Lembani Chordates: zimaonetsa kunja ndi mkati kapangidwe

Mtundu poyambira ali oposa 40 zikwi. Kukhala mitundu. Izi zikuphatikizapo bescherepnyh (tunicates ndi Amphioxus) ndi cranial (cyclostomes (lamprey), nsomba, achule, zokwawa, mbalame ndi nyama). Oimira mtundu zimapezeka padziko lonse ndipo mu malo onse. Ambiri chordates zachangu, mafoni moyo, koma pali mitundu imene amagwira kwa gawo lapansi ndi - tunicates. Makulidwe ndi kulemera zimasiyanasiyana mu mtundu ndi izi zimatengera mtundu wa chilengedwe ndi nyama malo.

Ngakhale kuti nyama amaphatikizidwa mu mtundu wa poyambira, osiyana kwambiri m'maonekedwe, maonekedwe a mkati kapangidwe, moyo ndi chilengedwe, iwo ndi zina zofanana. Kuti mudziwe kufanana amathandiza khalidwe ambiri chordates.

chordates onse ndi:

• Ofananira mafupa, amene ukufanizidwa ndi poyambira pa bescherepnyh ndi msana mu cranial. Mafupa ali mawonekedwe a chingwe amachita ntchito zothangatira ndi amapereka elasticity thupi.

• Gill slits mu mmero. Mu protostomes zamoyo kuti moyo nthawi zonse madzi ndi musatisiye izo, gill slits kukhala moyo. Ndipo deuterostome amene anasiya malo m'madzi, kenako ku kumbuyo (anamgumiwa, anamgumi ng'ona), ndi nyama gill slits unalipo magawo ena a chitukuko embryonic, kenako kutha. M'malo mwake, iwo ukugwirira ntchito mapapo - kupuma matupi apadziko.

• Chapakati mantha dongosolo (CNS), zomwe ndi chubu ili kumbali ya kumbuyo. Mu chordates wosazindikira ndi chubu dzenje amakhalabe moyo, ndi nyama apamwamba lagawidwa ubongo ndi msana. A mathero ubongo, zomwe kuyambira dongosolo chapakati mantha, zotumphukira mantha dongosolo mawonekedwe.

• mitsempha ya magazi chatsekedwa. The mtima, ngati chubu ubongo ndi mbali ventral za thupi.

Chordates ndi makhalidwe chosiyana mwa mitundu, chifukwa cha moyo wawo ndi malo, komanso kusinthasintha kwa izo. Kuwonjezera zizindikiro za kusiyana kwa zinthu zina mu chordates ndipo ndi kufanana ndi nyama zina. kufanana:

• Amgwirizano chosokonekera n'chobadwa mphutsi mosabisa, tizilombo ndi zamoyo zina.

• Cacikulu (mwinamwake yachiwiri thupi M'mimbamo), imene ziwalo zili. M'mimbamo Secondary limapezeka annelids.

• Ndi pakamwa sekondale amene anapanga pa siteji gastrula zogonjetsa khoma.

• Metameric makonzedwe a matupi (segmental), momveka zili siteji embryonic ndi chordates wosazindikira, nyama wamkulu Tingaone mu dongosolo la minofu ndi olamulira msana. Chifukwa mtundu wa poyambira amasonyeza zizindikiro za kufanana kwa annelids ndi tizilombo.

• Pamaso pa machitidwe limba - magazi kupuma, mantha, m'mimba, excretory, ubereki.

Choncho, mtundu wa poyambira Chili nyama zomwe yodziwika ndi amgwirizano chosokonekera, ndi zambiri, pamaso pa slits gill mu magawo oyambirira chitukuko ndi zikamera wa mafupa mkati - ndi makodi, imene ili chubu ubongo. Pansi poyambira ndi m'mimba chubu.