Nthaka mabakiteriya. mabakiteriya nthaka malo

Mabakiteriya - amakezana gulu la zamoyo zimene zilipo lero mu dziko lathuli. Mabakiteriya woyamba kwambiri anatuluka zaka mabiliyoni 3.5 zapitazo. Kwa zaka pafupifupi biliyoni zaka, iwo anali zolengedwa umagwira ntchito padziko lathuli. Ndiye iwo anatenga mtembo wosazindikira dongosolo. Kodi nthaka mabakiteriya, mitundu ndi chilengedwe - zonsezi m'nkhani ino.

General zokhudza mabakiteriya

The zikuchokera zikuphatikizapo dziko misa tizilombo zosiyanasiyana Pakati ndi nthaka mabakiteriya, nkhungu bowa. Iwo anawagawa njiru ndi koyenera kuti chitukuko cha zomera.

Tizilombo amasiyana zikhalidwe za moyo. Ena akhoza kukula popanda mpweya, koma kwa ena pamaso ake n'kofunika. Palinso gulu lapadera la mabakiteriya amene angathe monga mpweya, ndipo popanda izo.

Udindo wa mabakiteriya nthaka zomera

Kodi zomera zipindule mabakiteriya m'nthaka kunyamula? Kutanthauza tizilombo mu zomera ndi mokwanira lalikulu. Zofunika tsiku Agropedological mabakiteriya akonzanso organic mu nyama ayenera mchere. Woterowo nthaka processing limayenda ndi calcium, chitsulo, phosphorous, asafe ndi zina zambiri zinthu zofunika.

mabakiteriya m'nthaka osati zathu dziko zothandiza zinthu, komanso kusintha thupi khalidwe nthaka. Wochuluka wa nthaka mabakiteriya anakhumba, ndi apamwamba chonde ake.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha thupi n'kofunika ndi kufalitsa krupnokornevoy dongosolo la mbewu, ndicho mu rhizosphere lapansi. Iwo mabakiteriya nthaka ntchito ngati mphamvu ya kufa kwake dongosolo mizu.

Magulu woopsawo tizilombo nthaka

mabakiteriya nthaka Magulu ali ndi zamoyo amenewa ali nawo photosynthesis, asafe, mpweya ndi phosphorous. The zikuchokera nthaka alipo osati opindulitsa tizilombo, komanso tizilombo. Nthawi zambiri mabakiteriya moyo m'nthaka mokwanira yochepa. Komabe, mitundu ina ndi kulimbikira ndi anthu ake. tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ali m'magulu atatu:

• Mabakiteriya amene dziko ndi masoka Bioton. Iwo ndi wothandizila causative wa botulism ndi actinomycetes.

• The mabakiteriya kuti alowe mu nthaka ndi secretions organic wa zamoyo. tizilombo akhoza kusungidwa mu nthaka nthawi yaitali. Iwo ndi wothandizila causative wa tizilombo ta matenda Bacillus, kafumbata ndi chilonda.

• Mabakiteriya, amene kugwera mu nthaka ndi secretions organic, koma kusungidwa kumeneko mpaka mwezi umodzi. Angathe kuyambitsa E. coli, nsomba, shigella ndi kolera. mabakiteriya onse zoipa kuononga osati katundu zothandiza nthaka, koma kachitidwe muzu wa zomera.

mabakiteriya malo

mabakiteriya nthaka amapezeka zilonda za dziko m'malo m'goli. Gulu lililonse tizilombo wamoyo, kumene iwo adzatha kupeza okha dera omasuka malo okhala, chakudya ndi madzi. zamoyo Simple alipo pamene pali zofunika - makamaka chivundikiro chapamwamba nthaka. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mabakiteriya Nthaka anali anapezeka ku zitsime, kuzama umene kufika pazipita makilomita 16.

Malawi ndondomeko muzu

Monga tidanena kale, malo otchuka kwambiri mabakiteriya nthaka - ndi wosanjikiza pamwamba pa nthaka. Rhizosphere - wosanjikiza dothi, ili ndondomeko muzu. Iwo kuli anthu ndi tizilombo kuti kudya zinyalala zomera, komanso mapulotini dzuwa. zamoyo Simple, monga mphutsi kudya tizilombo ndi moyo m'dera krupnokornevoy. Chifukwa ichi, vuto la zinthu zothandiza ndi matenda yimitsira imagwiridwa mu rhizosphere lapansi.

chomera zinyalala

anthu ochepa mukudziwa, mabakiteriya kunyumba nthaka. M'nkhaniyi, tidzayesetsa nkhani kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane za chilengedwe ndi moyo.

Bowa - ndi decomposers otchuka a zotsala mbewu. mabakiteriya m'nthaka sangakhoze kulekerera ena zinthu zofunika wautali. Timatha bowa kukula. Ilo liri mu bowa chomera zinyalala ndi kuchuluka yaikulu mabakiteriya pano.

Humus - wina mabakiteriya malo nthaka. Only ena bowa kubala michere anafunika kugwetsa zinthu zovuta humus. A mbali yaikulu ya zinthu zofunika zili pansi, ambiri nthawi poyamba lamamatira ndi bowa ndi tizilombo. Humus mankhwala amene analandira chifukwa pogawanikana pamawere monga wochepa asafe mosavuta.

Pa mayunitsi Agropedological

Wina zosiyanasiyana mabakiteriya nthaka - mayunitsi Agropedological. Padziko zawo zili tating'onoting'ono ndi apamwamba kuposa mkati kuti. Pakati angaphunzitse yekha limachita izo popanda oxygen. A ambiri mayunitsi - m'dziko lino ndowe mphutsi ndi zamoyo zina yosavuta. Pakati pa mayunitsi kusuntha arthropods Agropedological ndi nematodes, amene Sangathe kulenga njira mwachindunji mu nthaka.

