Kodi electromagnet? mitundu ndi cholinga

Nkhani anafotokoza kuti zimenezi electromagnet, pa zifukwa ziti ntchito, ndi ziti ntchito mtundu wa maginito.

nyese

Mwina mmodzi wa chodabwitsa kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo zochita wophweka thupi nyese. Komabe zaka zoposa zikwi zitatu zapitazo, akatswiri ambiri a Girisi ndi China anali wodziwika kwa katundu osaka "miyala maginito."

Pa nthawi yomweyo, maginito wathu siyachilendo, ngakhale amphamvu kwambiri - pamaziko a neodymium. Nthawi zambiri ogulitsidwa monga zokongoletsera kapena kukumana iwo akhale zosiyanasiyana zoimbira ndi njira. Komabe, anthu ochepa mukudziwa nyese kufunika chikulepheretsa sayansi ndi luso.

Koma pachiyambi cha m'ma XIX iwo unalengedwa ndi chipangizo monga electromagnet ndi. Nanga ndi electromagnet, momwe ntchito kumene ntchito? Izi ndi zimene tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

tanthauzo

Electromagnet - chipangizo wapadera, machitidwe amene amalenga maginito pa ntchito ya magetsi. Nthawi zambiri, tichipeza electromagnets ya pulayimale kumulowetsa ndi pakati, amene ali katundu ferromagnetic.

koyilo Nthawi zambiri za mawaya mkuwa kapena zotayidwa wa thicknesses osiyana mosamala wokutidwa ndi kutchinjiriza. Koma pali electromagnets zipangizo superconducting. Okha monga maginito mitima zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, kasakaniza wazitsulo chitsulo faifi tambala, kapena zitsulo. Pofuna kuchepetsa imfa mu Mafunde zimakochezapo, ndi mitima maginito anapangidwa ndi akonzedwa amapanga lonse la wopyapyala. Tsopano ife tikudziwa chomwe maginito. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mbiri pogwiritsa zothandiza.

nkhani

Mlengi electromagnet ankaona Uilyam Sterdzhen. Iye ndiye anali mu 1825 anapanga woyamba maginito amenewa. Amapanga chipangizo ndi chidutswa cylindrical a ayironi amene anali atamangika padziko pakatikati amalimata waya mkuwa. Pa nthawi pamene analola magetsi kuchokera katundu zitsulo ndodo maginito zinazake. Ndipo pamene otaya masiku ano linasokonekera, lonse chipangizo nyese yomweyo anataya. Ndi khalidwe - kuti athe kapena kuletsa ngati n'koyenera - ndipo amalola ntchito electromagnets angapo a mitundu sayansi ndi mafakitale.

Tafotokoza funso kodi electromagnet. Tsopano, ife tisanthule mitundu amafotokoza. Amawapatula malingana njira kupoletsa ndi maginito. Koma ntchito zawo akanali yemweyo.

mitundu

The electromagnets ndi mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Ndale DC. Mu ichi dongosolo maginito kamwazi kwaiye zonse magetsi anadutsa koyilo lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu ya kukopa kwa electromagnet imasiyana malingana yekha pa mtengo wa panopa osati malangizo ake mu kumulowetsa.
• Magetsi DC. Ntchito ya electromagnet wa mtundu uwu zachokera pamaso pa awiri fluxes palokha maginito. Ngati ife kulankhula za polarizing, kukhalapo kwake nthawi analengedwa ndi maginito okhazikika (mu nthawi zina - electromagnets zina), ndipo m'pofunika kulenga mphamvu wokongola pamene koyilo ndi wazimitsa. Ndipo zimenezi wa electromagnet chimadalira pa ukulu ndi malangizo a magetsi chimene chimatichititsa mu kumulowetsa.
• AC. Mu zipangizo zimenezi, koyilo solenoid ndi amphamvu AC magetsi. Choncho, ndi pafupipafupi zina maginito kamwazi akasintha kolowera wake ndi ukulu. A kukopa mphamvu osiyanasiyana mu ukulu yekha, ichi ndi chifukwa chake ndi "kugunda" kwa osachepera kukhala wofunika pazipita pa pafupipafupi amene ali phindu awiri ndi kulemekeza pafupipafupi kotunga ake a magetsi.

Ndi kuti, kodi maganizo awo ali, ife ankadziwa bwino. Tsopano, tiyeni tione zitsanzo za ntchito electromagnets.

makampani

Mwina aliyense kamodzi, koma ndaona Kusiyana kwa chipangizo ichi monga zochotsa maginito. Izi wandiweyani "pancake" wa diameters osiyanasiyana, amene ali wamkulu wokongola mphamvu ndi ntchito katundu, zitsulo zotha ntchito, ndipo ambiri zitsulo zina. Mayiko ndi mphamvu kuchokera zokwanira - ndi katundu lonse yomweyo disengaged, ndi mosemphanitsa. Zimenezi zimatithandiza kwambiri pa ndondomeko ya potsegula ndi katundu.

Mphamvu ya electromagnet, mwa njira, ndi kuchita masamu ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi: F = 40550 ∙ B ^ 2 ∙ S. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, F - ndi mphamvu makilogalamu (akhoza amayezedwa Newtons), B - kufunika kupatsidwa ulemu, ndipo S - ntchito padziko dera chipangizo.

mankhwala

Mu m'ma XIX, ndi electromagnets akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala. Mmodzi mwa anthu amenewo Mwachitsanzo - chipangizo wapadera kuti angachotsedwe pamaso pa matupi yachilendo (zodulidwa zitsulo, dzimbiri, lonse, etc).

Ndipo mu nthawi yathu, electromagnets ali komanso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zachipatala, ndipo mwina munthu mwa zipangizozi, amene onse anamva za - ndi Kujambula. Iwo amagwira ntchito pa maziko a kulingalira maginito kumveka, ndi zoona, ndi electromagnets zikuluzikulu komanso zamphamvu.

zida

Komanso, maginito amenewa ntchito okonza zosiyanasiyana ndi zamagetsi, mu dera zoweta, monga maloko. maloko oterowo ndi yabwino chakuti kudya ndi zosavuta ntchito, koma ndi okwanira mu kusagwirizana mwadzidzidzi nyumba - ndipo onse a iwo adzatsegulidwa, umene uli yabwino kwambiri patabuka moto.

Ndipo, ndithudi, ntchito ya kulandirana zonse zoti pa mfundo za magetsi.

Monga mukuonera, ichi ndi chipangizo chofunika kwambiri kuti lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za sayansi.