi kwenikweni sanali. Nkhondo lembani "Mfumukazi Maria" zayamba limagwirizana bwino wa mphamvu pa ankaimbidwa apanyanja zamasewero ku ntchito ya usilikali. Russian bulu Tsushima anachiritsidwa mabala.

dzina Porphyry

zombo Series analandira maina a anthu kunyumba ya State Russian. N'zochititsa chidwi yekha ankadikira "Mfumukazi Maria" Black Sea zombo wakhala dzina lake polemekeza wamoyo, Welcome pa nthawi ya Alexander III wa mkazi wamasiye, nee Chidanishi Mfumukazi Louise Sophia Frederika Dagmar, wakhala weniweni Russian patriot, ndi njira, ngakhale chiyambi chake yachilendo. Komabe, izi zachitika kale, ndi okwanira kukumbukira Catherine Wamkulu, dzina lake nawo nkhondo ina yofanana. Mosakayikira, mkazi uyu woyenera ulemu uwu, pambali, iye anali mayi wa Nicholas II. udindo wake mu mbiri Russian ndi wamkulu, ndi wolimba mtima, kukoma mtima ndi chilungamo cha moyo bwinobwino mpikisano ndi kukongola kwa thupi.

Maria Feodorovna tsoka chisoni, anamwalira kunyumba kwake ku Denmark (1928), nthawi yomweyo mu ukapolo ndi personifying iye gawo la Russia, amene ndinali nawo mwayi woti chakudya owawa m'dziko lachilendo, "osasiya crusts." Ndi pamaso iye anataya wokondedwa ndi pafupi anthu ake: ana awiri, mwana wamkazi, zidzukulu anayi ndi mdzukulu.

Features m'chombo

Ankadikira kuti "Mfumukazi Maria" anali m'chombo m'zonse chidwi. Iwo anali mofulumira osauka liwiro pafupifupi 24 mfundo (40 km / h) potsegula zikwi ziwiri. T khala ndi matani 600 a mafuta mafuta ali kudziyimira pawokha mu masiku asanu ndi atatu, gulu munali oyendetsa 1260 ndi alonda. Magetsi - mtundu chopangira mphamvu, iyo sinali makina awiri malita 10 000. a.

Nkhondo - mtundu wapadera zida za panyanja, iwo ndi mkulu mlingo wa zida zida zankhondo. turrets anayi zida ndi atatu mfuti 12 inchi (anapanga wotchuka Obukhov fakitale) chilichonse. Kuwonjezera batire waukulu, inali kuperekedwa ndi wothandiza, kuchuluka kwa ndalama 32. mfuti awa ndi matanthauzo osiyana, mwa iwo anali wotsutsa ndege, zimene zikusonyeza mphamvu ya akatswiri Russian ndikuganiza moyenera kuganizira kukula kuopseza kuukira mpweya. Panali china kapangidwe Mbali kuti chimasiyanitsa ankadikira "Mfumukazi Maria". Zojambula superstructures zinalengedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka aliyense mu gawo la moto, kotero mphamvu ya ananyoza pang'ono amadalira mbali ya chandamale wachibale mlingo.

Zotuluka oponya machubu ili pansipa waterline, anali kupambana chosintha pa nthawi. Tinea thupi zida wosanjikiza makulidwe 250 mm, ndipo anateteza sitimayo. mawu Special amayenera dongosolo magetsi kundipatsako kwa sitimayo. Ankadikira kuti "Mfumukazi Maria" umapatsa nyonga ndi dynamos asanu ndi limodzi (masiku ano iwo amatchedwa magudumu). Onse makina katundu onsewo magetsi galimoto, makamaka pa chilichonse nsanja zida zankhondo anali zidutswa 22.

Chotero ngalawa anagwira utumwi nkhondowo, ngakhale mu nthawi yathu.

Kodi anathira nkhondo

Mu kugwa kwa 1915, mphamvu ya nkhondo nyanja mu Nyanja Black peaked. Turkey, ndi amene angakuthandizeni a Austria-Hungary, anasonyeza ntchito dera, osati zochepa azitengapo zinthu German sitima zapamadzi zombo. Poyankha, ndi Black Sea zombo pansi zida zankhondo bombardment mwa madoko a kugombe la kumpoto kwa Ottoman - Eregli, Kilimli, Zunguldak ndi mbuzi. Pa flagship nkhondo, "Mariya", anakwanitsa Naval Ntchito asilikali Kolchak. Chifukwa cha gulu monga koposa zombo za adani kumizidwa. German cruiser "Breslau" kupulumutsa ndi Turkey zombo mu February, sanathe kuchita ntchito ndipo sakonda anachoka ku nkhondo Russian, analandira wavulala. Pakuti 1916 lonse, wina raider German, "Gabin" anthu atatu okha ankafuna kupita ku Black Sea beseni wa Bosphorus Khwalala, koma posakhalitsa ndipo anavutika. Ulendo wake wotsiriza kwa Bay a Sevastopol ankadikira "Mfumukazi Maria" anabwerera 6 October 1916.

