Crimea - kudziyimira pawokha. Mayendedwe a Crimea. Map, zithunzi

Poyankha zochitika posachedwapa, mwina palibe anthu amene sanamve za Crimea. Kudziyimira pawokha ku Ukraine anasamukira ngati Republic mu la Russia. Ndi mfundo imeneyi ndi kulengezedwa lamulo lalikhulu ladziko amawatenga boma Duma mu March 2014. M'njiramo kupeza yekha n'kwawo anthu Crimea zapita pafupifupi zaka 100, kupulumuka zokondweretsa Yehova. Kupanga ulendo pang'ono mu mbiriyakale ndi cholinga kuwutsata njira ya zomangamanga boma Tavria akale.

Monga mbali ya Ufumu Russian

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, Crimea chilumba anali mbali ya Russian Ufumu, limodzi ndi wina mu 1783. Poyamba, udindo wa Crimea anali limanenedwa ngati dera, ndipo kuyambira 1802 - m'chigawo ndi odzipereka mzinda wapadera wa Sevastopol, mwachindunji lachifumu Kugonja. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo mpaka lero Sevastopol nthawizonse wakhala ali ndi udindo wapadera. Ambiri mwa anthu amenewa anali Chitata, wofanana wamba boma, koma muli kuposa otsiriza, chabwino. Ndi 1917, zikuchokera kwa anthu pa chilumba lasintha, tsopano ambiri anali Little Russia ndi Russian, ndi 25% - Chitata. A kotala ya chiwerengero - atsamunda yachilendo Ahelene, Germany, ku Armenia, Bulgarians.

Education kudziyimira pawokha choyamba mu Crimea

Mu chochitika cha moto ya nkhondo yomwe yekha akuluakulu sanali mu mtundu: wofiira, ndi interventionists German ndipo White alonda Wrangel, ndi wobiriwira. Pambuyo chigonjetso cha Bolsheviks mu Russian boma novosozdanom udindo malamulo a Crimea anasintha. Democrats Social nsanja ndale zochokera lamanja la mitundu kukhalanso, luso kulenga awo maphunziro onse. Kuyambira pa Crimea Chitata mbiri kumene kuli chilumba, udindo boma analandira ndiponso Crimea. Kudziyimira pawokha anali ufulu yaikulu kwambiri mwa RSFSR lapansi. Pamene nominating kwa maudindo wamkulu, zokonda chinaperekedwa kwa Chitata. Lamulo la 1936 anatsimikizira udindo uwu. Koma malinga ndi 1939 kalembera zikuchokera mtundu wa Crimea kudziyimira pawokha zinawerengedwera kuchuluka kwa anthu Russian pa anthu a mitundu ina ndi anthu (pafupifupi 50%), pafupifupi 20% zinali chabe Crimea Chitata. Kupemphera mlingo 14% Chiyukireniya, Ayuda anali 5,8 yekha%, Germany - 4.5%. Nkhondo mu Crimea ayamba kugwira kupita Ahelene, Bulgarians, Germany, kotero chiwerengero chawo wathetsedwa.

A pang'ono za mawu

Ponena za Crimea statehood, tiyenera kubvesa bwino kudziyimira pawokha konse? Mu Greek, ndi mawu otanthauza ufulu, ufulu. Mwachidule, mu chimango cha boma limodzi pangakhale malo amene ali ndi ufulu ena mu nkhani zosiyanasiyana, malamulo komanso malamulo simatsutsana malamulo yaikulu ya boma monga wonse, malamulo ndi wamkulu akuluakulu. Mu boma la Soviet mayiko yoyenda yokha anakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a dziko. Choncho, Crimea - kudziyimira pawokha, amene anaonekera chifukwa anthu Chitata a pachilumbachi. Masiku ano, kudziyimira pawokha amaona kuti Kupititsa-utsogoleri wagawo, ozikidwa pa zosiyanasiyana zizindikiro mwina. limati ambiri, ngakhale amene analengeza okha unitary, ndi zigawo yoyenda yokha komanso mayiko mu kapangidwe kake.

