Solovetsky sukulu kuphunzitsa Soviet Navy mbiri, Alumni, chikumbukiro

Achinyamata zovala zosalowa mchere, ndi swaying gait ndi makhalidwe amuna odziwa ... Jung - mtundu wa chizindikiro cha muyaya ndi inviolability miyambo panyanja. Ngati muli ndi mnyamata, wokonzeka osati kusiya sitimayo Woyaka, ndiye - zombo kukhala!

M'nkhani ino tikambirana pa sukulu Solovki Jung, mbiri ya bungwe ili, chilengedwe chake, ophunzirawo ndi kukumbukira.

ana Petrovs

Kanyumba mnyamata mu Russia anaonekera pafupifupi imodzi ndi zombo za - mu 1707 Petr Veliky anayambitsa sukuluyo koyamba mu dziko, kumene ophunzitsidwa oyendetsa unyamata. sukulu ili ntchito mu Kronstadt, koma posakhalitsa. Ndiye kunali sukulu yofanana pa sukulu kuyenda panyanja, ndipo pofuna anapangidwa mu 1912 kubwezeretsa bungwe Kronstadt.

Chifukwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa sukulu ngati (by njira, kwa nthawi yaitali, dzina lolembedwa kuphwanya galamala Russian - "yungov sukulu" chifukwa mawu akuti "kanyumba mnyamata" chiyambi Dutch) - kufunika angaphunzitse tsogolo amalinyero. Yapamadzi ankafunika kudziwa ndi kukhala okhoza mochuluka kuposa msilikali, ndi kukonzekera oyendetsa wabwino wa kulemba anthu usilikali kapena moti ankaweruzidwa chinali chovuta - anakhalitsa nthawi yambiri.

Boma Soviet komanso amamvetsa izi, ndipo mu 1940 anaika anyamata sukulu yake pa chilumba cha Valaam. Inde, basi kuti akapeze maphunziro abwino ophunzira ake analibe nthawi - nkhondo sanayembekezere iwo. ndi udindo wa anyamata sukulu Solovki chiyani? Tikambirana zina.

anyamata m'malo

Valaam kanyumba mnyamata anaphedwa, pafupifupi onse (anthu 200 wamoyo pali osapitirira khumi), kumenyera otchedwa "Nevsky malo". Iwo asonyeza kuti dziko lawo ndi otchuka, koma cholinga chachikulu si kukwaniritsidwa - sakanakhoza kukhala dziwe luso la apanyanja. Ndipo vuto ikukula mofulumira - kumayambiriro zaka nkhondo anakumana oyendetsa anaphedwa paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi, ndi kutibwezera ndi kulemba anthu usilikali ku madera akutali, sitinaonepo nyanja, kunali kosatheka. Osati zabwino ndi zochepa ophunzira ofuna - sanathe kulimbana ndi m'malo ovuta luso sitimayo.

Zombo anatumizayo kale anatumikira reservists, koma Iwo analinso kwambiri dzimbiri, ndi luso si chilili. Kulemba anthu usilikali, ambiri amene ali kale zoposa makumi atatu, akhoza kukhala zonse kunachitika oyendetsa akatswiri. Pali kufunika kuti akonze sukulu ya maphunziro a panyanjawa ankadziwa kuti angathe kutumikira mu nkhondo ndi kupirira makina sitimayo.

lamulo asilikali pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa sukulu

chisankho nchakuti zinapangidwa ndi Commissar USSR Anthu a yapamadzi, asilikali ng Kuznetsov. Iwo dzina lake tsopano ndi wotchuka kwambiri Russian ndege chonyamulira, akuchita kampeni posachedwa kwa nyanja ku Suriya. May 25, 1942, asilikali walemba lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa anyamata sukulu pa Islands Solovetsky.

zokakamiza anali kukonzekera amuna a ukatswiri zofunika kwambiri nkhondo: ntchito wailesi, signalers, chiongolero, magetsi, makaniko ndi Bulu Boatswain.

Solovki anali yabwino zifukwa zingapo - ndipo pafupifupi m'dera ntchito nkhondowo, ndipo ndi otetezedwa, ndi luso m'munsi mwa mtundu panali, ndi malo akale obisika mosavuta kusinthidwa kwa m'makalasi ndi m'chipindacho. maphunziro inyamuka kuyamba September 1 - Motero nthawi kugwira ndawala kutsegula ndi kukafola mapulogalamu ntchito. Msilikali odzipereka ayenera kudzera m'gulu la Komsomol. Komabe, asilikali N. G. Kuznetsov makamaka adalionetsera dongosolo lake kuti ophunzira lisakhale a Komsomol.

