Kodi mfundo yaikulu ndi yotani pa ntchito ya firiji ndi firiji?

Dziko lamakono liri lovuta kulingalira popanda zopindulitsa za sayansi ndi zamakono patsogolo ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko. Chifukwa cha zofukulidwa za sayansi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu inayamba kupezeka kwa anthu, zomwe zimapindulitsa anthu amasiku ano. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zowonongeka kumeneku chinali kupangidwa ndi firiji mu 1910 ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya ku France dzina lake Marcel Odifren.

Mfundo ya firijiyi imachokera ku zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimatulutsa madzi ndi madzi, zomwe zimafotokozedwa motere: Pampu yotentha ya firiji imapereka mphamvu yotentha kuchokera ku chipinda chakumtunda kupita kunja, kumene imatenthetsa ndikupita kumalo akunja. Gesi yozizira, yomwe imatulutsa mchere, SF6 kapena ammonia, imayambitsa njira, chifukwa cha kuzizira kumeneku.

Kuti athe kukwanitsa kutentha kwambiri, malo ambiri otentha ndi ozizira amafunika kuti pakhale chipsyinjo chachikulu . Mafiriji amasiku ano, izi sizili bwino nthawi zonse, kotero kuti pakhale kukakamizidwa koyenera, compressors amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuti compress and pump frigorous vapor, osati chifukwa chokha, komanso kutentha kwa madzi ozizira. Choncho, mfundo za firiji zimayambira pa malamulo oyambirira a sayansi.

Refrigeration compressors ndi awa:

- piritsi;

Pistoni;

Mtundu wa centrifugal.

Zomalizazi ndizo zogwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mitengo yamakono yowonjezera mafakitale. Kuonjezera apo, mufiriji ndi firiji zimakhala ndi makina osungunula, omwe apangidwa kutembenuza nthunzi mu madzi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo.

Kawirikawiri, mfundo ya firiji imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati kupanga kokha firiji m'malo osiyanasiyana, komanso mazira ozizira kwambiri, chifukwa pokonzanso vutoli muzitsulo zimatha kupeza kutentha kofunikira kwa chilengedwe cha mkati. Pamene compressor ikugwira ntchito, ozizira amadutsa pansi pazipsinjo zapamwamba podutsa mpweya wotsekemera ndipo amalowa m'chipinda cha evaporator, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu, madziwo amatembenukira nthawi yomweyo. Pachilengedwe ichi , friji, chifukwa cha katundu wake, imachotsa kutentha kwa makoma a evaporator, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mkati mwa chipinda cham'firiji chizizizira pang'ono.

Mfundo ya firiji yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka 100, ndi malo atsopano ndi abwino chaka chilichonse. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zatsopano zomwe zakhala zikuchitika m'munda uno ndizochokera ku thermoelectric friji zomera, momwe Peltier amagwiritsira ntchito. Zotsatira zake zimachokera ku maonekedwe a kutentha kwa nthawi yomwe kutentha kwachitika, chifukwa cha zomwe zimatheka kukwaniritsa kutentha kwa chilengedwe cha mkati mwa firiji. Ngakhale kuti asayansi uyu adapeza malowa a magetsi nthawi yayitali, mpaka nthawi imeneyo, zipinda zotenthazi sizinalandire. Kawirikawiri ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pamoto ozizira, madzi ozizira ophikira komanso matumba a firiji, komabe, chifukwa cha mtengo wotentha wa thermoelectric zinthu zowonongeka, mpaka posachedwa sizinali zachilendo.

Mfundo yamakono ya firijiyi ikulola kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ozizira mafakitale ndi mafakitale ozizira m'makampani, komanso m'masitolo ozizira ndi malo osungira katundu. N'zovuta kufotokozera kufunika kwa kupezeka kwa lamulo lachiwiri la thermodynamics, chifukwa popanda izo sizikanatheka kuchita ntchito zonse zamakono zamakono. Choncho, mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito frijiyi ndiyo maziko a makonzedwe amasiku ano ozizira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafakitale komanso apanyumba.