LAZ-697 "alendo": specifications luso. mabasi Intercity

Popeza chilengedwe chake ndipo mpaka 1955 mu osiyanasiyana ulimi wa Lviv Basi Bzalani iwo. zaka 50 USSR inkakhala: cranes ndi zida zosinthira, magalimoto magetsi, galimotoyo kwa nyumba okha nyumba, nyumba apadera mayendedwe mkate, magalimoto, Vans, masitolo mafoni nyumba ... Ambiri, mbewu inali kubala chirichonse, kupatula mabasi okha. Ndipo August 17 okha 1955 chomera malangizo luso pa msonkhano yaitali kuzindikiridwa anthu. ndondomeko ndi malangizo a chitukuko cha ulimi wa mabasi ndi akavalo.

Prototypes LAZ mabasi

Makamaka basi woyendetsa zomera kukhazikitsa pa fakitale KB, kasamalidwe amene anapatsa V. Osepchugovu. The amasinthira chachikulu cha akatswiri unaperekedwa kwa mlengi wamng'ono, posachedwapa maphunziro mabungwe magalimoto makampani.

Poyamba LAZ ayambitse kupanga chitsanzo yomalizidwa ya basi ZIS-155. Komabe, wofuna kutchuka achinyamata timu CB anali m'gulu ndi chiyembekezo chimenechi, ndipo akufuna chilengedwe cha galimoto yake. Ganizo inatheka anira achikulire, ndipo mwachindunji LAZ kuti sikuti ntchito kuyambira zikande, anagulidwa pa nthawi atsopano mabogi European: "Magirus", "Neoplan" ndi "Mercedes". Factory akatswiri iwo kwenikweni ankaiphwasula ndi zomangira mosamala kuphunzira kapangidwe ka magalimoto inatha.

Motero, pofika cha 1955, ndi zinachitika basi anali pang'ono. Kwa nthawi yoyamba icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mphamvu m'munsi, wopangidwa mwa chubu kuti anali ndi amakona anayi mtanda chigawo. Ndi maziko mwamphamvu analankhulana ndi dongosolo basi thupi. The galimoto galimoto umene unalinso ndi zachilendo, ili longitudinally mu gawo kumbuyo.

Wheel kuyimitsidwa CB mbewu amakonzedwa pamodzi ndi akatswiri US. Zinali ochiritsira, masika-kasupe dongosolo, amene stiffness ukuwonjezeka mofanana kuwonjezeka katundu. Choncho, mlingo wa kuchulukana kwa basi sikumangotikhudza chitonthozo cha kuyenda okwera. Zinali khalidwe lina zapadera makina Lviv.

Mu 1956, ndi chomera adagulung'undisa pa mzinda woyamba LAZ-695, omwe anakhala zinachitika tsogolo zosintha wautali.

Chiyambi cha "alendo" njira

Mu kugwa kwa 1958 Lviv galimoto Bzalani ali anamasulidwa ndi zinachitika mabasi kwa aya wautali. Chifukwa chakuti. kuti makina azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ulendo wautali, adati kwa index owerengedwa analandira Kuwonjezera - "alendo". Basi latsopano linali mankhwala anzake a galimoto ndi Institute US wa akatswiri opanga.

Kuwonjezera "alendo" walandira kusintha kapangidwe kuti kuwasiyanitsa ku zinachitika (LAZ-695), ndi okonza ndayesera kulenga chilengedwe yabwino anthu.

zitseko wapogawanikira ili malekezero onse a kanyumba, m'malo mwa tsamba limodzi, yomwe imatithandiza kumveketsa pamanja. Kutsetsereka padenga la galimoto anachita.

Pakuti mkati nyengo LAZ-697 "alendo" anayankha machitidwe awiri:

• Kutentha mtundu mpweya chotenthetsera;
• kukakamizidwa mpweya wabwino, zida ndi chopangira chinyezi a.

Salon masamu pa mipando 33.

Mpando m'sitimayo inali yabwino kwambiri kapangidwe ndi backrest chosinthika. Komanso, aliyense mpando yatenganso: payekha kuwira usiku kuyatsa gululi anaikira mabuku, manyuzipepala ndi magazini, komanso chotayilamo fodya.

Kutsogolera anapereka osiyana chilimbikitso mpando - 34 pivotable kudzera madigiri 180.

Iwo izi Lviv Basi anali woyamba anasankha chizindikiro ZIL - kalata "L" mu chimango chrome. Komanso, chizindikiro chotero anayamba kutanthauza zitsanzo zonse wotsatira ndi kuwasintha magalimoto opangidwa ndi mbewu.

