Zitsulo soda

Soda zitsulo - francium, cesium, rubidium, potassium sodium, lifiyamu - wotchedwa chifukwa chakuti mawonekedwe a soda ndi anachita ndi madzi. Chifukwa luso mkulu kuchita zinthu izi ziyenera kusungidwa pansi wosanjikiza mafuta mchere kapena a nyale. The yogwira kwambiri mankhwala awa imatengedwa francium (ndi nyukiliya).

zitsulo soda - zinthu zofewa, silvery mtundu. pamwamba mwatsopano kudula ali luster khalidwe. zitsulo soda ndi anasungunuka chithupsa pa otsika kutentha, ndi mkulu matenthedwe ndi magetsi madutsidwe. Iwonso otsika kachulukidwe.

Chemical katundu zitsulo soda

Zinthu amphamvu kuchepetsa wothandizila, mankhwala kuonetsa mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni (wapadera) 1. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kulemera zitsulo atomiki soda ndi kuchuluka kuchepetsa mphamvu. Pafupifupi anthu onse a mankhwala ndi sungunuka m'madzi, ali amaayoni m'chilengedwe.

Ndi zolimbitsa Kutentha zitsulo soda azinyadira mu mlengalenga. Mogwirizana ndi wa hydrogen ndi kupanga mchere ngati mankhwala hydrides. Kuyaka katundu chimakhala peroxides.

Soda oxides zitsulo ndi zolimba chikasu (oxides wa rubidium ndi potaziyamu), woyera (oxides wa sodium wochuluka ndi lifiyamu) ndi lalanje (Cesium okusayidi) mitundu. oxides awa angathe yatikhudza ndi madzi, zidulo, mpweya, acid ndi oxides amphoteric. makhalidwe zazikulu ndi chibadidwe kwa onsewo ndiponso ndi khalidwe kutchulidwa.

peroxides zitsulo soda - ufa koma wachikasu zoyera. Angathe yatikhudza ndi mpweya woipa ndi mpweya monoxide mpweya, zidulo, nonmetals, madzi.

soda zitsulo hydroxides ndi sungunuka m'madzi, zolimba woyera. Mu mankhwala awa amaoneka (yowala zokwanira) katundu zofunika alkalis. Lifiyamu zapansi kuti Franz mphamvu ndi digiri ya solubility mu ukuwonjezeka madzi. Hydroxides ankaona amphamvu electrolytes zokwanira. Iwo anatani ndi mchere, hydroxides amphoteric ndi oxides, ena sanali zitsulo, oxides acid. Kupatula pawiri ndi lifiyamu zina kuonetsa matenthedwe bata. Calcining lifiyamu hydroxide ndi kuwonongeka ake mu madzi ndi okusayidi. Anati mankhwala amene analandira mwa electrolysis njira amadzimadzi mankhwala enaake angapo a zochita kagayidwe kachakudya. Hydroxides anakonza mwa zigawo yatikhudza (kapena oxides) ndi madzi.

Pafupifupi zitsulo salt anafotokoza onse (kupatula zina lifiyamu salt) ndi sungunuka m'madzi bwino. Popangidwa ndi zidulo ofooka, njira saline ndi anachita sing'anga (zamchere) chifukwa hydrolysis wa mchere anapanga zidulo mphamvu si hydrolyzed. salt Common ndi mwala (sodium wochuluka) mchere, ndi zomatira silicate (madzi galasi), nitrate potassium bertoletova mchere, permanganate potassium waikidwa koloko, koloko phulusa, ndipo ena.

Zonse mankhwala soda angathe kusintha mtundu wa lawi la. Izo ntchito mu kusanthula mankhwala. Choncho, malawi carmine yofiira papezeka ayoni lifiyamu, mu violet - ayoni potaziyamu ku chikasu - sodium wochuluka yochitidwa pinki - rubidium, Violet-wofiira - cesium.

Chifukwa chakuti maselo onse zamchere ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuchepetsa wothandizila, iwo akhoza kulandira salt lamkuwa ndi electrolysis.

Ntchito zitsulo soda

nyengo ntchito muzochitika zosiyana za ntchito anthu. Mwachitsanzo, cesium ntchito maselo photoelectric. The aloyi zimakhudza ntchito monga chothandizira lifiyamu. Sodium alipo mu nyali gasi kumaliseche, nyukiliya monga coolant a. Ntchito kafukufuku ntchito rubidium.