Anavutika ndipo opulumuka

Mosiyana ndi zina zambiri masoka apanyanja, anatha kupulumuka mu ambiri a timu. A 1260 mamembala adalira anamwalira pomwepo malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana anthu 152 ndi 216. chiwerengero cha anavulazidwa ndi kuwotchedwa ranged kwa anthu zana kuti 232. Ngakhale kuwasamalira mwamsanga mankhwala, anamwalira m'chipatala ngakhale zana ndi makumi asanu oyendetsa. Choncho, imfa ya nkhondo ndi "Mfumukazi Maria" wachititsa imfa ya anthu mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu (mphambu pazipita), woimira pafupifupi 28% ya gulu lonse. Anavutika zingakhale bwino kwambiri, koma mwamwayi, pafupifupi onse oyendetsa sitimayo, omwe sanali onyamula Watchkeeping nawo mu utumiki pemphero zikuchitika pa sitimayo aft. Pamene iwo amati, Mulungu kupulumutsa.

anafikapo

Zimenezi zinachitika pa nkhondo m'mawa wa October 7 opulumuka anauza adalira. M'lingaliro, umboni angatchedwe onse Sevastopol, kudzutsidwa ndi chimkokomo. Anthu mwangozi ndinawona chithunzi chonse cha tsokalo ku gombe zombo zina za Black Sea zombo amati kuphulika woyamba analiza kuchoka malo ndi foremast, chitoliro kutsogolo ndi conning nsanja. Koma chifukwa chachikulu kulimbana moyo unali wopanda pake, anali chiwonongeko cha thupi, akuwonetseredwa mu kuswa bolodi kwa pansipa waterline, ndiyeno madzi nyanja anayamba kuyenda mu zipinda za. The moto, azungu anapitiriza. Pasanathe mphindi chombo anafika mtsogoleri wa Black Sea zombo , asilikali Kolchak, kuyang'anira ntchito yopulumutsa, firefighters chinafika, maboti ndi agogo amandikhudza, koma zinali zosatheka kuchita chilichonse. Pasanathe ora kenako kuphulitsa zida mu m'chipinda chapansi wa mphuno turret, anamveka mabomba angapo, nkhondo analandira buoyancy zoipa, capsizing adagulung'undisa pa ndi kumira.

ulamuliro kuwonongeka

Oyendetsa lonse tsoka wochititsa pansi pa hayala ndi kukwaniritsa maudindo anamulamula malembedwe aantchito. Pa 7:20 wa chachinayi oyendetsa casemate amene anali kulowa anaona hiss zachilendo wochokera kuseri kwa m'chipinda chapansi kugawa loyandikana nsanja m'mphuno. Nthawi yomweyo inanena kuti bwana wanu zimene zikuchitika, nthawi falitsani ndi hoses moto ndi madzi umaperekedwa. Iwo anatenga mphindi ziwiri zokha. Pambuyo kusintha penyani anthu pa nthawi ino osambitsidwa pamaso holide, iwo anali onse anatentha Kumoto kuphulika. Mphamvu kotunga inasokoneza, magetsi azima. Kuphulikako (pali linagwedezeka 25), kuphulitsa zipolopolo 130 mamilimita likungosonyeza. Komabe, pa madongosolo a achikulire yokonza makina chizindikiro Ignatiev anayesa kuyamba moto mpope. Iye sanachite bwino, woyendetsa wolimba anaphedwa. The pofuna kusefukira kosungira a wachiwiri uta nsanja kulenga madzi chotchinga komanso zinalephereka, si nthawi yokwanira. Pozindikira kuti si onse apulumuke, mabwana anapereka lamulo kusiya amalinyero, pamene iwo anali kumwalira, kuyesera kuchita ntchito yake. Pambuyo zochotsa chombo anapezeka ndi kuikidwa zotsalira za ngwazi ya ...

Version kunyumba: ngozi

Anthu amakonda yesani kuona kuzungulira zosamvetsetseka. The zinthu zachinsinsi, kovuta ndipo kusokoneza kaŵirikaŵiri ankachitira. Choncho, Baibulo nduna za bungwe la Kufufuza kuti kuphulika pa flagship ya Black Sea zombo zinachitika chifukwa cha kudzikonda poyatsira ya nthunzi ya ufa zofunika ambiri inayambitsa kukhumudwa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, icho chinali. Zipolopolo nthawi yaitali pamodzi ndi kapu ndi mu mbiya, makamaka pamene ankadikira kuti anali kufuna "Gabin" ndipo tikhoza hule ndi detonation. Koma pali buku lina, chimene kwachinsinsi imfa ya nkhondo "Mfumukazi Maria" sizinachitike mwangozi.

azondi German

Mokomera "zonyoza zimayenda" amanena amanenanso zina zochitika. M'chombocho kunachitika kukonza, mwayi kulamulira anali ofooka, ndipo izo kuletsa kukazonda mikrovzryvatel m'chipinda chapansi, zofanana ndi zimene zapezeka Italy Dreadnought "Leonardo da Vinci" m'chilimwe cha 1915? Komanso, hatches ambiri sanakiyidwe.START_LINK_TO_SAFESEARCH_HELPDwEND_LINK. Ndipotu lina limanena koyamba kuti akazonde zonyoza zimayenda: mu 1933 ndi NKVD anali zopanda nzika German nzeru kutsogoleredwa ndi Werman wina. Malinga ndi mkaidi, iye anatengedwa pamaso zitasintha. Ndipo chidwi zomwe la zamagetsi Russian asilikali, kuphatikizapo machenjerero "Mfumukazi Maria". Kumvetsera imeneyi pamene apolisi sapatsidwa. Anali Wehrmann kazitape, sindikudziwa ngati anthu anavomereza kuti chilichonse.

chombo kudula kwa zidutswa mu 1926. Uko kunali kukumbukira zimene anali ankadikira "Mfumukazi Maria". Model ndi mu m'nyumbayi Nakhimov panyanja mtsogoleri dzikolakwathu - m'dera Smolensk. Wina Kamangidwe mwaluso anaphedwa - mwaunyinji - decorates kukhudzana Nikolaev Museum wa Shipbuilding ndi zombo za mbiri.