Shelly kumuwombera amoeba: kufotokoza, kapangidwe, phindu chidwi mfundo

Testate amoebae, dongosolo limene tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino, ndi zinthu zingapo zochititsa kuti kwambiri kusiyanitsa iwo ku ziwalo zina za nyama zokhala ndi selo imodzi. Kodi wapadera za zinthu zodabwitsa izi?

Testate amoebae: mbali chosiyana

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi gulu la nyama zimenezi. Iwo ali mamembala a subkingdoms zokhala ndi selo imodzi a dongosolo sarkodovyh. thupi lawo lili ndi mawonekedwe wosakhazikika monga wopanda wosanjikiza densified khoma. Sunthani maselo amenewa ntchito prolegs - protrusions zosakhalitsa cytoplasm. Selo lili ndi dongosolo lililonse la amoebae. Amakhala ndi nembanemba wa cytoplasm ndi organelles: phata, mitochondria, vacuoles ndi m'mimba contractile.

Features testate amoebae

Mbali yaikulu ya thupi la mtundu wa amoeba ndi mu lakuya. Izi kukula Kapangidwe ka microns 50 150, ali ndi kuzungulira kapena peyala-mawonekedwe. Kudzera kutsegula kwa wotchedwa pakamwa, testate amoebae tiyeni kunja pseudopodia. M'pofunika m'gulu lawo. The zipolopolo ungadzakhazikitsidwe psevdohitinom kapena kanthu organic.

Ena mwa zimenezi ndizo zinthu zimene zili chilengedwe. The ndondomeko ya kupanga zipolopolo ngati chikuchitika mu magawo angapo. Choyamba amoeba kudzera prolegs akuyamba retract mbewu, zidutswa za zipolopolo za diatoms kapena particles ena olimba mu selo. Komanso glued pamodzi mwa cytoplasm ndi tochoka kunja. Anatomically testate amoebae selo zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu. Pamwamba pa cytoplasm ake anakonza pakati yosiyanasiyana ya inclusions - zakudya malo. M'katikati mwa m'mimba ndi contractile vacuole. A pafupi ndi pakamwa wopanda wa cytoplasm ndi organelles, ndi inclusions. Kwa izo anapanga pseudopods.

nyumba ubwenzi ndi chilengedwe

amoebae Testate ndi inafalitsidwa mu mwatsopano ndi mchere madzi, matope, m'madera wothiriridwa bwino wa nthaka padziko zomera, bog ndere. chilengedwe chawo anakopa yeniyeni mbali structural. Mwachitsanzo, amoeba difflugia lakuya, ndiwo ambiri wokhala madzi ali pakamwa. Mu anthu ochepa a nyanja kumira anajambulapo masingano bwinobwino chinamulowerera, zabodza phazi la kuchuluka kwa mabowo.

kafukufuku chidwi

Mwa okhala madzi oyera opezeka angapo amoebas, amene amakonda kukhala yekha mu madzi oipa kwambiri. Ena mitundu zinthu izi kufa. Komanso zikutsimikizira, ndi zatsopano zambiri zasayansi. Tiyerekeze kuti m'nthaka lonyowa anaika mitundu yambiri ya amoebae testate. Komanso, chilengedwe chongopeka kuipitsanso mafuta. Patapita masiku ochepa zosiyanasiyana mitundu adzakhala kuchepa kwambiri. Ena amoebae testate anayamba kuwononga ndi kusintha mawonekedwe.

Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa amoebae

Testate amoebae yodziwika ndi zinthu zingapo zochititsa kumene njira thupi. Wofalitsa maselo ikuchitika anagawa pawiri, monga ena a subkingdoms. Komabe, chifukwa kukhalapo kwa mthunzi, pali kusiyana. Choncho, choyamba mozungulira mbali yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda wa amoeba ndi amayamba lakuya latsopano, kenako chimabwera magawano yokha. zamoyo Choyamba mwana kukhala inakula cytoplasmic mlatho. Iye anafotokozanso pereshnurovyvaetsya. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu mwana amakhala ndi kunditumiza ku moyo paokha.

A mitundu ina njira maselo ndiwo kuchuluka magawano. Mu ndondomekoyi onongani amapezeka mkati mthunzi. Chifukwa, kunja kuoneka anabala selo. Sink, iwo apanga wawo mu moyo wake.

Kupita amoeba ntchito prolegs. Izi protrusions sanali malo a cytoplasm akuitanidwira pseudopodia. Kupita chitsogolo amoeba chimafikira phazi onyenga, imene chithandizo, kenako othandiza kuti thupi lake lonse. Mu chikhalidwe, mtundu wa gulu ndi khalidwe la woyera achiyesa maselo a magazi ndi maselo phagocytic, choncho amatchedwa "amoeboid".

Mphamvu amoeba amapezeka ndi yosangalatsa particles ake pseudopodia ndi wotsatira chimbudzi mu vacuoles apadera. Mpweya kuwombola kumachitika mwa selo padziko unit. The lamulo la kuthamanga osmotic ndi contractile vacuoles, kudzera amene anachotsa madzi owonjezera ndi mchere mmenemo.

Ndi isanayambike zinthu chowawa testate amoebae amagwa chotupa a. awo chipolopolo ndi unakhuthala ndi mphamvu zako kuwombola ali kwambiri yafupika. Ngati inu kusintha zinthu kuli maselo kubwerera kugwira ntchito bwinobwino.

Testate amoebae: mtengo wa chilengedwe

Awa ndi zamoyo zofunika topezeka kudera limenelo. Shelly amoeba, molumikizana ndi zamoyo zina zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi mbali ya izo. Tizilombo timeneti ndi ulalo mu unyolo wa kotunga, chizindikiro cha chiyero cha madzi abwino. Wosaneneka mtengo chipolopolo amoebae mu mapangidwe miyala. Madzi oyera ndi m'madzi chabe chifukwa cha moyo wawo analenga laimu, choko ndi miyala ina nyanja.

Mu chikhalidwe, imatchedwanso sarkodovyh view, lomwe ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa anthu. Amoeba-wakupha kwenikweni wakudya ubongo wa munthu. Pa nthawi, izo zinalembedwa milandu 23 kachilombo anthu ndi chamoyo ichi. Mtundu wa zokhala ndi selo imodzi madzi oyera ndi wokhalamo. Mkati munthu izo likulowerera kudzera m'mphuno, kupitiriza njira yake mu njira ya mitsempha olfactory ku ubongo. Monga gulu lake, adzawononga zimakhala onse kuti atumikire monga malire kwa izo. Munthu nthawi yomweyo akukumana mutu woyamba kwambiri, malungo, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka thupi kutentha. Komanso makhalidwe kuyamba chiwonongeko ubongo, monga malungo ndi zideruderu, kumene kumakhala limadzetsa imfa.

Choncho, mamembala a dongosolo testate amoebae ndi nyama unicellular a kalasi ya sarkodovyh. maselo awo ndi wosakhazikika mawonekedwe a thupi ndi pseudopods monga organelles za kayendedwe. Kunja nembanemba wa mtundu uwu amoebae paokha kupanga chipolopolo.