Kodi malo okwera kumtunda ndi chiyani? Zonalination Zonality of Eurasia

Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amakumbukira kuchokera pulogalamu ya sukulu kuti malo okwera kwambiri ndi otani. Lingaliro limeneli limafotokoza kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka nyengo, mapangidwe opanga mpumulo, maonekedwe a dothi, komanso zinyama ndi zinyama. Koma chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo, monga chidziwitso chosamveka ponena za chigawo chimodzi, chiwonetsero chokhazikika cha malochi chimadziwika ndi magawo omwe amadziwika bwino: nyengo ndi geomorphological.

Zamasamba ndi zigawo zina zomwe zimapanga malo okwera pamwamba

Ngakhale kuti zamasamba (chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zonse ndikugawidwa m'madera) sizikuwonetseratu mkhalidwe wamakono wokwanira wamakono chifukwa cha zifukwa zambiri, sikoyenera kuchepetsa kufunika kwake pakupanga lingaliro la chomwe chiri chokhazikika.

Pachifukwa ichi, mgwirizanowu wokhudzana ndi malo okhala pamtunda wosiyana siyana umatengedwa kuti ndi ovomerezeka komanso wachilengedwe. Malingana ndi makhalidwe a zigawo zikuluzikulu - zomera, zolemba za nthaka, nyengo, zinyama, zachilengedwe zambiri, malowa akhoza kugawa m'madera akummwera. Kwa mapiri osiyanasiyana, iwo ndi osiyana kwambiri. Makamaka, zigawo zapamwamba za mapiri a Ural zidzakhala zosiyana kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba wa Tibet. Pofuna kugawana bwino malo ndi malo molondola, m'pofunika kuzindikira kuti kusintha kwakukulu kumasinthidwa.

Zifukwa za malo okwezeka kwambiri

Poyerekeza ndi zigwa, m'dera lamapiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yapamwamba kwambiri - 2-5 nthawi. Koma ndi chifukwa chanji chomwe chimakhala "chokwezeka" m'madera akumapiri?

Zinthu zazikulu ndi mapiri a mapiri ndi malo awo. Zamoyo zachilengedwe zimasiyana mofanana ndi poyenda m'chigwa kuchokera kum'mwera kupita kumpoto. Komabe, posamukira kudera lamapiri, kusintha kumeneku sikutheka ndipo kumachitika kumtunda.

Mabotolo apamwamba kwambiri ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu chomwe chilipo m'madera otentha. Mu mzere wa polar polar, mapiri a kutalika komweko ali ndi ziwerengero zochepa zoterezi.

Nyengo yamapiri

Zithunzi za m'mapiri zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo. Mabotolo onse okwera mapiri amaphimba mapiri kumbali zonse, ngakhale kuti matayala omwe ali pamtunda wosiyana ndi omwe sali ofanana. Pamunsi mwa mapiri, nyengo imakhala ngati nyengo ya nyengo ya zigwa zapafupi. Pamwamba pamakhala tiers okhala ndi zosavuta, komanso nyengo yovuta. Pamwamba ndi chigawo cha permafrost ndi chisanu. Ndipo, monga, pafupi ndi Dzuwa - imodzi, mwachiphunzitso, imakhala yotentha, koma kwenikweni si choncho.

Ngakhale zosiyana zimapezeka. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti chigawo cha high-altitude zonation si chinthu chokhachokha, ndipo chimadalira zifukwa zambiri. Ku Siberia kuli malo omwe nyengo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamapopu kusiyana ndi pamapiri a mapiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya m'mabasi pakati pa mapiri.

Kodi ndi chiani chomwe chimasonyeza kuti dziko la Eurasia ndilopamwamba kwambiri?

Mapiri akufupi ndikumwera, amamtundu wambiri ndi amitundu osiyanasiyana. Ural ndi imodzi mwa mapiri odziwika kwambiri mapiri.

Kum'mwera, mapiri a Ural ali ndi zigawo zambiri kuposa kumpoto, ngakhale kuti mapiri akum'mwera ndi otsika. Kumtunda kwa kumpoto kuli kope la mapiri chabe.

Nyanja ya Black Sea ya Caucasus ndi dera la Amuro-Sakhalin

Kuwonjezera apo, kusiyana kwa mabotolo pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Black Sea ya Caucasus. Mphindi imodzi yokha ya msewu ndi galimoto mungathe kuchoka ku gombe la Sochi kumadera otchedwa subalpine a Western Caucasus.