Ophwanya wa Geneva Convention

Ine ndiyenera kunena, ambiri ofuna mu mnyamata kanyumba anatenga kuukonza asilikali achilendo. Ngakhale mwalamulo kusukulu analembedwa usilikali achinyamata a zaka 15-16, koma pafupifupi kamodzi wakuba munali cadets, moona kuti si atapeza zaka Komsomol. M'nkhani ya nkhondo panali Nthawi zambiri za imfa kapena kuwonongeka zolembedwa ndi kutsimikizira deta anali sizingatheke. Wamng'ono Solovetsky kanyumba mnyamata pa nthawi ya kulowa kuphunzira anangokhala ... zaka 11!

Inde, ndinakhala mu kanyumba-mnyamata anyamata 15 wazaka (ndipo patatha chaka iwo anatumizidwa kukatumikira!) Kodi zosemphana ndi malamulo a zothandiza anthu Geneva Convention loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito utumiki zonse lankhondo la anthu osakwana zaka 18 zakubadwa. Koma zimenezi zili zogwirizana ndi malamulo a makhalidwe ndi anthu-mzimu Soviet achinyamata nkhondo.

anyamata Soviet adadziwa kuti: ndikofunikira kumenya achifasizimu kuti uwonongedwe wathunthu! Koma alipo Geneva Convention, ambiri a iwo sanadziwe ndipo sanafune kuti. Ana a Soviet Union, lomwe linasintha mu zitupa latsopano chaka chobadwa 1925 ndi 1923, mofulumira kwambiri kupeza kuti kutsogolo, kapena zaka 11, analumbira kuti iwo ndi 15 osiyana chachikulu ndi khalidwe zabwino polera mwana - kulakalaka akulu posachedwapa. Ndipo kukula sadazindikira molondola - monga udindo, ntchito ndi udindo.

mpikisano Wachiwawa

Ndipo mnyamata mu USSR zinali zochuluka kwambiri! Okha wakale mnyamata kanyumba anandiuza kuti, mwachitsanzo, mu Moscow, ndi kutumiza malangizo ndi mipando 500 pa malo oyamba a masiku ochepa 3,500 ofunsira anali anagonjera.

Komabe, mosamalitsa osankhidwa. cholakwa - amaganiza kuti Suvorov masukulu kapena akaphunzire sukulu pa nkhondo anatumiza yekha pokhala. Momwemonso, panali, koma ndi ana awo vagrant, izo si akumenya upandu. kawirikawiri, ofuna kukhala antchito achinyamata amene anali zigaŵenga zankhondo ang'ono ndi ana a regiments, komanso ana a asilikali anamwalira.

Iwo ankayenera kuti maphunziro osachepera 6 makalasi (ena kuchenjerera anakwanitsa kufika padziko lamulo limeneli) ndi thanzi labwino (kumene kunali kovuta - mankhwala ntchito "atakulungidwa" ambiri). Tinkawaphunzitsa kwa miyezi 9 mpaka 11, kwambiri, ndi pulogalamu ya osati mwambo wa specialization, komanso Chirasha, masamu, sayansi. Ngakhale ankachitika sukulu kuvina miyambo yabwino zombo Russian (ndi kafungo chakuti a akaphunzire kukula atsogoleri - luso kuvina ankaona kuvomerezedwa kuti "Chabwino" mwa msilikali panyanja). mnyamata ophunzitsidwa amakhala zofunika talente dziwe.

anamenyela Osadziwika akaphunzire sukulu

akaphunzire Solovetsky sukulu Navy opangidwa 5 Mabaibulo (3 nkhondo ndi 2 nditamaliza ake - ophunzirawa ali makamaka anatumiza kwa trawlers, momveka nyanja wanga). Kenaka, kusukulu Anam'samutsira Kronstadt, ndi Solovki kanyumba mnyamata inatha - panali Kronstadt.

Sukulu Solovki kuphunzitsa pa nkhondo, adawamasulira anthu 4111, ndiye anali fleets onse (anagawira bukuli view za kufunika). Pafupifupi 1,000 akaphunzire sanabwerere kunyumba, kupereka moyo anateteza Mama. Ambiri a iwo anali ntchito wailesi, koma minders angapo, zamagetsi ndi zida zankhondo. Zinali chiwongolero, signalers ndi oimira ukatswiri ena m'madzi.

