Asidi oxalic

Reserve carboxylic diacid ndi aakulu chilinganizo C2H2O4 otchedwa ndi asidi mwadongosolo nomenclature ethanedioic. pawiri iyi imatchedwanso ndi dzina lina wamba - asidi oxalic. Choyamba opangidwa ndi German sayansi F. Wohler wa cyanogen (oxalic asidi dinitrile) mu 1824. timibulu colorless asidi ndi kusungunuka m'madzi kupanga njira colorless. molar kulemera ndi 90,04 g / mol. Mu maonekedwe akufanana ndi timibulu monoclinic colorless. Pa 20 ° C mu 100 ga madzi anali kusungunuka 8 ga asidi oxalic. Sungunuka acetone, Mowa ndi ethyl efa. Kachulukidwe 1,36 g / cm³. Chimasungunula pa 189,5 ° C, sublimes pa 125 ° C, amaola pa 100-130 ° C.

katundu onse mankhwala khalidwe la zidulo carboxylic, oxalic asidi nazo. Chilinganizo kuti: HOOC-COOH. Ngakhale kuti amatanthauza zidulo carboxylic imatengedwa ndi asidi organic (nthawi 3000 wamphamvu kuposa asidi acetic): C2O4H2 → C2O4H- + H + (pKa = 1.27) ndiponso: C2O4H- → C2O42 - + H + (PK = 4.27). Esters ndi mchere asidi uyu akutchedwa oxalate. C2O42- oxalate ion ndi wothandizila kuchepetsa. Mu anachita asidi oxalic ndi yankho la permanganate potaziyamu (KMnO4) Ndiyeno iwowa ndi anachira njira amakhala colorless. Iwo amakhala ndi anachita kusintha ndipo pang'onopang'ono madzi anachita ndi alcohols (esterification) chifukwa cha zomwe esters ndi kupangidwa: HOOC-COOH + 2HOR ↔ 2H2O + ROOC-COOR.

Makampani, asidi oxalic, akamagwira makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, mu kukhalapo kwa vanadium chothandizira (V2O5) chisakanizo cha asidi nitric (HNO3) ndi sulfuric (H2SO4) zidulo oxidize alcohols, glycols ndi chakudya. Komanso abwino njira ya ethylene ndi acetylene makutidwe ndi okosijeni acid nitric (HNO3) pamaso pa salt palladium wa PD (NO3) 2 kapena PdCl2. asidi Oxalic amapangidwa kuchokera propylene, madzi amene ali oxidized ndi asafe woipa (NO2). Iwo ali wabwino chiyembekezo ndondomeko kukonzekera zimene asidi ndi hydroxide ndi sodium (NaOH) ndi mpweya monoxide (NKHA) kudzera siteji wapakatikati la mapangidwe formate ndi sodium: NaOH + NKHA → HCOONa. Kenako anapanga ndi sodium oxalate ndi wa hydrogen adzamasulidwa: HCOONa + NaOH → NaOOC-COONa + H2 ↑. Wa oxalate ndi sodium mu malo acidic analandira asidi oxalic: NaOOC-COONa + 2H + → HOOC-COOH + 2Na +.

ofunsira Main asidi oxalic - ndi kuyeretsa kapena whitening. Oxalic asidi angathandize kuchotsa dzimbiri, ambiri kuyeretsa njira akupanga pawiri mankhwala. Kota asidi oxalic opangidwa ntchito monga mordant kwa ankaudaya ndi chikopa ndi nsalu mafakitale. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati reagent (GOST 22180-76) mu umagwirira mawunikidwe. Etandioevaya asidi dihydrate (HOOC-COOH • H2O) Lachiwiri 2431-002-77057039-2006 ndi nusu Unyinji wa thunthu zofunika ≥ 99,3% ntchito njira yopanga kaphatikizidwe organic kwa kudziyeretsa dzimbiri ndi sikelo chachitsulo kwa oyeretsa ndi sectioning wamamamayikirosikopu. Alimi ntchito oxalic asidi njira ndi nusu Unyinji wa 3.2% mu shuga manyuchi pa kulimbana ndi mite parasitic. Pa nyumba akamaliza nsangalabwi padziko ankachitira kusindikiza ndi kuwapatsa glints.

asidi Oxalic ndi oxalates pano zomera ambiri, kuphatikizapo wakuda tiyi zimapezeka nyama. The kuwonongeka waukulu anthu amagwirizana ndi kulephera aimpso, kumene kumachitika chifukwa mogwirizana asidi oxalic ndi calcium, chifukwa mu mpweya olimba kashiamu oxalate (SaS2O4) - mbali yaikulu mu miyala impso. Acid amakwiya molumikizana mafupa chifukwa mpweya wa mankhwala choterechi. asidi Oxalic akhoza kupangidwa mu thupi mwa kagayidwe ya ethylene akubwera kuchokera chilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, odana ndi icing zikutanthauza kuti processing runways of ndi ndege, komanso zina zopangidwa). mavuto kwina oxalate mu thupi la munthu angathe kugawidwa mmagawo awiri. Choyamba - zofunika macrocell kashiamu chimamanga oxalic acid ndi akusowa ake aumbike mwa maselo a zimakhala ndi ziwalo. The chachiwiri - mapangidwe miyala impso. Kuchuluka kwambiri asidi oxalic ali masamba sipinachi ndi zimayambira wa mbewu yamasamba, chotchezera, Beets, parsley, scallions.