Potr Nikolaevich Krasnov: yonena ndi ntchito

Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov - ochepa chabe m'malo, tiyenera kulingalira interweaving bwino okhwima mwambo wa khalidwe, kufotokoza ntchito yowala usilikali, ndiponso chikhalidwe kulenga, zomwe zinathandiza ake kukhala chonyamulira kudziwika wolemba. Kudzipereka zochitika usilikali ngati iye anamvetsa izo, anamutengera ku ukapolo, kumene talente yake zolembalemba zambiri.

Nkhani liwulo

Short yonena Petra Krasnova tingasonyezere mawu ochepa - anthu otchuka, ndi olimba mtima ankhondo ndi mtima, ndithudi "White kayendedwe" ndi emigration, ndi olakwika ziyenera a Anazi ndi imfa. Koma pakati yachitika izi wamagazi kwa m'ma 20, amene anatenga moyo wa anthu pa mbali zosiyana za okwatiranawo, amene reshapes limati lonse ndi anthu, aliyense wa ophunzira anayamba moyo. Ndipo mu moyo mzaka zana makumi awiri ndi mwachangu ankalola munthuyo kusankha. Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov, kusankha kamodzi, iye anakhalabe wokhulupirika mpaka mapeto.

mtengo banja

Fuko lomveka Pyotr Krasnov, amene yonena ndi zonse zochitika owala, anabadwa mu St. Petersburg mu 1869, ali otengera Don Cossack ndi a wotchuka Cossack banja Vyoshenskaya mudzi, limene lili kumpoto kwa dera Rostov. Kuwonjezera matalente cholowa kwa kubowola asilikali, banja akuwonetseredwa ndi matalente zolembalemba. Akale St. Petersburg Krasnovs mtumiki woyamba wa cholembera anakhala agogo Pyotr Nikolayevich - Ivan Ivanovich. Anamenya mu Caucasus ndi lamulo la mayunitsi Cossack ya mfumu Alonda. Krasnov agogo analemba ndakatulo, komanso mbiri ndi ethnographic, mwachitsanzo, "Grassroots ndi atakwera Cossacks," "Little Russia pa Don", "Don Cossacks mu Caucasus" ndi ena.

Atate Nikolai analimbikitsidwa ndi msilikali General mu asilikali Cossack. No zochepa wotchuka komanso anali m'badwo wachitatu. Onse abale Peter Nikolaevich anapanga mbiri. Andrei anali wotchuka wasayansi zamoyo-katswiri ndi wapaulendo. Platon Nikolaevich ntchito pa kulemba, iye anali mu zimakhalira pachibale mozungulira ndi Alexander Blok - iye anakwatira azakhali wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka Catherine Beketova-Krasnova, komanso wolemba.

zaka kuphunzira

Ndili ndi zaka 11, iye anazindikiritsidwa mu Choyamba St. Petersburg High School. Anaphunzitsidwa sitandade wachisanu, iye anapita ku usilikali mu Alexander Cadet Corps. Gawo loyamba la maphunziro asilikali anamaliza ndi udindo wa wachiwiri-anga, zaka 19, iye bwinobwino loyamba kusukulu ya Pavlovsk asilikali. zotsatira zimatheka ndi anali wanzeru kuti dzina lake adalowa mu makalata golide pa nsangalabwi slab.

Amadziwika kuti, iye anachita mu Academy ya General Wogwila, koma chifukwa patsogolo osauka wakhala mbiri yabwino kudzera ya sukulu. Koma pa zaka 39, anamaliza akapitawo apakavalo sukulu.

Chiyambi cha ntchito yake yausilikali

usilikali Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov anayamba zaka makumi awiri pamalo a mphalasa pamene anatumizidwa ku Ataman Regiment wolowa Tsarevich. Patapita chaka chimodzi, anali m'gulu Regiment lapansi. Mu 1897, mu Abyssinia (tsopano Ethiopia) zinayang'ana Russian zamtendere ntchito, ndi convoy amene ankapita ndi Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich, amene mbiri kuyambira kalekale muli malo osiyanasiyana zosowa za dziko ndi kupindika zosaneneka za zotsatira.