Kuyesa kulenga kudziyimira pawokha Ayuda

Ayuda kudziyimira pawokha mu Crimea - ndi m'malo pinki olambira loto la Ayuda kuposa zenizeni. Zoyesayesa woyamba kubweretsa moyo lingaliro la kulenga boma Ayuda a 20 chaka TH. M'madera kumpoto kwa chilumba panali kulibe populata dziko limene Ayuda anayamba asamukire kuti alenge zopezera anthu amene adzapanga maziko a lipabliki dziko. Kuyesa kugwira ntchitoyo anathamangira ku chiwerengero cha mavuto. Choyamba, zinali mwamtheradi phindu anthu wamba Chitata, chimene mwa icho chokha zoipa kufunika kwa dziko. Zofuna za mtundu titular pa nthawi imeneyo mwachangu kumbuyo Veli Ibraimov, tcheyamani wa Crimea Komiti Executive Central. Ndipo, ngakhale Ayuda olimbikitsa kanthu angathetse manja ake a OGPU, vuto lina anali ovuta kwambiri kusamalira. Iye anagona mu umunthu weniweniwo wa mtundu wachiyuda. Ochepa kwambiri a iwo ali wokhoza komanso ndi wofunitsitsa kuchita zinthu ulimi. Ambiri mwa anthu osamukira akukhala m'mizinda (pafupifupi 40,000 anthu), ndipo pafupifupi 10,000 mpaka nalero kudziko la anakumana ndi mavuto aakulu ndi chakudya pa malo opanda anthu. Ankamenyana ndi Chitata anthu wamba, kusakhutira ndi itakula chifukwa malamulo collectivization. Map of Crimea nthawi limasonyeza zigawo ziwiri zazikulu za atsamunda Ayuda: Larindorfsky ndi Fraydorfsky. Koma ndi 1938 resettlement wa Ayuda Crimea anaima. Ntchitoyi kwa nthawi aiwala, makamaka Far East Republic ndi likulu lake Birobidzhan analengedwa.

Kucotsa woyamba Crimea kudziyimira pawokha

Pambuyo kumasulidwa kwa Crimea mu 1944, atsogoleri a Chiyuda Committee Antifascist kachiwiri ankanena za kudziyimira pawokha Ayuda. Koma udindo wa utsogoleri Soviet pa nthawi anali achidule ndi momveka. Iye adakana kuti n'zotheka kulenga chikhalidwe cha Chiyuda. Komanso, kupita misa wa Chitata ndi anthu ena a pachilumbachi kunachitidwa nkhondo itatha, ndi lofunikira "chatsekedwa". Ndipo anasintha udindo wa Crimea. June 25, 1946 kukonzedwa kwa Constitution la RSFSR, amene anakhudza Kupititsa dongosolo loyang'anira boma. Analemba Baibulo la Crimea udindo kudziyimira pawokha derali. Patapita zaka ziwiri, udindo wapadera Ndipotu ukugwira kuti vuto la Crimea dera Sevastopol analandira.

Crimea monga mbali ya Chiyukireniya Soviet Socialist Republic

Chifukwa kulanda Crimea ku Ukraine si bwinobwino mpaka tsopano. Ena ndikunenezani kwa voluntarism Nikity Hruscheva, amene anangopanga kuchita msanga maganizo. Komanso pali zina zake, zomwe chinatsimikizira umboni wa chifukwa zimenezi. Ena amanena kuti njila iyi si zomveka ndi wanzeru. Choyamba, kuchokera amazionera a kumalire wamba. Kachiwiri, chifukwa cha mavuto a zachuma cha Mphamvu ya magetsi ndi madzi m'dera la Ukraine. Kachitatu, komabe ndi boma limodzi - Soviet Union, kugwa palibe aliyense amene inaoneratu ndipo sanathe n'komwe. Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, za Crimea anasintha kachiwiri mu 1954. Komanso, lamulo pa kulanda Crimea Kodi si anaphimba nkhani ya Sevastopol, amene wakhala anali ndi udindo wapadera monga panyanja m'munsi mwa Russia.

Apanso, kudziyimira pawokha

Mu 1990, pamene boma la Soviet Union anakula zotsutsana dziko, anazitsanulira mwa otchedwa "perete wa sovereignties", Crimea Council cha akuluakulu Regional kamodzinso anayamba kukambirana udindo wa Crimea. Mogwirizana ndi malamulo a chilungamo, kuzindikira zolakwa boma Soviet mogwirizana ndi kupita kwa anthu ndi kubwerera kwa Crimea Chitata kwawo mbiri, anaganiza kuvomereza liquidation wa Crimea kudziyimira pawokha kanthu n'zosemphana. Popeza analengeza kuti Crimea - kudziyimira pawokha Soviet Union choncho nkhani a boma Union. Kuti koletsedwa chisankho pa chilumba cha, referendum ndi unachitikira. Ambiri anali kuchirikiza chigamulo cha Crimea Council ndi mapangidwe ufulu wa dziko Soviet Union.

