Elena Chukovskaya: biography, moyo waumwini, banja, maliro

Elena Tsukarevna Chukovskaya adapeza mbiri yotchuka ndi wolemba zamatsenga. Moyo wake unakhudzidwa ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, perestroika ndi zina zovuta kwambiri m'mbiri ya Russia.

Ubwana wakhanda

Pa August 6, 1931, mwana wamkazi anabadwira m'banja la Kaisara Samoilovich Volpe ndi Lydia Korneyevna Chukovskaya, yemwe ankatchedwa Elena. Patapita zaka zingapo kuchokera pamene makolo anga anabadwa, makolo anga anasudzulana, nthawi yomweyo amayi anga anakwatira Matvey Bronstein.

Elena anabadwira ku Leningrad. Komabe, ali mwana akadakali wamng'ono mu mzinda uno. Mu 1937, katswiri wina wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wa Soviet anamangidwa, pambuyo pa chiyeso chaching'ono chilango chake chinaphedwa. Ndondomeko ya chipani chokhudza anthu omwe anapezeka ndi mlandu inatsimikizira kuti akhoza kukhala achibale komanso achibale, makamaka amayi a Elena. Ndicho chifukwa Lydia Korneyevna Chukovskaya anasiya kuchoka ku Leningrad ndipo anapita kukakhala ndi bambo ake Korney Chukovsky.

Moyo ku Tashkent

Pa nthawi ya nkhondo, Elena Tsezarevna, pamodzi ndi amayi ake, anathamangitsidwa ku Tashkent nthawi yomweyo. Pamodzi ndi iwo msuweniyo amapitanso.

Zaka za ophunzira

Monga mndandanda waukulu wa ntchito, Elena akusankha zamagetsi ndipo nkhondo itatha mu 1948 analowa mu dipatimenti ya chemistry ya State Institute ku Moscow. Panthawiyi, agogo ake agwira ntchito pamalopo a "Chukokkala", omwe amadwala ndi mdzukulu.

Anali agogo aamuna omwe anali ndi mphamvu zambiri pazolemba zam'tsogolo. M'buku lake laumwini Korney Chukovsky adanena kuti mdzukulu wake akukonzekera bwino ndipo akuwonekeratu zabwino ndi zoipa.

Ntchito Zophunzitsa

Ataphunzira zaka 6, Elena Chukovskaya, yemwe banja lake linakumana ndi zovuta, anamaliza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite mu 1954. Pafupifupi pomwepo adatumizidwa ku Institute Institute of Organoelement Compounds, komwe adagwira ntchito mpaka 1987.

Kwa nthawi yake yonse, adadziwonetsa yekha ngati katswiri wamagetsi. Motsogoleredwa ndi R. Kh Freidlinoy mu 1962, Chukovskaya ankateteza mfundo zake zokhudzana ndi kupeza sayansi ya sayansi ya sayansi ya sayansi.

Panthawi yopititsa patsogolo ntchito, ntchito yambiri ya sayansi yogwiritsira ntchito zamoyo zapangidwe, Alain anakhala woyanjana nawo.

Kusankhidwa kwa Sukulu ya Chemistry

Mu imodzi mwa zokambirana zake Elena Chukovskaya adawuza za momwe adakhalira wamagetsi. Malingana ndi iye, chisankhocho chinali chachikulu kwambiri. Ankagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti sukuluyo inatha mu 1949 - nthawi yovuta kwa anthu. Mavuto ambiri omwe amayi ake ndi agogo ake aamuna anakumana nawo, omwe adathamangitsidwa kumadera onse, ndipo zolembedwa zawo sizinafalitsidwe. Zomwe zikuchitika panopa zinayambitsa kusankha ntchito yothandiza.