Patapita chaka chimodzi, anasintha zovuta bulu mumzinda kumpoto kwa Africa kupulumutsa pepala, ndiye wamng'ono zovuta njira St. Petersburg. mkulu ulendo courted mbiri yaitali ndipo anabweretsa mphoto zingapo: dongosolo la Stanislaus digiri yachiwiri, kapitawo kuwoloka nyenyezi Aitiopiya wa digirii wachitatu ndi Order ya Legiyo Ulemu wa France.

Zoyesayesa woyamba kulemba

Ntchito zake zoyamba Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov anayamba kufalitsa pa zaka 22. zopeka ndiponso zipangizo pa chiphunzitso asilikali anayamba kuoneka zonse m'manyuzipepala ndi magazini. Makamaka pakati woyamba wa ntchito zake tingaone mabuku monga "nyanja", "Ataman Platov" ndi ena. Wathera moyo wake njira kwathunthu yausilikali, ndipo ntchito zake n'zakuti anakweza mutu wa asilikali, analankhula za Don Cossacks mbali moyo. Ndipo, ndithudi, kwambiri chikondi.

zochuluka ake pa ulendo wa African tinapezanso ndakatulo luso. Atabwerera, nthawi yomweyo analemba mabuku awiri: "The Cossacks mu Africa. Diary wa Mkulu wa Russian lachifumu convoy ntchito mu Abyssinia mu 1897 - 1898gg" ". Chikondi Abyssinian ndi nkhani zina" Ndipo

Pochokera Africa, anakwatira Lydia Fedorovna GruÈneisen Russianised mwana wamkazi wa State milandu.

Service mu chisanadze chosintha Russia

Kuwonjezera nawo mwachindunji maudani, Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich, kanthawi mbiri yomwe pano, mobwerezabwereza zinthu monga nkhondo mtolankhani. M'njira imeneyi, iye nawo ndi ankhonya Kupanduka ku China, imadziwika ndi ankhonya Kupanduka kumene kunachitika ku chaka cha 1898 ndi zaka 1901. Kenako ananditumiza ku Manchuria, China, India ndi Japan kuphunzira makhalidwe a moyo wawo.

Iye zalembedwa zochitika za Chirasha Japanese atasemphana 1904 - 1905gg. Monga asilikali wakhala kupereka zizindikiro zingapo posiyanitsa: dongosolo la St. Anna wa pamlingo wachinayi ndi St. Vladimir wa pamlingo wachinayi. Mfumu Nicholas II zolemba anapeza umboni wa izo pa January 3, 1905, kumene mutu wa boma anafotokoza zimene iyeyo ndi kwambiri nkhani zosangalatsa za nkhondo. Iye anagwira ntchito ndi magazini "invalids nkhondo", "Scout" ndi ena.

Nkhondo itatha, anayamba kukula mofulumira kwambiri mu utumiki. Mu 1906 iye analandira udindo wa mkulu wa mazana Ataman Regiment, patapita chaka - Captain, kenako - M'gulu anga. Mu 1910 iye analandira udindo wa wamkulu. Patapita chaka anaikidwa analamula Siberia poyamba, ndiyeno Don Cossack Regiment.

Mu yomweyi, ndi osauka kwambiri mwachangu, ndipo ntchito yake zolembalemba. Choncho, mu nkhondo Japanese, anafalitsa buku mbiri "Chaka nkhondo. miyezi 14 pankhondoyo: Essays pa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo "ndi ntchito zina kalembedwe chomwecho mabuku kukonda dziko. Komanso, analemba ndi zinthu luso. Dziwani kuti wapanga ntchito zoposa 600 zosiyana publicist, ndipo luso ndi mbiri yakale pamaso pa October kuukira boma.

