Polemba chinenero ya chithunzi luso. Chithunzicho monga mtundu wanyimbo zaluso chabwino

Chithunzicho - mawu chiyambi French (chithunzi), kutanthauza "kusonyeza". Polemba chinenero Chithunzicho - choyimira cha luso chabwino, odzipatulira kwa kulanda chifaniziro cha munthu, komanso gulu la anthu awiri kapena atatu pa nsalu kapena pepala pepala. Chofunika kwambiri ndi anasankha wojambula kalembedwe. Mafanizo a nkhope ya munthu mu chithunzi - izo ndi chimodzi mwa pankhani zovuta kwambiri pachithunzipa. burashi mbuye ayenera kupereka makhalidwe a maonekedwe, boma maganizo, dziko lamkati la sitter lapansi. Makulidwe chimatanthauza chithunzi cha maonekedwe ake. chithunzi kungakhale theka m'litali, mibadwo, theka m'litali kapena utali wonse. Angabweretse kumafuna kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zitatu: nkhope (view kutsogolo), kutembenukira "firii kotala" malangizo mwina ndi mu mbiri. Chithunzicho monga mtundu wanyimbo zaluso chabwino, lili mwayi wopandamalire la kuzindikira maganizo luso. Choyamba, ndondomeko ndiye mwachindunji kujambula.

Mbiri ya chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo

The wamkulu kuyesa munthu m'chifanizo nkhope ali ndi zaka 27 chikwi. "Chithunzi" wakhala anapeza m'phanga pafupi ndi mzinda wa ku France Angouleme. Chithunzicho ndi mwazunguliza ndi choko autilaini, zingaoneke amatikumbutsa maonekedwe a nkhope ya munthu. Ancient wojambula zafotokozedwa mizere zikuluzikulu za maso, mphuno, pakamwa. Kenako (komanso mapanga) mu Balkans ndi Italy, anayamba kuoneka zithunzi zina bwino ndi kumatanthauza, amene chogwidwa ndi anthu lili mbiri. Ndi umunthu kulenga, anthu aluso sangakhale popanda kuti si kusiya kufufuza kulikonse. Izi zikhoza anaika miyala pakati pa munda chitsanzo chosema chokongoletsera pa makungwa mtengo, nkhope ya munthu wina, kukopedwa ndi makala pathanthwe. Mwayi zilandiridwenso zambiri zoyenera.

kuumbidwa chifaniziro

Pamene chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo zinkangokhala lakuti chosema, monga kalelo anali wojambula, kukhala bwinobwino bwezerani ndi wokhoza kupereka sewero kuwala ndi mthunzi. Nkhope chithunzichi dongo bwino anatha, choncho, mu masiku amenewo chogwidwa ndi zithunzi stucco. Luso kupenta anabwera mochedwa kwambiri, pamene anthu anazindikira kufunika kulankhulana chikhalidwe.

maliro

Zikamera wa zithunzi pafupi zimakwana limanenanso za nthawi ina, ndi zithunzi woyamba anapezeka ku madera wakale kum'mawa. Mu Aigupto boma zinachitika deification akufa. Pamene m'manda analengedwa ngati chithunzi, amene conventionally ankaona mnzake wa womwalirayo. Panali mfundo kukonzera mitembo kuti isawonongeke ndipo kenako portraiture. Mbiri ya chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo muli zitsanzo zambiri za mafano achipembedzo chikukoka, ndi chosema. Ziwerengero wakufayo anthu kukhala ofanana ku chiyambi. Ndiye kukopera munthu wakufayo pa dziko zina m'malo mwa chinyawu. Aigupto akufa m'manda ku sarcophagi, pa chivundikiro amene akuonetsedwa womwalirayo mu zonse kutalika ndi wokongola stylized nkhope. maliro izi inachitika yekha kwa amazikonda anthu otchuka. afarao ku Igupto Mwachitsanzo, anayikidwa osati sarcophagus, komanso m'manda, yomwe inali nyumba yaikulu.

A zosiyanasiyana zothetsera

Chithunzicho pamene analemba chithunzi ali nako kusankha: kuwonetsera nkhope ya munthu ndi zovala malinga ndi original kapena zinthu, kupanga woyengeka chithunzi kulenga. The chikhalidwe chachikulu ichi ndi kufanana, amene n'chofunikira lalikulu. Wodziimira polemba chinenero cha kupenta - chithunzi luso titsegulireni kuyesera a osiyanasiyana. chithunzicho ali ndi mwayi patsogolo luso lawo, ntchito atsopano patsogolo sayansi.

Ndipo, ndithudi, kwambiri kukwaniritsa zotsatira mulingo woyenera ndi njira. The njira yofala portraiture ku Akatswiri ndi mafuta kupenta pa lona. kalembedwe Izi inayambira kalelo. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ojambula zithunzi akale. ntchito zawo anapulumuka. Chithunzicho monga mtundu wanyimbo zaluso chabwino wakhalapo kuyambira nthawi makedzana, ndi lero ndi njira otchuka mawu akuti luso.