Zamoyo kuti timakhala chinyezi imfa, komanso bakiteriya nthaka m'dziko njira wodzazidwa ndi madzi. Kupereka madzi kukoma zamoyo kofunika mbali yaikulu ya dothi, amene m'madera ulimi zikukangalika yafupika pachaka. Ndi chifukwa chake pali kufunika kuti ntchito feteleza.

mabakiteriya Vuto nthaka

Ine ndikukhulupirira kuti aliyense nyakulima ankaganiza ngati mabakiteriya nthaka ali oopsa. M'nkhaniyi tiona adzayesa kuthetsa zikhulupiliro onse basi zokhudza nkhani imeneyi. Nambala yaikulu moyo nthaka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mwachitsanzo, pamwamba masentimita 30 a wosanjikiza dothi, kukula kwa mahekitala wina miyoyo ya matani pafupifupi 30 a zamoyo yosavuta. Kukhala akonzedwa amphamvu michere mabakiteriya kuwola kuphwanya mapuloteni mu amino zidulo. Ichi ndi muyezo waukulu mu ndondomeko ya kuwonongeka. tizilombo izi ndife anthu kubweretsa mavuto ambiri. Mwa njira, ndendende chifukwa cha ntchito ya zamoyo yosavuta mofulumira kwambiri kusokoneza zakudya anapangidwa kuti moyo yaitali alumali - ndicho, Nkhaka ndi zipatso achisanu ndi masamba. Mwamwayi, Hostess kale anaphunzira kutuluka zinthu. Pakuti yosungirako yaitali, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolera yotseketsa, ndi mankhwala processing. Komabe, mitundu ina ya tizilombo zina amawononga preform chakudya, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito bwino.

Mabakiteriya kulowa nthaka mwa zolengedwa kachilombo. Monga tidanena kale, anthu ena subspecies tizilombo bowa akhoza kukhala pansi kwa zaka zambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa mbali awo ndi osiyana - kupanga spores. Kuti ateteze amawononga zinthu zoipa kwa chilengedwe. tizilombo amenewa Zimachititsa chitukuko cha ena mwa matenda owopsa - tizilombo ta matenda, poizoni, chilonda ndi catalepsy.

Monga amayamba mu nthaka

Mwachidule, mabakiteriya Agropedological - ndi mbali ya kapangidwe wa nthaka, koma si dziko lokha, ndipo topsoil ake. Mu supuni imodzi ya mchere ya kuwaika munali oposa biliyoni zamoyo yosavuta, amene nthawi zonse zikugwira siteji yeniyeni ya kuvunda kwa zinthu zakufa organic kapena fixation kufika maziko Akasakaniza zinthu ndi kumanga izi mamolekyulu zovuta zofunika.

Agropedological gulu la tizilombo tinachokera kwa nthawi pamene onse a anthu amoyo mu Chiyambi chake, ndipo anasiya kuda loyamba la ntchito yawo. Ndi zotsala awa ndi kwawo koyamba tizilombo nthaka. Kukhala ophunzitsidwa kusintha organics akanika nthaka momwemo momwemo mpaka nthawi ino, kusinthasintha kwa kusintha zochitika zokhudza chilengedwe.

Kudulidwa kwa ntchito

Pali multifunctional magawano Agropedological tizilombo pakati pa akatswiri pa ntchito zawo:

1. destructors - mabakiteriya amene amakhala mu nthaka ndi mineralize mankhwala zofunika alipo wosanjikiza pamwamba pa dziko. ntchito yawo - kusinthika zotsalira za nyama komanso zomera tikukhala mu nyengo Akasakaniza.

2. Nayitrogeni-chikukonzekera kapena tuberous tizilombo - symbionts zomera. kufunika kwagona kuti yekha mtundu wa tizilombo akhoza kuphatikiza zinthu neorganichno mpweya ndi kuonetsetsa zomera awo. Ndendende chifukwa cha nthaka imeneyi ndi zomera ndi mchere wofunika.

3. chemoautotrophs - tizilombo kuti kuganizira zinthu zochita kupanga alipo mu molekyulu zofunika. kufunika kwagona kuti iwo angathe kukonzedwa kudziunjikira m'munsi mwa zinthu Akasakaniza kenako kuwatumiza ku zomera.

Ndipotu zosaneneka

Kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhulupirira kuti tanthauzo zofukiza akhoza zamoyo zovuta yekha. Komabe, zaka ziwiri zapitazo chinapezeka kuti cholandilira ichi likupezeka mu mabakiteriya yisiti ndi amatope nkhungu.

Asayansi anaganiza kuchita kuyesera kupeza ngati Agropedological kumverera kukhalapo kwa bakiteriya mu mlengalenga ili pafupi amoniya lapansi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mabakiteriya kuposa mmene ankaganizira za experimenters. Ndiyamika kafukufuku, asayansi apeza kuti tizilombo timatha kusiyanitsa zofukiza.

Polongosola mwachidule

mabakiteriya nthaka mbali yofunika kwambiri mu chonde ndi moyo wa zolengedwa zonse zamoyo. M'nkhani ino Ife tapeza anthu mabakiteriya nthaka ndi mmene zikugwirizanirana chitukuko ya zomera ndi zamoyo.

Pamene ntchito ndi nthaka tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pali pano osati opindulitsa tizilombo, komanso toyambitsa akhoza kukhala wothandizira a matenda akupha. Ndi mpofunikila kuvala magulovu ndipo muzisamba m'manja mwawo bwinobwino pambuyo ntchito. Khalani wathanzi!