Mitundu ya mavairasi. Kodi mavairasi anthu?

Mavairasi zingachititse zosiyanasiyana matenda malingana ndi mtundu wa matenda ndi makhalidwe a zimakhala ndi kachilombo. Kodi mavairasi anthu? Iwo ndiwo ambiri, ndi miyoyo yawo anthu mwanjira anakumana ndi wothandizila ambiri opatsirana. matenda oyamba ndi iwo amakhala ku zimakhalanso mosavuta kusamutsidwa kwa wakupha. Nthawi zambiri, mu dziko pali mavairasi chopatsa chimfine, chimfine, matenda matumbo ndi chiwindi.

Mavairasi ndi chimfine

Chimfine (monga kunyumba amatchedwa matenda opatsirana, monga fuluwenza, SARS, laryngitis, pharyngitis) mpaka pano za matenda ambiri anthu. Mu US yekha chaka, pafupifupi biliyoni ndi milandu SARS. Atamwa matenda a nembanemba mucous ya njira za m'mphuno zikubweretsa chimfine, maso madzi, sneezing ndi zilonda zapakhosi. matenda akupitiriza milungu limodzi kapena awiri. Powerengera, oposa 200 kudziwika mitundu kungachititse kuti chimfine. Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya mavairasi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri SARS? Izi ndi zosiyana rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, enterovirus, orthomyxovirus, paramyxovirus, ndi kupuma syncytial HIV.

Kachiromboka fuluwenza

Fuluwenza chimayambitsa mitundu itatu ya tizilombo. Mitundu A ndi B kumayambitsa matenda nyengo khalidwe kwa nyengo kuyambira ndi yophukira mochedwa ndi oyambirira masika kutha. C HIV matenda monga zochepa lililonse ndipo nthawi zambiri amayambitsa matenda mu mawonekedwe wofatsa. Zizindikiro chimfine monga thupi zopweteka, malungo, kutopa, kupweteka kwa mutu, zilonda zapakhosi, chifuwa youma, ndi amphuno kuchulukana. Katemera ndi fuluwenza ndi chodzitetezera ndi mitundu tizilombo A ndi B.

mavairasi enteric

Kodi mavairasi mu dongosolo m'mimba ndi zomwe zizindikiro zawo khalidwe? Tizilombo wa mtundu uwu kulowa m'mimba ndi minofu m'mimba, kuchititsa gastroenteritis tizilombo. Zizindikiro mwachizolowezi monga kupweteka m'mimba, kupotokola, kutsekula m'mimba, kunyansidwa ndi kusanza. Ana, kuphatikizapo ana, chifukwa gastroenteritis zambiri akutumikira monga rotavirus. matenda Izi kuwawonetsera monga malungo, kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba madzi. Norovirus si zochepa wamba toyambitsa matenda opatsirana zokhudza ana ndi akulu omwe. Komabe, odwala wa ang'ono pafupifupi nthawi zonse chogwidwa ndi chizindikiro cha matenda monga kutsekula m'mimba, pamene akuluakulu ambiri kulimbikira kusanza. Mwa odziwika mavairasi ena enteric angatchedwe ta adenovirus Sapoviruses ndi astroviruses.

chiwindi mavairasi

wothandizila opatsirana a mitundu bwanji chiwindi, kudzipheralo kutupa. Science amadziwa mavairasi asanu chifukwa chiwindi; Anawatcha zochokera zilembo za alifabeti kuchokera A kuti E. Ngati mukufuna, kodi chiwindi mavairasi mu dziko akupangidwa malinga ndi kafukufuku zowerengera m'mayiko ndi zomangamanga bwino anayamba ndi mankhwala chogwidwa ndi mitundu A, B ndi C. The chiwindi HIV A akulowa mu thupi ndi chimbudzi chakudya kapena madzi zakhudzana ndi ndowe. Iye ndi yanthaŵi mwachidule chiwindi. Tizilombo ta mtundu B zingachititse matenda pachimake kapena aakulu chiwindi. Tizilombo zimapezeka magazi ndi umuna. Milandu zambiri za matenda a chiwindi B monga zogonana, kugawana singano yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu chomwa mankhwalawa, kufala kwa HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pa mimba ndi kubereka. mtundu C HIV kufalikira kupyolera mukulumikizana ndi magazi wodwalayo. syringes Reusable ndi anthu osiyanasiyana ntchito mankhwala - njira yofala HIV. The C chiwindi, kawirikawiri amakhala aakulu, chithandizo Komabe, okwanira nthawi zambiri kuthetsa matenda.

mavairasi ena

Kodi mavairasi munthu wina kuposa pamwamba? Ngati inu kusindikiza mndandanda wonse wa mayina adzakhala ndi kufalitsa mndandanda wa mabuku angapo. Komanso, chaka chilichonse asayansi kupeza mitundu yatsopano ya ndigwira osadziwika. Ena mitundu n'zochepa kwambiri, koma ndi oopsa kwambiri chifukwa zomwe amapha. Mwachitsanzo, Ebola kapena matenda a chiwewe. tizilombo tina ndi zachilendo ndipo ndi yaikulu chifukwa chachikulu chiwerengero cha matenda. Anthu amene ali ndi chidwi mtundu wa mavairasi ndi mwamuna, monga kutsegula aliyense Buku otchuka zachipatala. Kotero, chitsanzo chabwino cha mtundu wamba matenda ndi nsungu mavairasi amene amayambitsa chosavuta (kuwira), nsungu labialis, nsungu maliseche, matenda mononucleosis, varicella, nsungu zoster ndi matenda ena ambiri. papillomavirus anthu si maonekedwe a njerewere wamba pa khungu, komanso kukula kwa khansa khomo lachiberekero.

