Waukulu chomera minofu: ikulongosola lathunthu

Nsalu - dongosolo wopangidwa mwa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofanana amene ntchito wamba. nyama zonse multicellular ndi zomera (kupatulapo algae) zigwirizana osiyanasiyana minofu.

Kodi nsalu?

Mu zimakhala nyama anawagawa mitundu inayi:

• zaminyewa;
• minofu;
• zolumikizira;
• mantha minofu.

Onse a iwo, kupatula mantha, anagawa nayenso mu mitundu. Choncho, epithelium angakhale kiyubiki, mosabisa, cylindrical, ciliated champhamvu. Minofu minofu lagawidwa striated, mtima ndi yosalala. Gulu tichipeza mafuta connective, wandiweyani fibrous, CHIKWANGWANI lotayirira, reticular, fupa ndi chichereŵechereŵe, magazi ndi lymph.

Bzalani zimakhala mitundu awa:

• maphunziro;
• conductive;
• ❖ kuyanika;
• mawotchi minofu;
• excretory (secretory);
• minofu chimapangitsa (parenchyma).

Onse m'magulu boma. Choncho, chifukwa zimakhala maphunziro ali osatha, intercalary, mbali ndi bala. Conductive kugawidwa mu xylem ndi phloem. Kubisa nsalu kuphatikiza mitundu itatu: ndi khungu, Nkhata Bay ndi Nkhata Bay. Buku lagawidwa collenchyma ndi sclerenchyma. Secretory minofu lagawidwa mitundu. A lalikulu chomera minofu, monga ena onse, ndi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi chachikulu chomera minofu?

Pali anayi a mitundu ake. Choncho, nsalu chachikulu ndi:

• aquifer;
• pneumatic;
• kuloŵerera;
• katundu pamwamba.

Iwo ndi dongosolo ofanana, koma ena kusiyana ndi mzake. Ntchito yaikulu ya amitundu inayi minofu ndi yosiyana komanso.

Kapangidwe ka nsalu: mudziwe ambiri

Nsalu zoyambirira za mitundu onse anayi lapangidwa ndi maselo amoyo ndi makoma woonda. Nsalu ya mtundu uwu tikutchedwera chifukwa iwo ndi maziko a ziwalo zonse zofunika. Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka nsalu zoyambirira za mtundu uliwonse payekha mwatsatanetsatane.

Madzi mwankhanza minofu: kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Nsalu chachikulu cha mtundu inamangidwa maselo akuluakulu makoma woonda. Mu vacuoles maselo a minofu mucous lili chinthu chapadera, limene lakonzedwa kuti musunge chinyezi.

Nchito aquifer nsalu kwagona kuti zimasunga chinyezi.

Ndi madzi mwankhanza parenchyma mu umatheka ndi masamba a zomera monga cacti, agave, aloe, ndi zina, kukula mu nyengo louma. Chifukwa ambiri ngati chomera minofu akhoza M'sitolo pa madzi vuto la mvula sadzakhala yaitali.

NKHANI pneumatic parenchyma

minofu chimapangitsa maselo a mitundu ali chapatali Chrixitu. Pakati ndi malo intercellular imene mpweya kusungidwa.

Ntchito parenchyma ndi kuti lili ndi maselo zimakhala zina za zomera ndi mpweya woipa ndi oxygen.

Pali minofu ngati m'thupi makamaka mu chithaphwi ndi zomera za m'madzi. M'dziko n'kovuta.

Assimilative parenchyma: kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Amakhala ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe maselo woonda-mipanda.

Mkati mwa selo kuloŵerera minofu ambiri ali chloroplasts - ndi organelles udindo photosynthesis.

organelles awa ndi nembanemba awiri. Mkati mwa thylakoids chloroplast ali - matumba discoid wa michere ali iwo. Iwo anasonkhana pa makatoni - grana. Recent cholukanalukana ndi lamellar - elongated nyumba ofanana thylakoids lapansi. Komanso, chloroplasts ndi wowuma inclusions ribosome zofunika kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni, DNA ndi RNA malo.

The ndondomeko ya dzuwa - kupoletsa zinthu organic ku zochita kupanga ndi michere ndi dzuwa mphamvu - amapezeka thylakoids. The puloteni zikuluzikulu zomwe amapereka motero mankhwala wotchedwa chlorophyll. mankhwala ndi zobiriwira (kumuyamikila masamba ndi zimayambira ya zomera ndi mtundu uwu).

Choncho, ntchito zikuluzikulu za mtundu uwu minofu - dzuwa tatchulazi, komanso kuwombola mpweya.

Kuloŵerera minofu ndi ambiri otukuka mu masamba ndi chapamwamba zimayambira ya zomera herbaceous. izo ndi alipo zipatso wobiriwira. Kuloŵerera minofu si pamwamba pa masamba ndi zimayambira, ndi mandala khungu zozitetezera.

Features yosungirako parenchyma

Maselo a minofu ili yodziwika monga kukula sing'anga. Makoma awo ndi ambiri wochepa thupi, koma akhoza unakhuthala.

Ntchito yosungirako parenchyma - kusungiramo zakudya. Mwaichi, nthawi zambiri, ali ngati wowuma, inulin, ndi zina chakudya, ndipo nthawizina - mapuloteni, amino zidulo ndi mafuta.

Ndi nsalu ya mtundu umenewu mu mazira a mbewu za zomera pachaka, komanso endosperm lapansi. Mu osatha therere, zitsamba, maluwa ndi mitengo kuwonjezera nsalu akhale mababu a, tubers, mizu, komanso pachimake pa tsinde la.

Pomaliza

Nsalu chachikulu - zofunika kwambiri mu thupi la zomera, chifukwa ndi maziko a ziwalo zonse. Nsalu ya mtundu uwu kupereka ndondomeko zonse zofunika, kuphatikizapo dzuwa ndi kuwombola mpweya. Komanso, minofu zofunika udindo kulenga mndandanda wa zinthu organic (zambiri kwambiri ndi wowuma) zomera okha, komanso mbewu zawo. Komanso michere mankhwala organic mu parenchyma akhoza zosungika mpweya ndi madzi. Pneumatic ndipo zimakhala madzi zobala alibe onse zomera. Masiku ano woyamba yekha mu chipululu, ndipo chachiwiri - mu mitundu madambo aakulu.