Nthawi zambiri zombo maphunziro anyamata Solovki sukulu anasonyeza mwina anthu ophunzira kwambiri ndiponso kuphunzitsa gulu (kumangika ndi ndodo unapitirira mpaka mapeto a nkhondo). Mu milandu, mkhalidwe paradoxical - 16-17 wazaka mnyamata anaonekera mu udindo wa aphunzitsi ndi atsogoleri a amalume 40 wazaka. Kumene, sanaiwale kukumbutsa yungam subordination, koma ku chikhulupiriro chabwino. Komabe, moti ankaweruzidwa adakali anakumbukira bwino ntchitoyi kuthetsa umbuli wa akulu, aphunzitsi ndi agogo, nayenso, anali apainiya 10 wazaka. Kotero kuti amalinyero Soviet ali bwinobwino: achinyamata - sizikutanthauza pang'ono wodziwa.

Ife kupereka iwo chosafuna kwambiri, koma mphoto. Solovetsky maphunziro V. Moiseenko mu 1945. kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union. Sasha Kovalev (zinali ngakhale Alexander - Sasha) Anali Order ya Red Star ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse; ambiri anapatsidwa mendulo. Koma unawonongedwa kuzindikira choncho sanali kukhala. Mpaka 1985 Solovki kanyumba mnyamata ankaziona kuti ngakhale ophunzira Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo! Pakhala obisika dala mfundo za kuvomereza lumbiro ankhondo (mwina mlandu chomwecho Geneva Convention onse, kumene kunali koyenera kubisa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ya akapitawo). Only khama la polimbana Akhromeeva analola kuti akonze zinthu zopanda chilungamo.

Koma kukumbukira analimbikira mosatengera kwa malamulo ochedwetsa. Kale mu 1972 (30 lokumbukira sukulu) anayamba kuoneka manda woyamba wa anyamatawo ku Solovki, ndipo wakhala msonkhano chikhalidwe akaphunzire kale.

mosalekeza ubale

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwa akaphunzire amene anapulumuka pa nkhondoyo, kunali anthu ambiri Mipikisano aluso ambiri utakwaniritsa zosiyanasiyana ukatswiri.

Vladimir Korobov, Yu Pandorin ndi N. Usenko moyo umangidwa zombo, ndi kuwuka ankalemekeza kwa asilikali, kumbuyo asilikali ndi Captain 2 udindo. Izi oyendetsa atatu pambuyo pa nkhondo analandira udindo wa Hero wa Soviet Union m'mikhalidwe yosiyana. Anayi Alumni ena anapatsidwa Star ya Hero wa Socialist Labor.

I. K. Peretruhin anasankha usilikali m'dera lina - anakhala mkulu wa counterintelligence. Iye anadzionetsa kanyumba mnyamata ndi amene anaganiza kusintha mawonekedwe ndi kapu yake pa suti wamba. BT Shtokolov udachita mutu wa Chithunzi Anthu a USSR - anali wotchuka kuimba, yoimba yoimba mizere. V. V. Leonov ali ndi nyenyezi mu ambiri mafilimu; Komanso, iye anali bard, ankachita masewera yoimba nyimbo zake. GN Matyushin anamenyera kuteteza mbiri ya dziko lakwawo monga mwamphamvu ngati kutetezera mdani - archeologists analandira udindo wa academician. VG Guzanov analemba zolembedwa kwa mafilimu ndi mabuku; Iye anachita zinthu zambiri kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe Chirasha Japanese asapita, anamuzindikira katswiri maphunziro Japanese. Ena mwa mabuku ake olembedwa Japanese.

Koma kwambiri wotchuka ali mmodzi wa olakwa zoipa kwambiri wa Geneva Convention. Valentin Savich Pikul pamene kulowa Solovetsky sukulu chaka zimachitika yekha. Iye ankayenera kuti anyamule ntchito nkhondowo, koma tsoka anali yabwino - yapamadzi wamng'ono anapulumuka. Kenako V. S. Pikul wotchuka ngati mwina wotchuka kwambiri Soviet ndi Russian wolemba okhazikika mu mabuku mbiri. owerenga Soviet (zambiri wosasatitsidwa mabuku abwino) anali mokomera mabuku ake ima pamzere ndi chinaonekeranso iwo wekha pa makina olembera. Pa nthawi yomweyo pafupifupi theka la mabuku Pikul njira kapena china, koma ndi mutu m'madzi.

Buku za Boys anyamata sukulu Solovki 'ndi mauta "

Musaiwale wolemba ndi unyamata wake mafunde mu Solovki. anapereka buku "Anyamata ndi mauta" kuti comrades wake pa anyamata sukulu komanso tsogolo lawo amakhumudwa. Iye anafotokoza moyo ndi tsoka la Solovki sukulu ya omaliza maphunziro ake ku ntchito zawo ndi VG Guzanov.