First World nkhondo ndi utasintha

Kumayambiriro kwa nkhondoyo, monga mtsogoleri wa Regiment imatumizidwa ku August 1914 ku East Prussia. Ndipo miyezi itatu kenako iye analimbikitsa ku Mulingo wa onse akuluakulu ndi nyakuonera wa Brigade Choyamba ya Don Cossack, ndiye Caucasus Native apakavalo Division. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali kupereka manja St. George. Mu May 1915, iye anali kupereka dongosolo la St. George mlingo wachinayi ntchito nkhondowo bwino m'dera wa Dniester Mtsinje, kumene adakhoza kutaya pa Austrians kumbuyo mtsinjewo. Mu 1916 iye anali kwambiri ndiwobvulazidwa.

Kuthera nthawi zonse mpaka woyamba wa February 1917, pa amadzibisa a nkhondo, mkulu Cossack, General Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich anamvera kulanda boma loyamba osokoneza ndi moyipa amayang'anitsitsa zochita za Provisional boma. Ndale, sankachita nawo. Komabe, iye anali mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa amene anathandiza dzina lake Aleksandr Kerensky Chitachitika Chisinthiko cha Bolshevik. Kamodzi manja a Bolsheviks, adathawira Don, kumene iye anatsogolera kusamvera kwa Cossacks. Monga mtsogoleri Grand Don Army analiumba mgwirizano ndi Mfumu ya Germany Wilhelm II. Koma kugonjetsedwa Germany anaonetsetsa kuti asiye lingaliro la Don-Caucasus Union. Iye anavomera kupita subordination wathunthu wa Anton Denikin, kulumikiza ndi Muzikonza Army wake. Mu 1919 Denikin, Krasnov anakakamizika kusiya chifukwa chosiyana maganizo ndi andale.

Pozindikira kuti sanalinso atagwira chirichonse mu Russia, Russia anasiya ndipo anaima Estonia mu North-Western Army General Nikolai Yudenich. Iye anakhala mtsogoleri wa asilikali, "Neva m'mphepete" nyuzipepala. mkonzi wake anali wotchuka mu Russian wolemba Alexander Kuprin.

emigration

Mu 1920 iye anasamuka ku Germany, patatha zaka zitatu anasamukira ku France. Masiku amenewo anali basi chikungofutukulika yoweyula loyamba emigration. Mumagulu osiyanasiyana ambiri alonda ochokera kunja iye ananyamula dzina "White Russia", Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich anayamba yogwira zandale ndi chikhalidwe. Iye anathandizana ndi m'ndondomeko kwa emigration Russian, kuphatikizapo Russian Union Onse-usilikali. Komanso, iye anali membala wa Bungwe la mafumu Apamwamba. Iye, makamaka, anachita mmodzi wa omwe adayambitsa "Abale Russian Choonadi". Kupita anatsogolera woukira mwakhama Soviet Russia. Komabe, patapita kuti dongosolo la unali kulamulidwa ndi boma Directorate Political (GPU) wa NKVD.

Mmodzi wa atsogoleri a White kayendedwe ankaona Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich, mabuku ake anali wotchuka kwambiri ndi lofalitsidwa mu English, French, German, Russian ndi zina zilankhulo za ku Ulaya. Kwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri yokhala mu ukapolo, iye lofalitsidwa 40 mabuku. akhoza kusiyana pakati pawo makamaka, ndi nkhambakamwa buku za Russian Bolshevik tsogolo "Pa nthula lapansi." Komanso, anafalitsa buku, ndi autobiography m'zigawo zinayi lotchedwa "Kuchokera mphungu mbendera wofiira."

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Kubwezera Ataman Pyotr Krasnov anaganiza pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndipo anathandizana ndi Anazi. Mu 1943 iye anaika lamulo Main Dipatimenti ya Cossack Mphamvu mu Germany. Nkhondo itatha, iye anagonjetsedwa British, koma iwo anachita chinthu chapadera Soviet utsogoleri asilikali. Bwalo la Soviet Russia Supreme anali kuti aphedwe mwa kupachikidwa. Iye anali ndi zaka 77.