Mitundu ya ndalama ntchito. Zosintha, zokhazikika ndi ndalama okwana

Monga tikudziwa, palibe kupanga sangaonekerenso popanda mtengo wa pogula katundu kupanga. Iwo amatchedwa ndalama. Ndiziyesa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. kusanthula mtengo lero ikuchitika ndi kulemekeza linanena bungwe ndi mtengo-kuwunika njira.

Poganizira malonda ndondomeko pa kaonedwe ka wogulitsa, cholinga chachikulu cha kupoletsa ndalama kuchokera ndikupeleka chidzatha ndi reimbursement wa mtengo wokhudzana ndi kupanga mankhwala.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, kuonetsetsa zina, kuwerengera ndi ndalama zachuma.

Kunawerengedwa (chuma) ndalama ndi ndalama malonda, limene, mogwirizana ndi wabizinesi, iye anali atamva pa ndondomeko kupanga. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, monga:

• chuma yotengedwa ndi kampani;
• chuma zoweta sanali m'gulu la zolowa msika;
• phindu wabwinobwino, wazamalonda amaona ngati malipiro a chiopsezo ku malonda.

Choncho mtengo chuma wazamalonda chimakhulupirira, Choyamba, azilipira mwa mitengo. Ngati pa zifukwa zina anali, ndiye iye akupita ku msika.

Kupeza zolowetsa koyenera kuti ogwira amafuna zipangizo zina. Malipiro, ndalama ndalama kugwirizana ndi kupeza chuma, wotchedwa ndalama mlandu. Nthawi zonse zosakwana zachuma. Makamaka zimenezi chifukwa chakuti ndalama mlandu atengedwa mu nkhani yekha mtengo chenicheni cha pogula katundu kupanga kwa ogulitsa lachitatu chipani. ndalama izi malamulo zalembedwa, alipo mwa mawonekedwe weniweni, amene ali maziko a mlandu.

Kuchuluka kupanga zivute zitani kumabweretsa ponso ndalama. Popeza chitukuko cha ulimi sangakhale wopandamalire, ndalama amaonedwa monga mmodzi wa magawo ndi kiyi kudziwa mulingo woyenera kukula kwa ogwira ntchito a.

Pali ndalama zomwe gulu ali, kaya buku la ntchito yopanga. Kodi anthu ndalama zonse. gulu la ndalama monga kubwereka kwa malo, ndalama zida amortization, ngongole, misonkho, ntchito, ogwira ntchito za kampani kulipira.

Pali mtengo, kukula kwa potsata buku kupanga. ndalama amatchedwa zosintha. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo mtengo wa malonda, kayendedwe, zipangizo, ntchito, ogwira ntchito za malipiro lachitatu chipani ndi ena. Patsogolo ulimi amakwiya ponso ndi kuchepetsa - kuchepetsa ndalama variable.

Kudulidwa kwa ndalama mu zosintha ndi zokhazikika imatengedwa makonzedwe. Ntchito za gulu limeneli kwa nthawi yochepa, imene zinthu zingapo kupanga ndi zonse.

Variable ndi kuliika ndalama kuchuluka kwa mtundu okwana ndalama. Izi okwana ndalama ndalama za kampani kwa kupanga ena katundu buku.

Kudalirana ndi kugwirizana ndalama atathana ndi variable chimaoneka mwamasamu motere:

TC- VC = FC;

FC + VC = TC;

TC- FC = VC.

Mu FC ichi - atathana ndi VC - mtengo variable, ndi TC - okwana ndalama.

Mu anapezazo, ndi mtengo pomanga chintchito tisaiwale kuti FC ali wofanana ndi zina zonse. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndalama okwana zimasiyana malinga ndi VC khalidwe. M'mawu ena, chiwerengero ndalama za kampani kwa kanthawi kochepa ofunitsitsa ndi zochita za chilamulo cha kuchepetsa zokolola mmphepete.

Avereji okwana ndalama kuimira okwana ndalama, omwe chifukwa cha chofunika kwambiri. ndalama izi poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa mankhwala, ndi chifukwa anapanga lingaliro kwa profitability za bungwe. Wapakati ndalama aakulu yafupika chifukwa variable m'munsi ndipo anakonza ndalama pafupifupi.