Voivod Shein: yochepa mbiri ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Spring m'mawa, April 28, 1634 Moscow anthu phokoso akhamukira ku Red Square. Ngakhale pano, ku likulu, amakonda kupereka za chochitika adziwitse wachititsa ambiri chisangalalo - nthabwala, ndi scaffold anachita kukwera waukulu wachifumu kazembe Shein, ndi pamodzi ndi iye ndi wachiwiri wake Artem Izmailov ndi mwana wake Basil. Kodi kwachititsa scaffold amenewa dzulo amacheza ndi anthu mwaulemu?

Young climber - wolowa nyumba wa banja lakale

Za kumene ndi pamene anabadwa kazembe Shein Mihail Borisovich, mudziwe alibe zinasungidwa, koma, malinga ndi ofufuza ena timakonda amakhulupirira kuti mwambo umenewu zinachitika mochedwa 70 ntchentche za m'ma XVI. Ife tikudziwa kuti iye anachokera kwa mzere wautali olemekezeka Shein akamatchula akupezeka mu Mbiri, kuyambira m'zaka XIV.

njira yanu pamwamba pa utsogoleri wolowezana wa bwalo Bwanamkubwa Shein anayamba monga squire nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Boris Godunov Serpukhov pa nkhondo yake yolimbana ndi magulu a anthu Chitata Khan Giray Gaza. Iye analimbitsa ufumu wake ndi kukwatira mwana wa mmodzi wa abale kwambiri a mfumu - Maria Godunov. Pedigree, ndi autocrat, iye mwadzidzidzi anakwera makwerero, ndipo posakhalitsa analandira udindo wolemekezeka kwambiri nthawi zimenezi Chashnik, ndiko kuti, boma anali kuyang'anira kosungira vinyo wa mwayekha lapansi.

Chiyambi cha phukusi Polish

Kuyambira migolo ya vinyo kunja achinyamata fuko lomveka Mikhail Shein chinang'ambika ntchito asilikali zinachitika mogwirizana ndi kuwukira mu 1604 ku Poland-Chilituyaniya asilikali ndi zikamera mkati Russia wonyenga Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry I. nawo Nkhondo ya Novgorod-Seversky, iye nafundira mu ulemerero, atapulumutsa ku kwayandikirako imfa ya mtsogoleri wa asilikali Russian wa Prince Fedor Mstislavovich. Kwa mlingo umenewu Mfumu kumulola anthu otchuka ndi kuika warlord waukulu anagwira ku mzinda mdani.

The zochitika wotsatira zinachitika m'njira yakuti, chifukwa imfa Borisa Godunova ndi misa kutengerapo a ambiri a anthu a midzi yoyandikana ndi midzi kumbali ya Lzhedmitriya Ine Shein anali analamulanso kuti alumbire kuti azimvera wonyenga, ndipo kokha kugwa chayandikira cha otsiriza adampulumutsa chilumbiro yaukapolo.

ndewu latsopano ndi china

A ntchito yotamandika kwambiri ankaimba ndi kazembe Shein ndi kupondereza kugalukira Ivan Bolotnikov, kunabuka nthawi ya ulamuliro Ivana Shuyskogo. Monga mbali ya asilikali anatumiza pogonjetsa woukira, kusiya njira ya magulu a magazi ake okha ndi kuwonongedwa, iye nawo nkhondo yonse ikuluikulu ya msonkhano. Iye analibe mwayi kulimbana ndi pansi Yelets, ndi Pakhra mtsinje, ndipo makoma a boma la Russia, kumene iye anatsogolera Regiment Smolensk olemekezeka. Panali kazembe achinyamata ndi pakati kumuwombera pa, anazinga Tula, amene wakhala phata lotsiriza la bolotnikovtsev.

Pamene 1607 panali kuopseza adani a Smolensk asilikali a Polish Mfumu Sigismund, lamulo la meya mfumu iye anasankhidwa kukhala kazembe Shein. Smolensk silikhali zimatanthauza Ntchito yaikulu njira, iye atagona mu njira ya mdani Moscow. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kazembe anapita ku udindo waukulu.

Njira ya nkhondo la adani

Poyembekezera njira za mdani, limene, mogwirizana ndi deta zilipo, kuyembekezera pa linga la mzinda kumayambiriro kwa September 1609, bwanamkubwa Shein imachitika yaikulu kukonzekera ntchito umalimbana kulimbitsa mzinda. Makamaka, pa malangizo ake anali magawo mpanda khoma anamangidwa kwambiri mu Boris Godunov, ndipo analenga zina mkati mizere angapo zozitetezera. Kuti amasowa luso mdani amapezerapo mwayi malo Zadneprovsky anabzala, onse a nyumba zake anatentha, ndi okhala mayadi oposa 600 kuika mkati mpanda wolimba kwambiri.

Kumayambiriro October anayandikira asilikali Smolensk Sigismund, amene anawerengedwa 12.5 zikwi. Anthu. Iwo anali otsutsa ndi 5.5 zikwi. Zokometsera mzindawu. Iwo anayamba ungwazi chosasimbika yodzitetezera wake wa mzinda, amene anatha miyezi 20. Pa mapeto a mbiri yakale ambiri ankhondo, zinali chitsanzo cha angapo latsopano ndi underdeveloped mu mchitidwe Russian a zidule mwatsatanetsatane.