The yomalizidwa zinachitika chitsanzo inali kuperekedwa pa chionetsero cha zipambano Economic, mu gulu latsopano - "Basi". Pambuyo nawo chionetsero cha zipambano Economic basi anapita ndi gulu ulendo, wopangidwa mwa antchito ambiri wolemekezeka kwa mbewu, pa ulendo mwa zokomera Poland ndi Czechoslovakia.

kutenga awiri

M'chilimwe Kumayambiriro a 1959 LAZ analenga lina lomwe "alendo", ndi nambalayi chodetsa, koma anali ndi kusiyana structural ku zinachitika choyamba.

kusintha kwenikweni zagwira denga basi: izo kutsetsereka chitsanzo wakhala m'malo mwa zimaswa chachikulu (1.8 × 2,7 m), chifukwa cha zomwe yafupika m'dera la denga glazing kunyezimira. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa chitsanzo ichi pamwamba windscreen anali wokwera mpweya wambiri, amene amathandiza mpweya achilengedwe a chipinda anthu. Mu mawonekedwe kuti anafanana ndi visor kwa kapu ndi. Zonse mabasi zotsatirazi aziwapatsa chonchi pachimake, amene anakhala ngati chizindikiro cha manholes. Komanso analandira zitsanzo zonse wotsatira mabasi anali kuwonjezeka mu kukula kwa zenera, poyamba anaika pa pawiri LAZ-697.

Katundu wa m'basimo anali zokuzira mwachindunji pansi pansi m'kanyumba. Tsegula katundu anautulutsa mwa hatches wapadera mbali ili m'mbali mwa basi.

Unit mphamvu anali injini Zil-164. mtundu kuyimitsidwa masika (theka-elliptical tsamba akasupe 4) akasupe kuti tikonzedwe.

Izi Lviv Basi 2 zaka zotsatizana inali kuperekedwa monga chionetsero pa zisudzo mayiko: mu 1959 - mu France, ndipo mu 1960 - mu Switzerland.

Makina anamanga pa mndandanda, wosiyana unit zinachitika mphamvu. mabasi Intercity anaika 109 HP injini ZIL-158A. The injini chomwecho ndipo analandira mzinda - LAZ-695B.

LAZ-697: zofunika

• Kukula basi, mamita - 9,19 × 2,99 × 2.5 (m'litali, m'lifupi, kutalika, motero).
• Zithetsedwe Kunenepa - 6 T 950 makilogalamu.
• Kulemera zonse za makina - 10 T 230 makilogalamu.
• Chilolezo - 27 cm.
• Reserve liwiro - 80 km / h.
• Mphamvu ya unit mphamvu - 109 L / s.
• PPC - Buku ndi masitepe asanu.
• Lumikiza - mtundu wa umodzi-chimbale, wouma okonzeka ndi galimoto hayidiroliki.
• M'lifupi mwa kutsegula chitseko - 84 cm.
• Chiwerengero cha mipando okwana - 33.
• Ndime m'lifupi - 45 cm.
• Kutembenuza utali wozungulira - 9,6 m.

Kusinthidwa wa "alendo"

Pambuyo buku la mndandanda wa makina LAZ-697 chitukuko sanaleke kumeneko, ndipo pa nthawi pali 4 zosintha Basi:

• LAZ - 697E;
• LAZ - 697M;
• LAZ - 697N;
• LAZ - 697R.

Kusinthidwa wa "E"

Popeza 1961, mbewu ZIL anayamba kupereka mabasi kuti Lviv injini latsopano, unit 150 mwamphamvu kuchokera ZIL 130. injini awa amene anaika pa onse mabasi m'matauni ndi wautali, chifukwa chimene kulemba zitsanzo opangidwa itasinthidwa (anawonjezera kalata "E") - LAZ-695E ndi LAZ-697E motero.

kusintha chifukwa anali kuwonjezeka mu mabasi liwiro kuti 87 km / h. Komabe, chipani anapereka injini latsopano anali wochepa, pamodzi ndi chitsanzo kusinthidwa kwa mbewu anapitiriza kubala "lakale" mabasi. Kunja, ndi "lakale" ndiponso "latsopano" makina Chrixitu sanali amasiyana.

Izo sizinali mpaka 1964, pamene Zilovskoye kotunga powertrains akhala zonse, ndi injini atsopano kwathunthu m'malo mwa chitsanzo akale.

Ndi kwa chaka chino kusinthidwa basi zowawa kusintha aang'ono kunja - gudumu arches kukhala anamaliza, yotsika kuchokera makina kuchotsedwa mwakemu pambali. Mu pomwe uwu, ndipo m'njira basi anali chopangidwa mpaka 1969.

Kusinthidwa wa "M"

Mu 1970, chitsanzo chikhalidwe basi analandira kusintha chofunika kwambiri kuti akhudza ndi akavalo, ndi mnzake ake m'tauni, magalimoto onse analinso digito awo chodetsa kalata "M". Tsopano iwo amatchedwa LAZ- 697M ndi LAZ-695M (intercity ndi mzinda, motero).

Okonza kwathunthu anasiya galasi denga otsetsereka, koma chinawonjezeka dera mbali mawindo. Komanso, mpweya wambiri chitoliro a injini anali atapita, amene poyamba anaika kumbuyo kwa basi. Iwo m'malo ndi deflectors pambali.

