Mwachidule yonena za Gorky, yomwe ndi nkhani ya ulemu

Mu 1869, March 14, mu Nizhny Novgorod anabadwa wolemba, amene alias - limakhulupirira Gorky. Panopa ndi dzina la Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov.

Gorky: yonena, mwachidule mbiri ya moyo wa munthu chidwi

Iye anataya makolo ake oyambirira, choncho ubwana wanga wonse ndi mnyamata anakhala ndi agogo ake Kashirinym Vasiliem. agogo ake anamwalira pamene Alex zaka 19, kenako wolemba tsogolo anapita kupita ku Russia, pofuna kupeza mfundo kulenga nkhani zosangalatsa.

wolemba ubwana

Wambiri ya limakhulupirira Gorky, komanso moyo, ndi zovuta. Pambuyo kulembetsa mu sukulu, patatha zaka 2, anakakamizika kusiya. Ichi ndi chifukwa imfa ya amayi ndi kugwa kwathunthu kwa agogo ake. Kenako, wolemba tsogolo anakhala yokonza nsapato ntchito yomwe zojambula ndi kufufuza iconography. Mu zaka wotsatira, zoyesayesa zonse kuti ubwererenso ku sukulu inalephereka. Wopitiriza kulephera mu moyo pafupifupi anatsogolera chakuti pafupi anadzipha yekha. Wambiri ya limakhulupirira Gorky unyamata wake ndipo amalankhula za kufunika kwa kukhala mumamva. Kwa zaka waona kwambiri kuyenda ndi ntchito m'madera osiyana kwambiri.

Mu zaka za akungoyendayenda ndipo akuyendayenda, iye anali wokhoza kuti adziwane bwino ndi wolemba Korolenko, amene anathandiza kusintha ntchito ya M. Gorky. Nkhani yoyamba Alexei anaonekera mu nyuzipepala "Caucasus", icho chinali kutchedwa "Makar Chudra". Choncho 24, wolemba anadzatchedwa kuti anthu pansi pa pseudonym wa limakhulupirira Gorky.

Udindo wa V. Korolenko mu moyo wolembayo

Kuyambira 1892 yonena za Gorky chinayamba zambiri bwino. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wachiwiri wake wamkulu ndi Mlangizi anali Korolenko. Iye anathandiza kufalitsa nkhani wotsatira wa limakhulupirira. Kuti Vladimir Galaktionovich anamupatsa malangizo ndi kukauza wolemba m'nyumba zosiyanasiyana yosindikiza. Kuyambira zaka 1893 kuti 1895 linasindikizidwa nkhani zoposa zisanu ndi ziwiri Gorky. Onse anali woyamba kusindikizidwa mu Volga atolankhani.

Pambuyo buku la yonena za nkhani M. Gorky analandira chitukuko latsopano: anapita ntchito zonse mu "Samara nyuzipepala" imene inafalitsidwa tsiku mu gulu "njira." Nazi basi cholembera dzina lalembedwa Jegudiel mauka. Buku loyamba ( "Essays ndi Nkhani"), zomwe zinalembedwa mu mabuku awiri, linasindikizidwa pamene limakhulupirira anali kale ndi zaka 30. Ndipo iye ankakonda otsutsa, kotero Gorky anayamba kulemba "Foma Gordeyev" buku. Pa nthawi imeneyo anakhala wolemba ankadziwa kuti iye anazindikira kuti imodzi yabwino ndi odziwika olemba a nthawi.

Kenako Gorky analowa sewero ndipo analemba awiri a masewero otchuka - "Afilisti" ndi "kuya wotsika" omwe analandira bwino waukulu modabwitsa, koma pa nthawi yomweyo anachititsa maonekedwe a anthu odana ndi boma. Zowawa mobwerezabwereza anamangidwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku m'ndende, iye anali mmodzi wa ophunzira achangu mu gulu chosintha. Mu 1905, mlembi anali atamangidwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti adayitana anthu kulanda boma. Koma anamasulidwa chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa anthu. Chimodzi mwa "zankhanza" wa Gorky ndi buku "Amayi," lomwe linalembedwa mu 1906, pakati pa zisinthe.

Pambuyo kufalitsa nkhani limakhulupirira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri anakhala mu Europe. Pambuyo pake, mu 1913, iye anabwerera ku Russia ndipo analemba zambiri za ntchito chidwi. Zitasintha, ntchito yake anavula. Kuyambira 1934 mpaka 1936 mwambi wakale Gorky Nineve Union wa Writers ya Soviet Union. Wolemba anafa zaka 68, nakhala mwachilungamo olemera ndi chidwi moyo.