Yosonkhanitsa mandala

Mandala - Mwakonza thupi limene njanjira ndi pamalo awiri ozungulira. Mbali yaikulu ndi luso mandala kupereka nkhani fano. Iwo akhoza kukhala kungoganiza ndi lenileni, Imatithandiza ndi molunjika, yafupika ndi kukula. Miyeso liniya kusintha fano malingana ndi malo zinthu.

Sinthani mandala - chiŵerengero fano liniya ndi kukula chinthu. The magnification Chinthu (K) tingasonyezere mfundo: K = u / m, mumachokera ndi mtunda kuchokera mandala kwa chinthu, ndi ndime - mtunda kuchokera mandala fanolo. The magnification Chinthu ndi muyeso miyeso mmene liniya kwa chinthu zazikulu zing'onozing'ono chithunzi chachikulu.

Mu sayansi, pali zinthu monga kutolera mandala ndi diverging. Choyamba chachikulu pakati ndi n'kakang'ono mphepete, lachiwiri - zonse m'malo mwake. magalasi The yodziwika ndi kutalika focal (ku likulu kuwala kwa chimake: pa mandala diverging, ndi zoipa, ndipo pa yosonkhanitsa - zabwino), ndi mphamvu kuwala zomwe amayezedwa diopters. Kutalika focal wa mita imodzi ndi 1 diopter. Mphamvu kuwala zimadalira kupindika radii za ozungulira pamalo mandala, ndi chuma (refractive index ilo) umene unapangidwa. Ndi reciprocal cha kutalika focal.

The yosonkhanitsa mandala ndi siyanitsa ndi kuwabalalitsa:

1. Limasonkhanitsa kuwala.

2. M'mbali pakati n'kakang'ono.

3. Ndi magulu ambiri kuwonjezera pakati pa mandala (koma m'mbali) wa prisms ndi triangular.

4. cholinga mandala (ie kufika mphambano ya cheza pambuyo refraction, yomwe ili yaikulu olamulira kuwala), ndi weniweni (osati kungoganiza), cheza intersect okha, osati kupitiriza awo.

5. Luso kusonkhanitsa cheza chochitika padziko pa nthawi ina, limene lili kutsidya lina la disolo.

6. The yosonkhanitsa mandala akhoza kutsogoleredwa ndi nkhani ndi chipani chilichonse, ndipo m'mene matabwa a adzasonkhanitsidwa, kuyambira chotero mandala ali cholinga awiri. Pa olamulira kuwala kwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo foci ili mbali zake pa mtunda focal kuchokera mandala yaikulu mfundo.

Zipangizo magalasi

• khwatsi galasi. Iwo mbali mkulu kutentha kukana ndi bandiwifi cheza ultraviolet. Monga ndi inert mankhwala ambiri;

• pakachitsulo. Nkhanizi Chili mkulu kupezeka ndi yaikulu phindu Mtheradi wa refractive index mu uthunthu wa poizoni infuraredi, Kuwonekera zonse mu osiyanasiyana owoneka a sipekitiramu ndi;

• organic ma polima. Ndi kuumba n'zotheka kulenga yotchipa magalasi aspherical, amene ntchito posachedwapa. Zofewa kukhudzana magalasi ntchito pochiza matenda a maso ndi yopangidwa ndi zisulo ndi chikhalidwe biphasic. Silikoni-gidrolievye permeability linzyblagodarya mpweya ndi mkulu hydrophilic katundu wa osakaniza angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza kwa mwezi umodzi;

• zipangizo zina.

mitundu ya magalasi

Kusonkhanitsa magalasi anawagawa mitundu 3:

• biconcave;

• plano-otukukira kunja;

• ndi concave-otukukira kunja.

magalasi kufala amagwiritsidwa ogaŵikana mitundu 3:

• biconcave;

• plano-concave;

• otukukira kunja-concave.

magalasi kungakhale yosavuta, ndipo mukhoza pamodzi kuchokera angapo - kumanga mtundu wina wa kachitidwe zovuta kuwala. Mandala dongosolo, anakonza chapatali, amene nkhwangwa lifanane amatchedwa zokha.

Ntchito magalasi

N'zofunika kupanga telesikopu, microscopes, zoyang'anira, makamera, projectors, zowoneka kuwala , etc. magalasi ndi ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a maso ngati pakufunika anthu ndi zilema masomphenya monga myopia ndi hyperopia. Komanso, limodzi yosonkhanitsa mandala ntchito ngati galasi lokulitsira.