M'dera la Amuro-Sakhalin, mapiri onse ali ndi chikhalidwe chimodzimodzi - mawonekedwe a malo omwe amatha. Iwo agawidwa mu:

• Tundra yamapiri;
• Podgoltsovuyu - yodzaza ndi mkungudza wamphesa, nkhalango zosawerengeka za ayan spruce, komanso birch ya miyala yosiyanasiyana.

Ku South Sikhote-Alin pali makhalidwe onse omwe amapezeka kumalo okwera a Amur.

Zina mwazigawozi ndi izi: Mphepete mwa mapiri (mitengo ya mkungudza yomwe ili ndi masamba akuluakulu, komanso dothi ndi nyengo yomwe imapangidwa ndi iwo), lamba lakumtunda (nkhalango za mdima wamtundu wa mdima komanso malo omwe amamera ) Stone birch), goltsovaya imadzivulaza yokha, yomwe ndi tundra yomwe ili yoyera.

Ngati nyengo imakhala yowonjezereka, ndiye kuti nkhalango zowonjezereka zimaphatikizidwa ku ndondomeko iyi. M'mapiri a kumadzulo a South Sikhote-Alin pali lamba la mapiri, mapulasi a podgoltsev (kapena nkhalango zamapiri), mchenga wa mitengo ya birch, lamba la nkhalango za mitengo ya mkungudza (nkhalango yamkungudza), lamba la nkhalango zamatabwa komanso lamba wa nkhalango .

Kudalira malire a nkhalango ndi mapiri a phirilo

Pakadali pano, deta yambiri yasonkhanitsa momwe malire akum'mwera a Southern Sikhote-Alin akuyendera. Matalikidwe a mapiri omwe amapangidwa ndi malire apamwamba a m'nkhalango pamapiri ena ndi mapiri otsetsereka, amatha kukhala ndi miyezo yambiri yokwanira ndipo amafika mamita opitirira 300 pambali.

Chizoloŵezichi chikudziwika bwino: ndi kuwonjezeka kwa pamwamba, pamwamba pamtunda wa nkhalango imasunthira mmwamba (zotsatira za kutalika kwa mzere). Komabe, ngakhale kuti massifs mapiri ali patali kuchokera makilomita 15 mpaka 105 kuchokera ku nyanja, chiwerengero pakati pa kutalika kwa malire apamwamba a nkhalango ndi msonkhanowu ndi chimodzimodzi pamtunda uliwonse. Chotsatira chotero sichiri chomveka ndipo tikuyembekeza, ndipo, chotero, chimafuna kufotokoza.

Zopanda nzeru zimasonyeza kuti chiwerengerochi chimatsutsa kutsimikizira kwa mphamvu yaikulu ya nyanja pa malo a malire apamwamba a nkhalango. Kuti zikhale molondola, m'malire a Southern Sikhote-Alin, mphamvu ya nyanja imamveka pamabande apamwamba omwe ali ndi mphamvu zofanana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti malo okwera kwambiri a Eurasia sadalira kwambiri kukhalapo kwa nyanja.

Apo ayi, kutalika kwa mapiri a m'mphepete mwa nyanja (Hualaza-Litovka, Pidan-Livadia, Tavaysa-Brusnichnaya) sayenera kukhala yaikulu kwambiri. Zimakhudza zotsatira pa malo apamwamba a nkhalango kutalika kwa mapiri okha. Malingana ndi khalidweli, mtambo wokhawokha ndi wosiyana kwambiri, pamwamba pa Southern Sikhote-Alin.

Pali njira ziwiri zofotokozera chodabwitsa ichi: kaya malowa ndi otalika kwambiri moti kutentha kwake, komwe kumayambira malire a nkhalango, kwafika pamtunda kwambiri m'deralo, kapena zomera zomwe zimachokera ku chikhalidwe chofanana ndi nyengo sizinafanane nazo. Zomwe zimapangidwira m'mapiri okwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapezeka m'phiri la Brusnichnaya, zimakhalanso pamwamba pa mapiri a Southern and Middle Sikhote-Alin, omwe amapezeka m'mapiri a nkhalango zam'mapiri.

Zithunzi zosiyana ndizopadera

Pofuna kuyankha funsoli, kodi ndi chiani chomwe chiri chokhazikitsidwa pamtunda, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti ichi ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe sichimvera malamulo onse. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimabweretsa chitukuko cha nyengo, mtundu wa zomera ndi zinyama. Kudziwa m'dera lino ndi chifukwa cha maphunziro ambiri. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha dziko kumakhudza kusintha kwa usana ndi usiku, komanso nyengo ya nyengo. Zomwe zili pamwambazi, sizinatanthauzeni momveka bwino kuti malo okwera kwambiri ndi otani. Mwachidule, izi ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mapiri.