Kwa Elena, ntchito ya agogo ake aamuna "Chukokkala" yafadi. Pambuyo imfa ya wolembayo ndi cholowa cha almanac kuti nyumba yosindikizira "Art" inamuyang'ana, ndipo kukonzekera kwa ntchitoyi kunayamba kufalitsidwa. Panthawiyo, ntchito yophunzitsa mabuku inayamba kukondedwa kwambiri: katswiri wa zamagetsi anayamba kugwira ntchito ndi zolemba ndi zolemba, kubwezeretsa ntchito. Pa nthawi imeneyi adadziwana ndi Solzhenitsyn. Kwa nthawi yambiri atatulutsidwa, Alexander Isaevich anakhala koyamba m'nyumba, ndikukhala m'nyumba ya Chukovsky.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti m'moyo wa agogo ake a Elena Chukovskaya sankachita nawo zinthu. Pambuyo pa cholowa chake, adayesetsa kuti apitirize kukhala ndi moyo kuti asungidwe ndi kusindikiza. Zambiri za odzudzula mabuku adalandiridwa panthawi yofalitsa ndi kudzifalitsa ntchito za Solzhenitsyn, yemwe anali kukhala ku Ryazan. Ngakhale poopsezedwa kuti amangidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa m'dzikoli, ntchitoyi inasindikizidwa payekha ndipo imafalitsidwa mobisa ku likulu ndi mizinda ina ya USSR.

Wotsutsa mwatsatanetsatane

Ngakhale kulimbika kwakukulu mu malo odziwa zamagetsi, komanso ntchito yogwira ntchito, Elena Chukovskaya amasamalira kwambiri mabuku. Monga tanenera kale, pamene anali mwana adakopedwa ndi agogo ake aamuna, anapanga chikondi cha Elena kuti apeze mabuku osiyanasiyana.

Pambuyo pokhala ndi Solzhenitsyn ndi ntchito zake, Elena Chukovskaya amayamba kumuthandiza zosiyanasiyana. Iwo anayamba kuyankhulana kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 1960 ndipo anapitirizabe ngakhale atathamangitsidwa Solzhenitsyn kuchokera ku USSR.

Solzhenitsyn za Elena Tsezarevna Chukovskaya

Mu nkhaniyi "Mwana wang'ombe wokhala ndi oak anali kudya," Solzhenitsyn mu gawo lina lotchedwa "Invisible" analankhula za kuthandizidwa kwa anthu osiyanasiyana m'nthawi yovuta. Mu gawo lino, akukamba za ubale wake ndi Elena pa nthawi yomwe anakhala ku USSR poopa kuti amangidwa.

Elena Chukovskaya, yemwe anali ndi katswiri wa zamagetsi, yemwe anali ndi mbiri yosawerengeka, sankapanda malire, anadutsa mapepala, anakonza misonkhano ndi anthu abwino, anafunsa mboni zosiyanasiyana kuti adziwe zomwe boma silinagwirizane ndi Solzhenitsyn, ndipo analembanso mabuku asanu mkati mwa zaka zitatu. Malingana ndi wolembayo, adali wokonzeka kuti amumange, zomwe zikhoza kuwonetsedwa muzoyankhulana zake zonse, koma palibe chomwe chinkawopa. Akadzamangidwa, adadzikonzeratu yekha khalidwe labwino, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa mfundo yakuti chinthu chachikulu sichiyenera kusokonezeka mu umboni ndikulephera kukana. M'nkhaniyi tazindikira kuti, ngati agwidwa, Elena, ngati chifukwa chothandizira, angasonyeze kuti akuthandizira mabuku a Chirasha.

Chokondweretsa ndi chakuti iwo sanagwirizane pazinthu zambiri, koma ngakhale Chukovskaya iyi inathandiza Solzhenitsyn nthawi iliyonse yomwe ikhoza.

Imfa ya KI Chukovsky

KI Chukovsky anamwalira mu 1968. Ufulu wonse wa zolemba ndi zolemba zomwe adazipeza ndi mwana wake ndi mdzukulu wake. Komabe, ngakhale kusamutsidwa kwa ufulu, mavuto ochuluka omwe olandira cholowa anali nawo ndi "Chukokkaly", zomwe Elena adachita pazaka za ophunzira. Kope loyambirira linamasulidwa mu 1979, ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka 90 zokha za almanac zinatulutsidwa mokwanira.

