Msonkhanowu Vienna

Convention - ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya magwero a lamulo, lomwe ndi mgwirizano mu kulemba analowa mwa States ndi MP chosinthika kaya mawonekedwe a kalembera kachulukidwe mapepala ena okhudzidwa, ndi chirichonse lakuti ake makamaka.

Chotero mapangano mayiko monga mapangano lolamulira muzochitika zosiyanasiyana za moyo pagulu. Nzika za izi ndi ufulu ndi kumasulika, malonda, zoyendera mpweya, zoyendera sitima kuteteza nzeru katundu , ndi ena ambiri.

Msonkhanowu Vienna mu 1980 ogwirizana chiwerengero cha malamulo pa nkhani malonda pa mlingo lonse, zimene zinaonetseratu kuti akulandireni m'mayiko ambiri ndi njira zosiyana malamulo. The 1980 Convention ndi m'zigawo zinayi, ndipo chimaperekedwa 101 nkhani. Onse a iwo akupita kwa nkhani zotsatirazi zofunika: lingaliro la mgwirizano, mawonekedwe a pangano, nkhani za ufulu ndi udindo wa zipani, udindo wa zipani omwe sanali ntchito pa zinthu mgwirizanowo.

Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, mgwilizano mayiko akhoza mwalowa m'njira ziwiri: m'kamwa ndi olembedwa. The Vienna Msonkhano Wachigawo wa 1961 limanena kuti magulu kuti mapangano akhoza kukhala nzika WFP ndi mphamvu contractual malamulo. ubwenzi Universal ali boma mwapadera.

The Vienna Convention, ndilo chinthu mgwirizano malonda, chikukhudza mapangano pakati pa malonda a mayiko ake membala. Koma, nthawi yomweyo, ena a mitundu wotuluka si ataphimbidwa ndi izo (mwachitsanzo, kugulitsa masheya, ndi zothetsera bwino, ndi ena).

mawonekedwe Common a udindo pa vuto la kuphwanya udindo ndi limodzi mwa magulu ndi zoti kumawononga, kuphatikizapo ndalama otaika. Ndi udindo wotani osati zimachitika choncho kumene chipani mlandu ndikhoza kutsimikizira kuti kuphwanya Akumakambirananso ya mgwirizano chifukwa mavuto a zachuma ake.

The Vienna Msonkhano Relations akazembe a 1961 ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu malamulo m'dera la chilamulo zamtendere. mitu yonse ya utumwi pansi pa Convention anawagawa m'magulu atatu: akazembe ndi nuncios (otchedwa akuluakulu a Vatican) amene zatulutsidwa pa Mutu wa boma; akazembe, atumiki ndi internuncios komanso zatulutsidwa kwa atsogoleri a boma; milandu d'affaires, ndi zatulutsidwa nduna Yoona za okhonda.

Malinga ndi Convention ichi, ogwira ntchito ndi m'magulu angapo: mgwirizano wa mayiko, utsogoleri, luso ndi thandizo ndodo.

The Vienna Convention amapereka naye za mgwirizano wa mayiko komwe kuyenera kukhalapo pakati States, ndi mgwirizano mangawawo. Inunso kuti mukwaniritse pangano pa mapangidwe utumwi zamtendere ndi msinkhu wawo.

boma yachilendo kapena, mwa kulankhula kwina, kutumiza State, malinga ndi 1961 Convention yokha chimaika mutu wa ntchito zamtendere. Nawonso State adzakupatsani agrement (chilolezo) kwa kuvomerezeka kwa munthu udindo uwu, koma angathe kukana, osauza amajambulapo maluwa okongola.

Kuchotsa ntchito Mutu wa Mission kapena zina zamtendere ndodo akafika wasiya dziko chifukwa cha ndemanga, nthumwi malonda khalidwe sanali grata, komanso linalephera ntchito zake.

Mu chochitika cha kuchotsa ubale zamtendere pakati boma amvekere ndi agrement adzakhala muthandize nkhani kusiya oimira ena ndi achibale awo.