Ngati ntchito zimenezi ndi akaphunzire kale kwenikweni autobiographical mabuku, pali otchuka ndi kubweretsa achinyamata lino tsiku kukumbukira za masuku pamutu anzawo. Mu buku la "The nyanja ndi kuyitanira wolimba" angaperekedwe chitsanzo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti inafalitsidwa mu Yaroslavl - Yaroslavl kumene kumene Solovki!

mbiri ya Solovki akaphunzire sukulu zinaonetsera mafilimu a kanema ya Soviet - filimu ofotokoza "Young kumpoto zombo" inajambulidwa.

Memory mu mwala wa sukulu wotchuka

Nkhanizi wangwiro komanso amasunga ft woyenera wamng'ono ngwazi zovala zosalowa. The chipilala choyamba anaonekera pa Solovki polemekeza chikumbutso 30 ya sukulu. Wake mnyamata wakale kanyumba anamanga okha, paokha ndi ndalama zawo.

Patapita chilolezo cha boma ya Solovki Jung anamenyela Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, kupitirizabe chikumbukiro iwo ankagwira boma komanso anthu ena onse. Mu Moscow mu 1995, panali malo a Solovki akaphunzire. Mu 1993, chipilala kuti amalinyero wamng'ono anakhala pa padoko ya kumpoto Dvina, ndipo mu 2005 - pa dzina lake polemekeza m'dera lawo (anthu awiri onsewa, wolemba analankhula ziboliboli F. Sogayan).

Koma chipilala chidwi kwambiri waima pa bwalo la munthu sukulu Moscow (tsopano - "Ofukula" zolimbitsa thupi). Iye anawonekera mu 1988, ndi woyambitsa wa ntchito linali maphunziro a Solovetsky - wojambula E. N. Goryachev. Moscow School ndi anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa analenga dziko loyamba owonetsera zakale Solovetsky akaphunzire - mothandizidwa ndi anamenyela okha ndi mphunzitsi ndi wophunzira changu. Tikumbukenso kuti mbali yofunika kwambiri mu gulu lake ankaimba Komsomol - ndi Communist Youth Union chinkhoswe osati mabodza, komanso (mokulirapo) ndi maphunziro abwino ndiponso dziko lawo. Museum anaonekera mu 1983, ndipo mpaka 2012 izo ankapita ndi Captain 1 Udindo (Ret) N. V. Osokin - zakale Solovetsky Jung.

"Si ine ndikuganiza, comrades, kuti owonera zakale yungah lotseguka" - analemba pa nthawiyi bard V. V. Leonov. ndakatulo wake anakhala Mwambi wa bungwe limeneli.

Odala chikumbutso, comrades!

Mu 2017, pa 75th chikumbutso kwa Solovki akaphunzire sukulu. Zikondwerero pa nkhaniyi inachitika ku Moscow, Arkhangelsk ndipo, ndithudi, pa Solovki. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, tsogolo la ophunzira kale (13 iwo tsopano moyo pa arhangelogorodschine) ndi sukulu payokha Solovetsky Arkhangelsk Jung ndi utsogoleri wake ndi chidwi kwambiri. Mwambo wapadera unachitikira mwambo mwambo msonkhano wa ophunzirawo ochepa. Dongosolo dera anayamba kulankhula za kufunika kwa kulenga mwa Solovki owonetsera zakale ndi chikumbutso.

Kwenikweni - Solovetsky Islands, kumene anyamata kusukulu ankakhala, tingachititsidwe manyazi kuti pankhani imeneyi iwo anapereka ulamuliro Moscow. Makamaka tsopano kuti utsogoleri wa panopa Solovetsky obisika limabweretsa kanthu kulenga Jung Museum ndi kumvetsetsa ndi thandizo. Pakuti chifukwa zabwino Chimonko kugwirizana pang'ono "kusuntha" ndipo kuti amathandiza aliyense mu ntchito za sayansi ndi gulu.

Ndipo kungakhale obadwanso ndi sukulu payokha. Pulezidenti wa Russia anatumiza kupereka kusamukira ku Solovki ena nyumba sitima Cadet Corps kuti kachiwiri pa makhoti a ku Russia anali amunamuna Solovki kanyumba mnyamata. Amene akudziwa. Mwina nkhani ya akaphunzire wotchuka Solovetsky sukulu sali pa ...