"Kuuma burashi"

M'zaka zaposachedwapa kukhala njira otchuka a "burashi youma", pamene chithunzi si analengedwa ndi zikwapu ndi akusisita pang'ono utoto. Bwezerani ndi pafupifupi youma, ndi njira limachititsa kugwila undertones wokongola. Popeza mtundu wanyimbo thinnest wa kupenta - chithunzi, fano nkhope mtundu amafuna ndendende wosakhwima mithunzi, njira ya "burashi youma" ndi oyenera cholinga bwino.

mitundu

Chithunzicho mtundu wanyimbo lagawidwa mitundu ingapo: chachikulu, wapamtima, ndi wolimba powonekera. Palinso mtundu wapadera wotchedwa ndi kudzikonda chithunzi kuti wojambula limasonyeza yekha. Monga ulamuliro, ndi mwangwiro chithunzi payekha. Ambiri, chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo kwathunthu palokha view luso, nkhani malamulo. Malamulo amenewa osati chosemphana ngakhale kuchuluka awo akhoza anawonjezera pa zochitika zina.

Kupatula iwo tanenera kale, pali mtundu wanyimbo ina portraiture, kuphatikizapo mbali yapadera luso mitundu apadera, chimene chimafuna njira mwadongosolo. Izi chithunzi zovala pa lona pamene munthu ano otchulidwa zovala za kalelo. Uthunthu wa nkhani si kuchokera ku zikopa, imene wosazindikira munthu ankavala diresi ukwati wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Mu chithunzi mitundu pali zinthu za theatricality. Mu Russian Federation, makamaka Moscow, ndi zovala chithunzi ambiri, koma izi sizinali chifukwa cha mafashoni, koma monga msonkho kwa luso.

Polemba chinenero ya chithunzi luso

Zojambula, olembedwa pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana ogwirizana ndi chofunika chimodzi - chithunzi ayenera kukhala zolondola. Yofunika kwambiri ndi ankaimba ndi chithunzi chigawo, ndi mawu ena - fano la zilembo nawo. Kanthu momwe mosamala ndawalemba nkhope, kupambana pa chithunzipo. chisonyezo cha maso, kumwetulira, kapena, Tikawonetsetsa kukoka tsinya, mokoma onse zimaonekera pa chinsalu cha. Zovuta, koma kudalilika chinthu limasonyeza luso la chithunzicho. N'chifukwa chake luso chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo monga m'mbali ndipo kumafuna zonse kwa mbuye. amisiri odziwa ntchito zithunzi bwino nkhaniyo pamene pali anthu, nkhope zawo pafupi ndi accentuated kuyenda.

zithunzi zolembalemba

Writers komanso ojambula zithunzi zambiri amajambulapo nkhope ya munthu. njira zolembalemba kuchita zambiri, olemera Chirasha akulola a mitundu angapo luso, turnovers ndi mawu. Cholinga anafuna wolemba, m'njira zofanana ndi wojambula, wolembayo anafotokoza mawu monga chotsatira cha amaganiza anthu, ndi chinyezimiro cha maganizo ake, maganizo ndi zokumana nazo. Polemba chinenero zolembalemba chithunzi m'malo zovuta. Fotokozani kupewa formulations zikundiyendera. Izi zimafuna katswiri wa mlengi woona. Anthu olemba Russian akhoza kunena pang'ono akamanena za mawonekedwe anthu, mu malo oyamba ndi Velikiy Maksim Gorky. m'malo mwake American, Uilyam Folkner, monga kwakukuru katswiri luso wapakamwa chithunzi chojambula. Polemba chinenero zolembalemba chithunzi zosiyanasiyana, malongosoledwe a kalembedwe ena akhale, zingakhale wosangalala kapena wachisoni, aafupi kapena aatali, izo zimatengera lililonse mankhwala payekha.

chithunzi

Mkubwela kwa daguerreotypes kukodzedwa mwayi wa luso chabwino, ndi zithunzi anali nazonso. Photograf ndalama mtengo kwambiri kuposa zojambula mafuta, ndi kuzindikira anali mtheradi. Ngakhale ojambula zithunzi quips chithunzi - ndi "luso kwa osauka", anthu anatembenuka ndi molondola kwambiri pa mbale ndi ❖ kuyanika siliva. Polemba chinenero zithunzi chithunzi msanga analowa otchuka, anthu amene amafuna kusangalatsa okha ndi okondedwa awo panalibe kumasuka.

Komabe, njira yatsopano, daguerreotypes anali zovuta. Photo, mosiyana ndi chithunzi chokongola, sikuloledwa kusintha chilichonse. Amaundana, kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse, kukonza chinachake kuti sikunali kotheka. Ndipo pamene inu kuganizira kuti munthu kujambulidwa atakhala kapena kuyima (mu kaimidwe yomangika), ndiye iye anapita ku chithunzi ndi njira yabwino ayi. Chotero kunali kwambiri kukhumudwa, madandaulo ndi madandaulo. Komabe akatemera chithunzi chitakhazikitsidwa, anthu aphunzira angabweretse zaluso, ndi chirichonse anagwera mu malo.