The maginito katundu zakuthupi

Pamene anaikidwa ndi maginito ya chinthu chake, "khalidwe" ndi mtundu wa m'banja kusintha structural kudzadalira nkhani yomwe chinthu chapangidwa. zipangizo zonse zodziwika zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu asanu chachikulu: paramagnetic, ferromagnetic ndi antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic ndi diamagnetic. Malinga ndi gulu ili, osiyana maginito katundu zakuthupi. Kuti tipeze zobisika kuseri mawu amenewa, tiyeni tione gulu lililonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Zinthu naonetsere katundu wa paramagnetism, maginito permeability yodziwika ndi chizindikiro zabwino, kaya mtengo wa kumunda kunja maginito imene chinthu akutembenukira. Oimira wodziwika wa gulu ndi okusayidi nitric ndi mpweya mpweya, zamchere-lapansi ndi magulu zamchere ndipo akakhala mchere.

Mkulu maginito chiwopsezo zabwino chizindikiro (1 ukufika Mill.) Chofunika ferromagnets. Kukhala amadalira mphamvu ya m'munda kunja ndi kutentha chiwopsezo zimasiyana. Chofunika, kuyambira munthawi ya particles pulayimale ndi sublattices osiyana mu dongosolo, ndi mtengo okwana kamphindi ndi ziro.

Koma mutu, ndi zina katundu ali pafupi zinthu ferromagnetic. Ogwirizana ndi kudalira mkulu wa chiwopsezo cha kutentha ndi mphamvu kumunda, koma pali kusiyana. Mphindi maginito anaikidwa sublattices maatomu si ofanana ndi mnzake Koma mosiyana ndi gulu yapita, nthawi okwana ndi nonzero. Mankhwala chibadidwe mu magnetization lachibadwa. Communication antiparallel sublattices. The wodziwika ferrites. Maginito katundu wa mankhwala a gulu n'zambiri, kotero iwo kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito luso.

Chidwi makamaka ndi gulu la antiferromagnets. Pa yozizira, zinthu zina pansipa ndi ena maatomu kutentha malire ndi ayoni imakonzedwa mu dongosolo galasi latisi mwachibadwa kusintha mphindi awo maginito, kukhala lathu protivoparallelnoe. A ndondomeko chosiyana kumachitika Kutentha zinthu - analemba katundu maginito khalidwe gulu la zinthu paramagnetic. Zitsanzo carbonates, oxides, ndi zina zotero.

Ndipo potsiriza, diamagnetic. The katundu maginito zinthu za gulu Musati muzidalira pa mphamvu munda, ndi mtengo wa chiwopsezo maginito ndi negative. Ngati thunthu ali covalent akapolo, ndi "oyera" diamagnetic. Oimira - golide, mkuwa, inert mpweya ndi zina zotero.

The katundu maginito zakuthupi ankagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Mwachitsanzo, windings thiransifoma windings chilonda pa zipangizo zofewa maginito. Mkulu permeability ndi maginito kuti machulukitsidwe, ngakhale mu mphamvu otsika, zikutanthauza yopapatiza hysteresis kuzungulira mu Zithunzi za, komanso imfa zazing'ono kusintha maginito ankati okonza magetsi. Ngati maginito katundu wa nkhani zogwirizana Zipangizo zofewa maginito, ku zinthu zopangidwa izo yodziwika ndi otaya kwambiri kuti malire ndi machulukitsidwe. Zochita izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kuchepetsa kukula kwa dera maginito, potero kuchepetsa zida kulemera. Komabe, ubwino ndi sangathe lagona - alternating munda amapanga zimakochezapo mafunde zinthu kuchititsa Kutentha, kotero kukondera njira ndi burdening kondakitala.

mtundu wina zakuthupi - zovuta maginito chogonedwa monyengeleredwa mphamvu yomwe ndi osachepera 4000 amperes pa mita. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu ya maginito mwamphamvu yapamwamba, kenako akuzisunga chuma katundu maginito, kukhala kofunikira kuti magnetization zitasintha a maginito okhazikika.