Amphioxus - ndi nyama? Amphioxus: kufotokoza, kapangidwe, makhalidwe ndi maonekedwe

Amphioxus - nyama zokhudzana ndi mtundu wa Chordates (gulu bescherepnyh). Tikupereka inu kuti tiyanjane ndi Iye. Tikambirana dongosolo, makhalidwe ndi maonekedwe a Amphioxus. mitundu izi zimapezeka mu nyanja ya mabacteria ndi kotentha ndi otentha. Makamaka, Amphioxus moyo ndi Black Sea.

mawonekedwe thupi

Amphioxus mawonekedwe thupi chowulungika, tapering ku mchira. Kutalika ndi ku masentimita 4 mpaka 8. Thupi ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza umodzi wa epithelium ndi cuticle tochoka ndi maselo zaminyewa. Pansi epithelium ndi wosanjikiza woonda minofu connective - corium. The mbali dorsal wa thunthu ndi mchira chipsyepsye konsekonse ndi khola khungu. thupi flattened laterally; pamodzi mbali ventral wa Tambasula wophatikizidwa metaplevralnye makutu kulumikiza kwa undernail mbali ya khola chipsyepsye. nyumba imeneyi facilitates olimba za malo thupi madzi ndi kuonjezera dera kukhudzana ndi izo, umene uli wofunika pamene akuyenderera amazipotokola thupi.

dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa

Maziko a chimango kutchulidwa ndi poyambira, yomwe ili m'mphepete thupi ku mutu kuti mapeto a dera caudal. The poyambira, amene ali lancelet - mapangidwe imeneyi unazunguliridwa mu thumba connective, amene njira mawonekedwe kuchirikiza zinthu chipsyepsye khola ndi mawonekedwe chondroid mizati. Komanso likulowerera pakati pa magawo munthu wa musculature (Myomere) kupanga miosepty kuŵapatulanya. Myomere anapambulwa mioseptami, pafupi ndi poyambira pa mbali zonse.

muscularity

Striated minofu. Osiyana Myomere ndi mawonekedwe conical, ngati retracted mu wina ndi mzake, ndi makonzedwe awo asymmetrical: zosiyana pakati pa aliyense wa iwo kumanja ndi miosepta kumanzere ndi mosemphanitsa. Progressive kuchepetsa gawo minofu ndi mbali ya zokhotakhota thupi, mafunde kusuntha kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumchira. Natural khalidwe minofu chidule ndi Lamulo chapakati mantha dongosolo.

Amphioxus poyambira wa kumaso chimafikira kusiyana chubu ubongo, motero dzina la gulu limodzi la subtype - Golovohordovye. Iwo wapangidwa ndi ambiri yopingasa minofu mbale atazunguliridwa ndi connective minofu m'chimake. Mbale aliyense anasiyanitsidwa mphako, koma pokhudzana ndi pafupi kudzera outgrowths yochepa.

mitsempha ya magazi

Akukhulupirira kuti mitsempha ya magazi a nyama kutsekedwa. Ndithudi, palibe magazi mipata, koma palibe capillaries weniweni (thinnest mipanda ziwiya ndi monolayer) ya magazi yaing'ono mitsempha akulowa malo intercellular (iwo zizigwirizana zimagwirira ntchito capillaries), choncho pamodzi mitsempha yaing'ono.

dongosolo ubereki

Yazokonza pansi dongosolo Amphioxus ukufanizidwa ndi mndandanda wa gonads wophatikizidwa (gonadal). Iwo unali pafupi ndi mpanda wa M'mimbamo matenda. Bescherepnyh (lancelet kuphatikizapo) dioecious. The gonads wa mwamuna ndi mkazi chabe zofanana, anasiyana okha gametes ukulu (oocyte zikuluzikulu). Okhwima maselo oberekera kudzera kusiyana gonads khoma amagwa M'mimbamo matenda, kumene madzi akatulutsidwa kunja kupyolera atriopor. Development limapezeka pa TV amadzimadzi ndi amakhala kuti pali gawo larval.

Kapangidwe ka mphutsi ndi

Kapangidwe ka mphutsi za mwanjira yachilendo kwambiri: mu magawo oyambirira kuti amakhala ndi makonzedwe asymmetrical mkamwa (kumanzere), ndi slits gill (kumanja), chiwerengero cha omwe ali ang'ono poyamba. Only Patapita wina mzere wa slits gill chimatsatira pamimba, kenako kumanzere, ndipo mkamwa ndi osamukira kunsi. chiwerengero cha mipata gill chinawonjezeka ndi mipata BREAKOUT zina ndi kupanga partitions kotenga anthu wogwila. Larva mwachangu imayenda thandizo la cilia kuphimba thupi, ndipo kenako kupinda lateral za thupi, ngati mitundu wamkulu. Iye amakonda kudya yogwira pa nyama zing'onozing'ono planktonic. Perioral nyuzi ndi tentacles aumbike kokha pa mapeto a chitukuko larval, ndi larva, ngati thupi wamkulu, kusintha kwa moyo pansi.

matenda M'mimbamo

Amphioxus - nyama ndi matenda patsekeke. Mu kutsegula dzenje ake ndi gill slits metanefriliev. Apa pakubwera mazira kucha ndi umuna. Zonsezi zikuloza kwa kugwirizana matenda M'mimbamo ndi chilengedwe kunja. Anatomically, ubwenzi umenewu ukufanizidwa ndi dzenje, wotchedwa atrioporom ndi kutsegula outwards kumbali ventral a mbali kumbuyo kwa thupi kutsogolo kwa chotulukira lapansi. Mowonekera kugwirizana atriralnoy M'mimbamo chilengedwe akuwonetseredwa mu chikhalidwe cha mapangidwe ake.

Larva Amphioxus thupi makoma mbali ya mipata gill anapanga ndi kotenga makutu metaplevralnye. Kenako kukuza motsogozedwa lateral ndi kunsi, kenako zinaphatikizidwa pamodzi. Danga pakati makutu limaimira matenda patsekeke. M'mawu ena, M'mimbamo matenda, amene ali lancelet - ali mbali ya chilengedwe kunja analanda metaplevralnymi makutu. Limafotokoza pakhosi gawo la intestine, ndi gawo lalikulu la padziko gonads ndi, agwilitse danga zambiri komanso zayamba chimakankhira lonse, amene kusungidwa kokha mu mawonekedwe a nsapato cavities Mphepete chapamwamba pharynx, komanso monga endostyle metaplevralnyh makutu.

Tanthauzo zamoyo M'mimbamo matenda chifukwa chikhalidwe cha chifaniziro Amphioxus moyo. Pamene kuzikwirira mu kubwereketsa pansi madzi a slits gill kovuta, particles nthaka akhoza kulowa maenje gill ndi kuononga iwo. Mapangidwe wa M'mimbamo matenda amene makoma gill mipata wosiyana kukhudzana ndi pansi, amachotsa chopinga izi. Madzi, mphamvu akubwera kuchokera atriopora ndi, imawononga nthaka limeneli, kuonetsetsa kupuma ufulu ndi excretion katundu kagayidwe kachakudya. Monga tanenera kale, mu Amphioxus mphutsi, zikubweretsa pelagic, matenda M'mimbamo kumeneko. No izo, ndi mitundu yambiri Amphioxididae banja la pelagic otchuka ndi mukadzakula.

Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pa Amphioxus - mmodzi wa oimira chordates.