Digiri ya kudziyimira pawokha mu Ukraine

Utatha la Soviet Union, Crimea Peninsula Crimeans okha mwadzidzidzi mu Ukraine. Monga anatengera mu May 1992, Crimea Constitution, zinalembedwa kuti Republic of Crimea ndi unkalamuliridwa mkati Ukraine. pulezidenti wa Crimea unayamba mu chaka chotsatira. Yuri Meshkov anapambana chisankho voti ndipo anakhala woyamba pulezidenti wa Republic. Koma malinga ndi malamulo a Ukraine, nkhani zonsezi anali wapathengo, mu 1995, Leonid Kuchma anathetsa Constitution la Crimea mu chaka cha 1992. Only patapita zambiri approvals mu 1998 anavomereza Constitution la Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Autonomous Republic of Crimea). kupulumutsa udindo boma kwa Crimea - ntchito yaikulu anaphedwa. Chirasha, pamodzi ndi Crimea Chitata, anapatsidwa udindo boma ndipo anazindikira monga chinenero kulankhulana lonse. Komabe, lamanja la kudziyimira pawokha wa Crimea sanali kwathunthu kuwuluridwa ndi kunachititsa kusiyana onse mu Ukraine ndi ku Crimea. The Constitution sanali mpaka 1998, mogwirizana ndi malamulo a Ukraine m'tsogolo monga mikangano.

Kusamvana pa kudziyimira pawokha

Kwa zaka zoposa 20 mu Ukraine sanali zophwetsa mikangano Crimea kudziyimira pawokha wa Ukraine. akuluakulu ambiri Verkhovna Rada akulimbikitsidwa kumana Republic of udindo wake, kutembenuzira chitsanzo cha 1946. Malingaliro zinalengedwa kugwira zonse Chiyukireniya chisankhocho pa nkhaniyi. Iwo ananena kuti linakhalapo akuphwanya okhulupirika ndi mgwirizano wa boma. Motero, anthu a Crimea sadzamva otetezeka, wosasunthika ndiponso wosungika. Komanso zochita ovomereza-Russian m'dera likugwiritsidwa mwachilungamo amphamvu, ndipo chikudziwikabe ndi othandiza Sevastopol Russian Black Sea zombo.

Kuchoka ku Ukraine

Mogwirizana ndi andale mavuto mu Ukraine ndi kulimbitsa kayendedwe odana Russian mu mochedwa 2013 - oyambirira 2014, akuluakulu a Crimea mobwerezabwereza anaitana kubwezeretsa dongosolo mu dziko. Koma Kiev "Maidan" kwachititsa kuti kuchotsedwa kwa pulezidenti demokalase osankhidwa ndi kulanda magulu mphamvu ya kudzanja phiko kwakukulu ndale. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mu Crimea mu mochedwa February, anayamba zochita udakali zikuluzikulu mphamvu ovomereza-Russian, omwe n'zotheka kuti nawo zochitika Chiyukireniya, akubwera kuchokera limati opanduka. Ngakhale zionetsero ku Europe, Russia amapereka njira imene Crimea ndi kutumiza asilikali pachilumbachi kubweza kukumana zotheka kwa akuluakulu Kiev. Zotsatirazi referendum, ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi mu March 2014 kunakhala kotheka kuti akaonekere kwa boma la Chitaganya cha Russia ndi pempho kutenga Authority ndi mzinda wa Sevastopol boma Federated Russian. Posachedwapa, zochita onse anagwirizana pakati pa nthambi za boma. Map of Crimea ku zolochedwa chikasu buluu woyera, buluu ndi wofiira mtundu wa Russia kwambiri injini Internet kufufuza.

Crimea ndi Sevastopol - nzika za la Russia

Choncho, March 2014 mu Russia anali Ufumuyo monga mabungwe osiyana Sevastopol ndi Crimea. Kudziyimira pawokha, amene motalika anamenya anthu pachilumbachi, ali unatha, koma pali Republic of Crimea. Isanafike January 1, 2015 anatchedwa nthawi Transitional imene palibe zomvetsa kwa anthu ayenera kudutsa njira ya kaphatikizidwe. Kukula kwa Constitution ndipo panopa malamulo, pakali pano Machitidwe 1998 Constitution la Arc. The maiko ambiri akhala si anazindikira reunification wa Crimea ndi Russia (ngakhale ali ndi chidwi mbiri, chuma ndi chikhalidwe zinthu), koma sichikunditsutsa kapena Russian kapena boma Crimea. Kiev komanso amaweruza zimene zikuchitika monga Russian utakhala m'dziko lawo. Patsogolo ya kulimbana kuzindikira lonse.