Kusintha anapangidwa ndi kufala makina. Factory kumbuyo chitsulo chogwira matayala linasintha ndi zambiri wangwiro - "Kapolo", ulimi Chihangare, ndipo akukonzani ndi chiwongolero hayidiroliki.

Koma choyamba, kusonyeza chitsanzo kuti anthu ogwira ntchito kufakitale kuperekedwa pa chionetsero Moscow mu 1969, yosiyana ndi basi siriyo kupanga kumaso za makina ndi kukhalapo kwa lotulukira angapo mwadzidzidzi, zomwe m'malo galasi chikhalidwe.

Siriyo yopanga LAZ-697 M mpaka 1975, imene nthaŵi akutikonzera m'malo kusinthidwa wina "alendo" - LAZ-697N. Mwa njira, kusintha zonse kwa makina atsopano zinachitikadi pang'onopang'ono, choyamba khamu mzere anapita zitsanzo, amene wosakanizidwa Mabaibulo awiri. The kumaso anali wa LAZ-697M ndi kumbuyo kale ndi zatsopano LAZ-697N.

LAZ-697N

Kalata "H" kuchotsa "M" mu index za makina, kunali mu siriyo LAZ-697M kuchuluka kukula kwa kutsogolo. Tinachita mu 1973. Koma kwa nthawi yoyamba galimoto zoterezi index anapereka pa zomwe chionetserocho mu Moscow mu 1971. Ndipotu zinali 697M lakale, koma ndi watsopano kapangidwe kutsogolo.

Kuŵeta mabasi inayamba mu 1975. Mu yomweyi, kukonzekera kwa kupanga galimoto otsatirawa, omwe amayenera kubwera kuchokera mu mndandanda Patapita zaka ziwiri, ndi kutenga index LAZ-697R. Ndipo pamene panali nthawi kusintha, khamu mzere anayamba kupita chitsanzo wapakatikati kusintha kusinthidwa kamangidwe.

Mwachitsanzo, mu makina amenewa kwathunthu amachotsedwa pane mbali mazenera ndi kuchotsa iwo ndi pepala olimba galasi, ndi mpweya vnutrisalonnoe anaika kunja mpweya wambiri ili pa ntsoyi ya basi. The overhang kumbuyo ali kutsogolo kulumikizidwa zitseko wina.

LAZ-697R

Kupanga ndi kusinthidwa zina, LAZ-697R, anayamba, momwe munakonzera, mu 1978. Anatinso basi watsopano kuchokera akale amasiyana pang'ono. Kusiyana chidwi kwambiri ku LAZ-697R LAZ-697N kunalibe kumbuyo kwa chitseko, kwa iye kachiwiri linasiyidwa chifukwa chakuti kukhalapo kwake kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mipando. Chabwino, chizindikiro china chimene kotheka kusiyanitsa chitsanzo watsopano kuchokera akale - ndi malo zizindikiro nawonso. Mu LAZ-697R malangizo zizindikiro ndi lalikulu ano ndipo inali mwachindunji pamwamba nyali ya. Mu LAZ-697N nayenso chizindikiro ili kumbali ya magetsi, ndi mawonekedwe a iwo ndilozungulira.

Kusintha kwa mbiri

zosintha zonse 697 mndandanda mabasi a kalasi pakati, ndi nthawi alibe kuima chilili. Chomwe chinafunika galimoto zambiri mipando. Choncho, mu 1985 ulimi wa akale "alendo" asiya. Iwo m'malo ndi atsopano 41 mpando LAZ-699, kutumiza 697-TH mndandanda wa gulu la "Retro-mabasi"

masiku athu ndi Lviv Retro "alendo"

Iwo anatenga kuposa zaka pafupifupi kuyambira pamenepo, kodi choyamba zinachitika basi zaikidwa LAZ-697. Koma mwa malonda munthu angapezeke zindikirani a malonda a makina ija. Ndipo tisaiwale kuti mabasi Retro sindife ochita kokha, komanso chikhalidwe wabwino. Kumene, mtunda wautali kuyenda ndi chodziwikiratu aliyense amaganiza kuti ntchito makina amenewa, koma zopereka payekha zingakhale nthano ndithu. Komanso, basi ndalama wotsika.

Koma pali kuchotserapo. M'nyumbayi zoyendera m'matawuni Kiev pali mmodzi wa mabaibulo "alendo" - LAZ-697M. basi Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zingapo (Akatswiri amanena kuti onse atatu), amene anasunga mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi, ndipo ngakhale boma akuthamanga. M'nyumbayi, iye anali pambuyo pa kubwezeretsedwa ikuchitika mu fakitale LAZ. Ndipo, mosabisa, ngati izi ziri zoona imodzi makina atatu otsalawo, mtengo weniweni wa basi N'zovuta kulingalira.

Ndi chachikulu, kodi mtengo wa makina akale, zilibe kanthu, zimene n'chakuti pali anthu amene sanyalanyaza mbiri zoyendera chitukuko mu USSR.