Matenthedwe injini. Mitundu ya injini kutentha

Kutentha injini - makina amene akuchita ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mafuta. makina akugwiritsa ntchito injini zimenezi, otembenuka mphamvu matenthedwe mu makina ndi likukhudza kuwonjezeka mankhwala kudalira mtengo kutentha.

Woyamba kutentha injini anawonekera mu Ufumu wa Roma. Iwo ali kunja kuyaka chopangira mphamvu ukugwira ntchito pa nthunzi. Koma chifukwa cha otsika a luso, kuyambitsa sanali olemera. The patsogolo zinalibe amadza ndipo posakhalitsa. Kenako, mu China panali onga Cannon ndi onga roketi. Zinali chipangizo osavuta. Ku maganizo a zimango za ufa sanali kutenthetsa roketi galimoto, koma pamaso pa sayansi ndi injini kutentha. Kale m'zaka za m'ma 17, asayansi ayesetsa kuyambitsa kutentha injini zachokera mfuti ufa.

Mitundu ya injini kutentha

Ikukhudzana injini kunja kuyaka:

1. Stirling injini - chipangizo matenthedwe imene gaseous kapena madzi ntchito sing'anga zimapangitsa kuyenda m'madera kumangidwanso. chipangizo Izi zachokera kuzirala zodziwitsa ndi Kutentha wa madzimadzi ntchito. Pamene yotengedwa mphamvu kumachitika pamene buku ntchito za thupi. Stirling injini akhoza mothandizidwa ndi kwina kulikonse kutentha.

2. Mpweya wotentha injini. ntchito yaikulu - ndi kuphweka ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri samatha, zomwe si bwanji ntchito. Choncho n'zotheka kuchita popanda gearbox lapansi. injini Izi nthunzi akuyerekeza akutsutsana pa injini kuyaka mkati pa revs otsika opereka mphamvu osakwanira. Pachifukwa ichi, injini nthunzi ndi conveniently ntchito ngati samatha galimoto. Kuipa: otsika dzuwa, otsika liwiro, zonse otaya madzi ndi mafuta, kulemera kwakukulu. Pamaso injini nthunzi anali injini yekha. Koma iwo amafuna kwambiri kwa mafuta komanso m'nthawi yozizira. Ndiye, iwo pang'onopang'ono m'malo Motors, injini kuyaka mkati, turbines nthunzi ndipo mpweya, omwe yaying'ono, apamwamba dzuwa, ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana ndi dzuwa.

Kutentha kwa injini kuyaka:

1. Ice (amayimira injini kuyaka mkati), - mota, lomwe pa ntchito, mbali ya mafuta kuyaka n'kukhala mphamvu mawotchi. Reciprocating injini kuyaka mkati amasiyana mtundu mafuta (mpweya ndi madzi) za ntchito mkombero (thuu ndi zinayi sitiroko), mwa njira yokonza osakaniza ntchito (carburettor, injini dizilo), mphamvu kutembenuka mtundu (chopangira mphamvu zimagwira pisitoni ndi zotakasika). Woyamba mkati kuyaka injini kupangidwa ndi mwakuchita E. Lenoir 1860. The mkombero opaleshoni tichipeza zikwapu anayi, pachifukwa ichi, injini chimenechi chimatchedwanso zinayi sitiroko. Panopa, injini izi ambiri mu magalimoto.

2. A makina mkati kuyaka engine. Mwachitsanzo, ndi magetsi siteshoni kutentha kugwira ntchito mu m'munsi ndi chapamwamba modes. Mtundu wa injini ndi osavuta ndipo akhoza analenga zakukula kulikonse. M'malo pistons ntchito ozungulira onsewo mu chipinda chapadera. M'menemo muli ili inlets ndi zofalitsira, ndi mphamvu pulagi. Mu mtundu uwu wa zinayi sitiroko mkombero kapangidwe imagwiridwa popanda nthawi. Mu makina mkati injini kuyaka akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta wotchipa. Iye pafupifupi amalenga Phokoso, mtengo ndiponso otetezeka kubala kuposa injini pisitoni kutentha.

3. roketi ndi ndege kutentha injini. Akamanena za zipangizozi ndi kuti atsitse analenga osati wononga, ndipo ndi lililonse la utsi mpweya wa injini. Angalenge chilakolako mu malo opanda mpweya. Pali olimba, madzi ndi wosakanizidwa).

Ndipo subspecies lomaliza - ndi injini turboprop kutentha. Creation mphamvu kumachitika chifukwa wononga ndi chifukwa mmene mipweya utsi.