Kuchuluka kwa gulu la amoyo nkhani

Kuchuluka kwa gulu la amoyo nkhani - chizindikiro anatengera kwa gulu la zamoyo zonse padziko lathuli. Wildlife Earth alidi osiyanasiyana. Zamoyo zingatenge zosiyanasiyana zamitundu, kuchokera tizilomboto losavuta zokhala ndi selo imodzi, ndipo, ati zolengedwa multicellular, kutsiriza ndi nyama yaikulu padziko lapansi - zinsomba.

Evolution Padziko Lapansi zinachitika m'njira yakuti zamoyo kusanduka kuchokera chosavuta (kwenikweni) ndi zovuta zambiri. Choncho, akuwuka, kusoŵa ingapezeke angwiro mu njira ya kusanduka, kutenga kwambiri whimsical tione.

Bungwe ili kuchuluka zosaneneka zinthu zamoyo, ndi milingo ya gulu la amoyo nkhani kuyamba. mfundo ndi yakuti, ngakhale kuti kusiyana maonekedwe ndi dongosolo, ndi zamoyo zonse zachilengedwe ndi ofanana: iwo tikuyesera wapangidwa mamolekyulu kuti mbali obwerezabwereza, mwa njira ina - ntchito ambiri ziwalo; iwo amadya, kubereka, kukalamba ndi kufa. M'mawu ena, katundu wa zamoyo, ngakhale kuti kusiyana maonekedwe ofanana. Ndipotu moganizira deta awa, n'zotheka mme- mmene zamoyo za padziko lathuli.

Motero, tikambirana za kaperekedwe ka gulu la nkhani moyo mwatsatanetsatane. Mlingo woyamba imakhudzanso zamoyo zonse, popanda yekha. Kodi iye (mlingo) pamwamba, za kuchuluka kwa akuluakulu a zinyama likuchotsedwa.

1. mlingo maselo ndi ofanana ndi zamoyo zonse. Mu motere pali maso amaliseche, njira akusinthira aliyense chamoyo amoyo: kaphatikizidwe ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zakudya, nyumba, kapena zinthu zozitetezera. Izi mlingo wa mankhwala lalikulu maselo (mapuloteni, zidulo mkati ndi zina zotero. D.)

2. supramolecular kapena subcellular. Mlingo pa zimene structuring mamolekyulu mu maselo organelles: selo nembanemba, DNA, vacuole, phata, etc ...

3. Cell. Pa mlingo, vuto limeneli mu mawonekedwe a pulayimale zinchito wagawo - maselo.

4. Bungwe tija mlingo. Ndi pa mlingo anapanga zonse ziwalo ndipo zimakhala za chamoyo wamoyo, kaya Kuvuta awo: ubongo, lilime, impso, etc. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti nsalu - akonzedwa maselo, ogwirizana ndi dongosolo wamba ndi ntchito .. Thupi - mbali ya thupi, "ntchito" zimene zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zodziwika bwino.

5. ontogenetic kapena organismal mlingo. Pa mlingo, mabungwe osiyanasiyana mu mawu a magwiridwe amaphatikizidwa mu chamoyo wonse. M'mawu ena, mlingo ali kale munthu kwathunthu kwa mtundu uliwonse.

6. Population pokha. Zamoyo kapena anthu amene analembedwa zofanana, ntchito, ndi maonekedwe ofanana, chotero yoperekedwa kwa mtundu womwewo, aphatikizidwa anthu amodzi. Mu zamoyo, anthu kumvetsa kuchotsedwa anthu onse a mitundu anapatsidwa. Iwonso onse kupanga chibadwa yunifolomu ndi dongosolo zokhazi. Anthu amakhala ena malo - zosiyanasiyana ndipo, monga ulamuliro, si intersect ndi mitundu ina. View, nayenso, ndi akaphatikiza a anthu onse. Zamoyo akhoza interbreed ndi kubereka yekha mu chimango cha mtundu wawo.

7. biocenotic. Mlingo pa zimene zamoyo amaphatikiza biocenoses - kuchotsedwa anthu onse okhala mu dera. Thupi limodzi kapena mtundu wina, mu nkhani iyi zilibe kanthu.

8. biogeocenotic. motere chifukwa biogeocoenoses mapangidwe, i.e. akaphatikiza biocenosis ndi zinthu abiotic (nthaka, ndi nyengo) mu dera kumene biocenosis amakhalamo.

9. Biosphere. Mlingo, kubweretsa pamodzi zamoyo zonse padziko lapansili.

Choncho, kuchuluka kwa gulu la moyo kanthu monga mfundo zisanu ndi zinayi. Gawo Kudziwa alipo mu sayansi yamakono systematization zinthu zamoyo.