Kutetezedwa, imene inatha mu kugonjetsedwa

Makamaka, tikulankhula za otchedwa nkhondo mobisa anachita ndi makoma a muzinda, pamene anakumba pansi makoma a linga ndi tambirimbiri wanga anamasulira kuonongedwa, kuchititsa zomvetsa ndithu kwa Zitsulo. Iwo anapita mu mbiri ndi kusonyeza sokonezedwe ambiri kugwiridwa ndi asilikali anazinga. Iwo atsopano pa nthawi njira ya ntchito, anayamba ndi kazembe Shein.

Kutetezedwa Smolensk Komabe, ndi mwezi uliwonse inali ntchito akadali zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kunja thandizo anazinga sanalandire, ndipo zawozawo kokatha. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, m'chaka cha 1611, pamene 5.5 zikwi. The zokometsera anapulumuka anthu 200 okha, mizati anatenga tauni.

Nkaidi wotsatira kubwerera ku Moscow

Anthu ena, pothawa adani, zokhoma yekha mu kachisi mzinda yaikulu - Monomakh Cathedral, ndipo anafa chifukwa cha kuphulika linali pansi anam'patsa magaziniyo ufa. A kazembe Sheina Zitsulo anagwidwa ndi kutumizidwa ku Poland, komwe anakhala zaka eyiti mu ndende, mpaka mapeto a armistice Deulino, chimodzi cha zinthu zimene anali kuwombola akaidi.

Pakati anabwerako analinso kazembe Shein. Photos, kubereka fano lake pa chithunzi cha otchuka Russian wojambula Yuri Melkova (anayikidwa pa chiyambi cha nkhani), ngati iwo samadzinenera kukhala chithunzi chikhalidwe, ndiye, Mulimonsemo, limapereka chithunzi chake mu maso a anthu, amene ankamuona kumbuyo Lathu, ngati ngwazi yadzaoneni. Nkhondo siinamalizidwe, ndi pa ziyembekezo ukapolo kwambiri a dzulo.

Kachiwiri pansi makoma a Smolensk

Mu Moscow, kazembe Shein kum'lemekeza chonse ndiponso malo a Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Iye anapatsidwa udindo wotsogolera ofufuza malamulo, koma kazembe ndi mtima wanga wonse chinang'ambika ankhondo, ndipo mu 1632, pamene tsiku lomalizira ndi anatsirizika Deulino osayanjanitsika, Mfumu anatumizidwa kuti amumasule kotero losaiwalika Smolensk.

Ngakhale kuti lamulo lake anali ankhondo kutali laling'onolo mphamvu za zokometsera ndi ntchito kunali kosatheka oweruza. The ofufuza chinkhoswe mu kuphunzira zochititsa kwambiri mbiri Russian, atapereka Mabaibulo angapo kufotokoza nkhaniyi.

kugonjetsedwa wina

Malinga ndi ambiri a iwo, chifukwa cholephera panali akuchedwa a boma chigawenga asilikali udindo kundipatsako kwa anazinga Smolensk wamphamvu omenyerapo nkhosa imene adani akhoza kulowa mzindawo. Ena amaganiza kuti kusokonezedwa zonse mu njira ya ntchito asilikali wosadziŵa mu munda wa Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich ndipo anavomereza kuti cholakwa. Pali mbali ya Baibulo monga lomwe, vinyo makamaka chili ndi kazembe Shein.

mwanjira ina, koma nthawi yabwino yomasulira mzinda, chauzimu, ndipo posakhalitsa anafika ku mzindawo masauzande ambiri ankhondo a Sigismund III anakankha adani kumufunsa osayanjanitsika a. Iwo anali analandira n'kulola Shein ndi asilikali zopatsidwa kwa iye amachoka pa makoma a Smolensk, koma zinthu zamanyazi kwa iwo.

Moyo anafupikitsa pa scaffold ndi

Mu Moscow, anagonjetsa kazembe ankayembekezera kuposa phwando ozizira. The mlandu kulephera kwa asilikali wapatsidwa kwa iye. Komanso, dzulo mfumu ankakonda mlandu woukira boma, zochokera mphekesera, akuti pamene Polish ukapolo, analumbira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa Mfumu Sigismund III. Koma akatswiri ambiri masiku ano amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa anali chilakolako cha Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich mlandu kazembe kumugonjera kulakwa kwake mu utsogoleri wa ntchito usilikali. mwanjira ina, koma msonkhano ndi mwachangu Boyar ntchito anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe.

Uthenga kuti Shein kazembe mlandu wa imfa ndi anapalamula pansi makoma a Smolensk, kunaoneka ndi anthu amene anakhalako ndi osokoneza kwambiri. Ambiri a asilikali amene anamenya pansi pa lamulo la Shein choyamba, moona anakwiya ndi kuopseza kuti kalekale kupuma usilikali, koma panali iwo amene sakonda adaletsa Glee. Makamaka ambiri a iwo anali atazunguliridwa ndi mfumu. Mwina anthu a intrigue ndi anagwera kamodzi akulemekezedwa onse kazembe Shein, kanthawi yonena amene anapanga maziko a nkhani yathu.