Kodi kuphunzira za zomera amatchedwa zomera? Zomera - kuphunzira zomera

Munthu aliyense ntchito limodzi ndi dziko la chilengedwe, ndipo lokha gawo la izo. Ndipo ngati kuli lonse la malamulo a dziko wamoyo kuphunzira zamoyo, mbewu mu purview la zomera monga mbali yofunika zace.

Kodi kuphunzira za zomera amatchedwa zomera

Zomera m'gulu dera la zinthu anthu kale mapangidwe zomera sayansi, kuyambira nthawi yakale. phunziro zomera anali mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi funso kupulumuka: zomera - ndi chakudya, zipangizo zomangamanga, zipangizo kusoka ndi mankhwala (zomwe Mulimonsemo samaiwala) ziphe oopsa. Chidziwitso anasonkhanitsa ndi kuonerera chofunika systematization. Choncho panali kufunika mapangidwe sayansi mbewu.

Pofufuza yankho la funso lakuti n'chifukwa chiyani sayansi ya zomera amatchedwa zomera, tiyenera kubwerera ku chifunga cha nthawi, chifukwa chiphunzitso ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wamkulu mu dziko la sayansi. Kupanga dongosolo coherent a chidziwitso zomera (Chomera Science) definitively anapeza pa theka lachiwiri la XVII - m'ma XVIII.

Dzina la sayansi, komanso ena ambiri, ali mizu Greek. Amachokera kwa Greek "botane". mawu uyu anali matanthauzo ambiri, m'lingaliro "busa", "chakudya" ntchito palibe kamodzikamodzi kuposa mtengo wa "mbewu", "udzu". Pamafunikanso zonse ukhoza kukhala ndi chomera: maluwa, bowa, ndere, mitengo, ndere ndi lichens. Mawu "nerd" - akuti "botane" zinatanthauza chirichonse chikugwirizana ndi zomera. Ndiko kuti, mawu: zomera - sayansi ya zomera. Choncho, mukudabwa kuti chifukwa chiyani sayansi ya zomera amatchedwa zomera, yankho ayenera anafuna mu chiyambi Greek wa systematization wodziwitsa dziko zomera mawonekedwe a sayansi.

Chiyambi cha zomera ndi sayansi

Aristotle ntchito zake zazikulu za nyama ndipo analengeza ndemanga ofanana pa zomera. Sizikudziwika ngati sichoncho udzatha. Kuti anapulumuka zidutswa ochepa. Choncho mpake woyamba bambo wa zomera sayansi imatengedwa Theophrastus - wolemba ntchito zazikulu ziwiri, omwe anakhala maziko a zomera kwa zaka 1500. Ndipo masiku ano, mtengo wa chidziwitso, anapereka Theophrastus ntchito yake, palibe angatsutse. Pamavuta yankho la funso lakuti n'chifukwa chiyani sayansi ya zomera amatchedwa zomera. Wafilosofi Greek sindingathe kuzitcha izo mosiyana.

Koma kafukufuku zomera si zomwe yekha wa chitukuko Western. China, nawonso, anathandiza kwambiri, mwina panali kufotokoza sayansi, kulingalira ntchito kwa silika Road.

zomera History

Zomera sayansi mu chifaniziro amakono anayamba mu nyengo ya atsamunda kuphunzira m'dera alimi udzu ndi mitengo, wamba m'derali, komanso zomera kuti anthu anabwera nawo kwa masana lakutali. Koma chidwi kwambiri ndi nyama munthu umayamba mbiri yake kuyambira nthawi Neolithic. Anthu osati ayesa kudziwa mankhwala a zomera, kukula nyengo, edible, otsika kutentha nyengo boma bata, zokolola ndi zakudya mtengo, komanso kusunga zinthu ngati zimenezi.

Pamaso pa Kubwera kwa zomera ndi sayansi, anthu afufuza zomera ku mfundo za sayansi view. Ikufotokoza osati kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale katundu achire zomera chakula zakutchire. Kuyambira nthawi ya Mkuwa Age anali chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mchitidwe wa mbewu kukula.

Mbali zatsopano za chitukuko cha sayansi - chidziwitso latsopano

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 16 kupangidwa maso, amene anatsimikiza chiyambi cha siteji wapadera mu chitukuko cha zomera, watsegula sankadziwika njira zatsopano mu phunziro la zomera, spores, ndipo ngakhale mungu. Ndiye sayansi anatenga kukhala kosavuta, kutsegula nsalu pa nkhani ya kubereka, ndi kupukusa chakudya, poyamba kutsekedwa kwa anthu.

Zomera anayamba mogwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ambiri. Chifukwa cha researches sayansi dziko lonse moyo unagawidwa maufumu

• mabakiteriya,
• bowa;
• zomera;
• nyama.

Zomera Maphunziro a chigawo cha mabakiteriya, nkhungu ndi zomera. Development wa zomera sayansi akhala yofunika kwambiri. Koma pa chiyambi cha chiyambi anthu ake chinkhoswe zomera okha, ndipo ambiri mwa minda botanical, makamaka zafala m'dzikoli kumadzulo, izo wodzipereka kwa gulu, olemba ndi malonda mbewu. Zaka zambiri kenaka anakhala malo ofunika kwambiri kufufuza.

zomera

Zomera angapezeke kulikonse: pamtunda (meadows, udzu, minda, nkhalango, mapiri), mu madzi (amatunga madzi oyera, nyanja ndi mitsinje, madambo, nyanja ndi nyanja). Mumakhala zomera zonse atathana moyo luso kutembenuka dzuwa mphamvu mu mankhwala organic ndi wotchedwa chlorophyll nkhokwe wolemera, akonzanso mpweya uja mpweya, umene zomera amatchedwa kuwala dziko lapansi.

Mwatsoka, pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zomera ambiri mwa zina kapena pang'ono kutha, ndi mndandanda chaka ndi kukula. oimira ambiri ataya chifukwa cha kukongola kwake: anthu amene amaganizira za mavuto lingamutsatire anachititsa kuti chilengedwe, mwano kuononga zomera ndi maluwa yaitali. tsoka owawa nkhalango maluwa, maluwa madzi tulo udzu.

Pofuna kuteteza mitundu osowa mbewu chithe, iwo adalowa Red Book ndipo kulondera pa mlingo malamulo. The sayansi kuti amaphunzira chomera akutumikira monga maziko a luso chikalatacho. Ndipo tsopano ndi ntchito yathu wamba - kusunga zomera kwa mibadwomibadwo, kwa ana athu ndi zidzukulu anali kuona zapadera za dziko Mmera wonse, umene uli mwayi mokwanila kuona ife.