Mbiri ya kuyesetsa kwa kabukuka kunakokedwa kwa zaka zambiri. Nthawiyi inali yoperekedwa ku nkhaniyi "Kukumbukira za Chukokkala." Zimasonyeza momwe anthu omwe adayandikira mlembiyo m'zaka zake zapitazi adayesa kutsutsa ufulu wa almanac ndi chisankho cha Chukovsky kuti apereke ntchito ya mwana wake ndi mdzukulu wake.

Nyumba-Museum ya Korney Chukovsky

Peredelkino, kumene wolemba wa "Chukokkaly" ankakhala, nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungirako moyo wake ndi ntchito yake inalengedwa. Pa nthawi ya imfa ndi kupitirira, akuluakulu a boma sanamvere chidwi cha anthu kuti asunge ntchito ya wolembayo komanso mbiri yake, koma mdzukulu wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi anachita khama kwambiri kuti atsegule nyumba yosungiramo nyumbayo. Ngakhale tsopano, atamwalira mdzukulu wake, akupitiriza kugwira ntchito.

Mitu yoyamba inali mdzukulu ndi Klara Izrailevna Lozovskaya - mlembi wa wolembayo.

Mu 1996, amayi a Elena Tsezarevna Chukovskaya amafa. Atangomwalira, akuyamba kugwira ntchito yake yosungiramo zinthu komanso kusindikiza ntchito. Izi zimathandiza Zh Khavkin.

Mabuku a Elena Tseksarevna Chukovskaya

Ntchito zotchuka kwambiri zomwe zinayamba kusindikizidwa kuyambira 1974 ndi izi:

1. "Kubwerera ku Solzhenitsyn kukhala nzika ya USSR". Kopelo kanatulutsidwa mu 1988. Zimachokera pa kulankhulana kwaumwini ndi wolemba, kuyesa khalidwe lake ndi maonekedwe ake.
2. Kulemba nkhani za Solzhenitsyn, zomwe zinalembedwa pamodzi ndi Vladimir Gloriser. Msonkhano wakuti "Mawu Amathyola Njira Yake" inatulutsidwa mu 1998.
3. Zikumbukiro za Boris Pasternak (1988).

Monga taonera kale, moyo wa Chukovskaya unakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuyankhulana ndi Solzhenitsyn. Izi zikuwonetsedwa mu ntchito yake yolenga.

Nthawi zambiri m'zaka zapitazi za moyo wake adapereka ndikukonzekera ndikufalitsa ntchito zomwe amayi ake ndi agogo ake adalemba. Malingaliro ake olemekezeka ku zolembazo anatsogolera kufalitsidwa kwa ntchito zotere monga "Poet House", "Fufuzani", "Diary" ndi Korney Chukovsky, komanso mauthenga a pakati pa bambo ndi mwana wamkazi, omwe akukhudza ntchito yolenga.

Ntchito zambiri zinasindikizidwa, zomwe zinali ndemanga ku chidziwitso cha achibale awo. Kuti mumvetse ntchito zina, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yomwe adalemba.

Elena Chukovskaya: moyo waumwini

Pafupi moyo waumwini wa Elena Tseksarevna Chukovskaya, pafupifupi chilichonse chimadziwika. Mafunso onse omwe adapereka m'zaka zapitazo za moyo wake adalumikizidwa ndi ntchito yake ngati wolemba. Elena Tsezarevna Chukovskaya, yemwe moyo wake waumwini umaphimbidwa ndi chophimba chachinsinsi, pambuyo pa imfa ya agogo ake ndi amayi ake, anagwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe anachita pofuna kubwezeretsa zolemba za banja. Amadziwika kuti alibe mwana, sanakwatirane.

Elena Chukovskaya: maliro

Elena Tsezarevna anamwalira pa January 3, 2015 ku Moscow ali ndi zaka 83. Anamuika m'manda ku Peredelkino Manda, pafupi ndi manda a amayi, agogo ndi agogo ake. Kuphwanyidwa kunagwa pa holide ya Khirisimasi ya Orthodox, mwambowu unakonzedwa mu Nyumba ya Russia ku Mayiko. Ngakhale ndi Solzhenitsyn, Elena sanagwirizane pa nkhani zokhudza chikhulupiriro. Mwina, kapena chifukwa cha holide ya Orthodox, panalibe maliro a mpingo.