Kodi kusakhulupirika ndi zimene akhadabulukadi kuna

Mu 1998, watsopano ndi lowopsya mawu mu chilankhulo cha Russian ofikira. Kodi izo ndi - ndimadzindikira ochepa, koma kuti palibe wabwino sitiyenera kuyembekezera sadziwa zonse zotsatira. Ndipo pali mawu kuchokera kusakhulupirika English ndipo izo zikutanthauza kulephera kukwaniritsa udindo. Kapena kani, ndi pamene ngongole akukana kulipira ngongole yake kapena chidwi pomwepo.

Kwenikweni, pali zinthu zitatu kwa kusakhulupirika. Ndipo amene zinachitika zaka 14 zapitazo wa oyamba, boma kapena mwayekha ofikira. Chochitika ichi bwinobwino kugwedezeka Russia ndi kutsogozedwa kuti chaukali mavuto azachuma. Ndipo pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zinachititsa kuti RF izi. Ndipo chifukwa chachikulu chinali populist mfundo chuma Russia, komanso piramidi lonse la boma udindo yochepa (GKO). Pa nthawi imene Russian anakwanitsa apeze yaikulu ngongole onse, omwe kwaiye kugwa kwa chuma Asia. The liquidity mavuto ndi kugwa mitengo mayiko chofunika, lomwe linali maziko a wolowa Russia nawonso anali chifukwa kuti Russia pa "njira yovuta" anamva zimene ofikira.

Zotsatira za vutolo kwambiri anasintha chitukuko cha chuma ndipo dziko lonse. kusinthitsa ndalama wagwa kwambiri. Ngati defaulting kuti dollar anapereka 6 rubles, theka la chaka, chiŵerengero uyu anakwana rubles 21 pa dola. Ndipo kunadzetsa imfa ya chidaliro cha anthu, ndi ndalama zakunja ku dziko palokha, dongosolo banki Russian ndipo, ndithudi, kwa ndalama dziko. Kodi kusakhulupirika bwinobwino ambiri mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi mabanki yaing'ono. Iwo sakanakhoza kupirira ngati mantha ndi "bwinobwino" uwonongedwe. Ndipo dziko lonse dongosolo banki anali mu kugwa kwa miyezi ina sikisi.

Koma koposa zonse ku boma m'dziko akuvutika nzika wamba. ndi kusakhulupirika kwa antchito mwachizolowezi zovuta ziti? Izi makamaka imfa ya ndalama ntchito. Koma ichi ndi theka vuto. Chifukwa cha mavuto, makampani ambiri adatuluka zinatha, zimene anthu awa ntchito. Ndipo iwo sanali kutseka, akadali anaima kulipira ogwira malipiro. Anthu anali kufunafuna mpata ndalama basi kuti apulumuke. Ndipotu, mitengo uphungu wofunikira awonjezera pamodzi ndi kukula kwa dola, kuti nthawi 3-4. Ndipo, chotero, anathandiza kuti upandu.

Kenako mu 1998, Russia anayenera kusankha atatu kutuluka mavuto kubwera. Mukhoza kusindikiza rubles ndi agwera dziko mu wozungulira ina kufufuma. Koma hyperinflation wa oyambirira 90s 'adali aiwala, ndipo kotero boma osati anayesa kuchita zimenezi. Mungapemphe amakana kulipira ngongole yachilendo. Koma njirayi ankaona zosavomerezeka. Choncho, ife kusankha nkhani wachitatu mwa mavutowo ndi boma anakana kulipira ngongole zoweta (T-ngongole). Ndiyeno ife tikupeza zimene kusakhulupirika Russia okha.

Mu mbiri yonse ya zachuma anali ambiri defaults boma. Ndipo chitsanzo cha izi nkhani zimene zinachitikira Edward III - Mfumu ya England. Iye anali mu 1327 anakana kulipira ngongole ya kuloŵedwa m'malo, amene kwambiri ngongole ndi osunga ndalama Italy. Ndipo mu 1650 Oliver Kromvel kuchipeza ndalama anagonjetsa Ireland. Ndiyeno iye anafika mu ngongole ku London kulemera, komanso Achiprotestanti ambiri ochokera ku Ulaya. Pambuyo chigonjetso analonjeza kuwapatsa ndalama, komanso kuti alonda ndi asilikali ankhondo Irish nthaka. Koma m'mayiko izi, ndithudi, si zokwanira konse. Ndipo pamene ndalama zakunja Cromwell atamva kuti kusakhulupirika zimenezi. Iye anangoti "anaiwala" kulipira nawo.

Komanso, mfundo kusakhulupirika ndi umagwiritsidwa osati mtundu wonsewo. Mwachitsanzo, defaults makampani - bankirapuse ndi kampani yaboma. A kusakhulupirika payekha - ndi pamene ali wobwereka payekha akukana kapena sangathe kulipira ngongole awo ngongole ya. Komanso, mitundu yonse ya defaults zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. Izi ndi kusakhulupirika enieni, ndiko kuti, wolephera wa wobwereka kulipira ngongole zawo nthawi zapadera kapena m'tsogolo, mwa kulankhula kwina, ndi bankirapuse weniweni. Ndipo kodi ndi kusakhulupirika luso? Izi Tiyerekezenso kumene wokongoza adakali mwayi kuti ndalama zawo. Ndiko kuti, Wokongola ndiye analephera kubweza ngongole pa nthawi, koma patapita kanthawi adzatha kukwaniritsa zinthu zonse za mgwirizano wa kukongoza.