Amene mavairasi anthu posachedwapa? Matenda a mitundu zatsopano - HIV, aakulu pachimake kupuma matenda (SARS) ndi Middle East kupuma matenda (a MERS coronavirus) - kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu popeza kuti tsiku palibe mankhwala ogwira a matenda amenewa.

diagnostics

Matenda a matenda tizilombo makamaka zochokera kuona chachikulu mankhwala ndi mankhwala mbiri kusanthula. Mwachitsanzo, matenda, monga chimfine, n'zosavuta zokwanira kuzindikira, anthu ambiri bwino mawonetseredwe ake. Kupezeka kwa matenda ena Komabe, amafuna maphunziro matenda.

Mitundu ya mayesero matenda kwa tizilombo

Popeza yankho la funso loti, kodi mavairasi anthu kumatanthauza zikwi mayankho, nthawi zina si kokwanira kufufuza mtima ndi kuphunzira mbiri yake. Zikatero, madokotala mankhwala limodzi kapena angapo maphunziro zotsatirazi:

• MAGAZI kukayendera pamaso pa akupha tizilombo kapena antigens kwa kudziwika mwachindunji;
• kulima mbali zikuluzikulu za magazi, madzi a m'thupi ndi zipangizo zina yotsatira kuchokera zinkakhala m'dera;
• lumbar puncture yoganizira za madzimadzi cerebrospinal;
• polymerase unyolo anachita njira kulenga makope angapo a tizilombo zinthu zachibadwa zambiri mofulumira ndi zolondola chizindikiritso cha HIV;
• Maginito kumveka kulingalira kwa kudziwika kutupa mu lobes a zosatha ubongo.

zizindikiro

Kodi mavairasi anthu? mndandanda ndi amazipanga ambiri, koma zizindikiro matenda ambiri akhoza bungwe ncholinga kukafola mndandanda umodzi. Choncho, zizindikiro za matenda HIV ingakhale monga iyi:

• malungo;
• ululu minofu;
• kutsokomola;
• sneezing;
• chimfine mphuno;
• kuzizira;
• m'mimba;
• kusanza;
• zotupa pa khungu;
• kumverera kufooka.

Zizindikiro More aakulu ali motere:

• stiffness mu khosi;
• madzi m'thupi;
• kupweteka;
• ziwalo za miyendo;
• disorientation;
• kupweteka kwa msana;
• imfa ya zotengeka;
• kusokonezeka kwa chikhodzodzo mkodzo ndi matumbo;
• kusinza, amene apite ndi chikomokere kapena imfa.

Infection: tizilombo toyambitsa?

Kodi mavairasi anthu? Mayina ndi chodziwikiratu kuti ndinene chinachake kwa layman, koma tiyenera kusiyanitsa matenda a mitundu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Onse mitundu ya matenda ndi mavuto a kuwonongeka kwa umoyo ndi chitukuko cha matenda osiyanasiyana. Komabe, pali kusiyana pakati pa iwo. tizilombo, akuti dzina lake limayamba ndi mmene thupi la HIV - zing'onozing'ono okhudza maselo ambiri wothandizila ndi ngakhale ang'onoang'ono kuposa mabakiteriya. Komanso, ali chipolopolo zoteteza, kutanthauza kuti n'zovuta kuwononga. HIV akulowa selo la moyo, ndipo integrates zida zake majini a matupi athu ake. tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amenewa si a ma particles amafuna maselo zachilendo kubalana. Ngati inu mukudabwa kodi mavairasi, mayina a yomwe idzatuluke m'nkhani ino, osalephera, tilongosolere inu malo zikuluzikulu za matenda. Izi mphuno, pakhosi ndi kapepala chapamwamba kupuma. tizilombo ta HIV zingachititse onse chimfine wamba ndi AIDS.

Kuyambitsa matenda mabakiteriya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ayenera kupeza mwayi mkati mwa thupi kudzera madzi oipa, mabala khungu kapena kukhudzana ndi munthu amene ali kapena zinthu zakhudzana. Chimodzi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya matenda ndi kuti mabakiteriya akhoza kulowa m'thupi kudzera kukhudzana ndi zopanda moyo, kuphatikizapo doorknobs ndi nsonga gome, ndi mavairasi - ayi. Kusiyana kwina ndi chikhalidwe cha bakiteriya kuti: bakiteriya selo ndi kuchulukana ndi magawano, pamene HIV amafa popanda mwamuna - chonyamulira. Nthawi zambiri mabakiteriya kulowa m'thupi kudzera thirakiti kupuma kapena kachigawo m'mimba. Ena matenda bakiteriya ndi opatsirana (monga Mwachitsanzo, pachimake pharyngitis - strep pakhosi).

Chifukwa cha matenda tizilombo

Funso la zimene mavairasi ndinu munthu makamaka pachimake chifukwa maselo a anthu timakhala nawo. Atadziŵa chitetezo cha HIV tinthu a akufuna kuwononga gwero la ngozi ndipo mupewe tizilombo ta yachilendo thupi.

chitetezo chokwanira adatchithisira amalola HIV mofulumira angagwirizanitse kwa maselo lilipo. A chitetezo ofooka komanso kumathandiza kuti kubalana wa HIV, mpaka thupi chitetezo sangathe kulimbana ndi tiziromboti lapansi.