Kugwa kwa Amur Mtsinje wochokera konkuno ku kamwa

Mtsinje waukulu ndi Far East District - Amur. Malinga ndi magawo ake hydrological yaima m'malo 4 pakati pa 10 waukulu mitsinje Russian. Patsogolo pake yekha ob, Yenisei ndi Lena, moyenda kuchokera kum'mwera kwa Siberia mu nyanja ya Ocean Arctic. Koma Amur anasankha dziwe osiyana - Pacific, ndipo umayenda kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa. Watercourse kumayambira phiri Transbaikalia kumveka kuchokera pophatikizana mwa Shilka ndi Argun. Kukhala 2824 Km, madzi a Amur mtsinje kuthira mu Pacific Ocean pafupi ndi tauni ya Nikolaevsk pa-Amur motsatizana m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Chitata Khwalala. The catchment m'dera la mtsinje beseni mu 1855 sq.km. Kugwa ndi otsetsereka wa Amur Mtsinje zimadalira alili: ndi pa phiri pamwamba, m'munsi - mosabisa.

mawu hydrological

chuma cha madzi pamwamba okonda umaonekera mawu monga kugwa ndi otsetsereka kotenga la mtsinje. Pakuti mtima wa magawo izi ndi zofunikira kudziwa ndi okwera a pamwamba (m'mphepete) pa mfundo anatchulidwa ndi mtunda therebetween anayeza pamodzi watercourse. Watermarks anafotokozedwa pakati pa madzi wotsikitsitsa ubwenzi - mu madzi otsika.

Igwani Mtsinje - kuposa mlingo pa pambuyo pake za mfundo yomwe ili kumtunda. Amayezedwa mayunitsi liniya kutalika - mu mamita kapena masentimita.

The otsetsereka a mtsinje - masamu n'zosangalatsa kumva mtengo anatsimikiza ndi quotient la Mtsinje zochitika pa m'litali pakati pa mfundo Tanthauzo. Chimaonetsera ‰ - pa mil (zikwizikwi za chiwerengero) kapena% (hundredths).

Kulankhula Mtsinje kukondera chilinganizo Ine = H1 - h2 / L m'menemo:

Ine - kotenga otsetsereka mtsinje% kapena ‰;

H1 - mlingo chizindikiro cha mtsinje pamwamba kumatanthauza ndi gawo mamita;

h2 - yemweyo, pansi, mamita;

L - kutalika kwa mtsinje pakati pa mfundo akufotokozera mamita kapena makilomita.

Full dontho la mtsinje - kusiyana okwera mu gwero ndi pakamwa. Zilibe kanthu kodi mfundo - wachibale kapena mtheradi.

Pakuchitika kukondera Mtsinje - zotsatira za kugawa dontho okwana m'litali wonse.

Ndi mtengo wa otsetsereka mtsinje, mukhoza kudziwa zimene mtundu adzaupereka. Kwa mitsinje phiri yodziwika ndi zolakwika zikuluzikulu kuchokera makumi masentimita ndi makumi angapo mamita. Pakuti zolakwika kumveka zazing'ono, amayezedwa masentimita. N'zimenenso kukondera otaya mathamangidwe wa madzi mtsinje.

The Amur mtsinje

Ukugwa kuchokera pachiyambi mpaka kukamwa 304 mamita nambala imeneyi -. Kusiyana okwera pa kamwa (0 mamita - pa nyanja) ndi kasupe wa mtsinje.

Yambani Cupid - kuphatikiza kwa Shilka ndi Argun. . Sitampu pamwamba pa mfundo iyi ndi ndondomeko madigiri 53 21.5 mphindi ndi 304 mamita Choncho, dontho chonse mu Amur mtsinje adzakhala: 304 - 0 = 304 m.

Kudziwa kutalika kwa mtsinje ndi kugwa kupeza pakuchitika kotenga otsetsereka a watercourse, ndi wofanana:

Ine = 304/2824 = 0.107 ‰ anamaliza kapena 0,11 ‰.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti malinga ndi malangizo amene kusuntha (by zigawo kapena mapu), pa kilometre kutalika pamwamba madzi mlingo izo izmenyaeetsya masentimita 11. Ngati gulu pambuyo pake, dontho mu Amur Mtsinje uliwonse amachepetsa kilometre 11 cm. Koma ili ndi phindu zoyerekeza, ngati watercourse umayenda pamodzi pamwamba pa ngodya womwewo wa ndingaliro.

Ndipotu, zinthu zimenezi pakuti mitsinje ya dziko kulibe kulikonse. Njira zawo anaika zinthu zosiyanasiyana geomorphological. Iwo bwanji masiyanidwe a magawo ndi kugwa otsetsereka, ngakhale inali imodzi mwa mtsinje.

mbali 3 (inaimitsidwa), malingana ndi mtunda ndi chikhalidwe cha otaya mtsinje lagawidwa Cupid. Adzagwa ndi otsetsereka mu Upper, Middle ndi wotsika Amur osiyana.

chapamwamba Amur

Gwero la kumayamba wake ku confluence wa Argun ndi Shilka. Ikani anatsimikiza kufika kugombe la kum'mawa kwa chilumba misala amalembedwa m'mphepete 304 mamita kumapeto anavomera. M'kamwa mwa mtsinje Zeya - ndi tributary kumanzere, moyenda pa 1936 Km from m'kamwa mwa Amur. Choncho, kutalika 888 Km wa wotsika Amur. Kukwezedwa angaimbidwenso ndi phindu 125 m. Igwani Mtsinje Amour ndi otsetsereka m'dera limeneli linali 179 mamita ndi 0,2 ‰ motero. Khalidwe ikuyenda pafupi ndi mtsinje phiri - ndi mathamangidwe otaya ndi avareji 1.5 m / s. M'lifupi mwa njira mu madzi otsika kuchokera 420 mamita 1 Km.

Middle Amur

mfundo chiwembu okha: chapamwamba mtsinje - r.Zei pakamwa (Blagoveshensk) ndi chizindikiro kutalika 125 m, pansi - pakamwa Ussuri (Y s.Kazakevichevo) - kutalika m'mphepete gawo kutalika 41 mamita - 970. Km. Amur Kugwa Mtsinje pano ndi 84 m, ndi otsetsereka (84/970) 0,086 ‰. Izi zikutanthauza kumalo otsika m'mphepete 8,6 masentimita kwa 1 Km la mtsinje. The otaya mathamangidwe 5.5 Km / h 1, 47 m / s. m'lifupi Channel kuchokera 530 mpaka 1170 m.

m'munsi Amur

Kuona mtunda wa pakati pa mfundo pa mtsinje - 966 Km (m'kamwa mwa Amur kuti confluence iye Ussury inflow). Okwera: kufika pamwamba - 41 m, pansi - pa nyanja 0 mamita zikutanthauza kuti dontho wa Amur mtsinje mderali - 41 mamita otsetsereka - 0.042 ‰ ... Mlingo otaya mu otaya otsika mamita 0,9 / s, pa madzi mkulu 1.2 m / s. M'lifupi njira - 2 Km (malo) mpaka 11 Km, ndi pakamwa - mpaka 16 Km.

The hydrological boma la mtsinje

Amur yodziwika ndi mkulu madzi patsogolo: akuti pachaka runoff 403 Km kiyubiki, mlingo pafupifupi otaya pakamwa pa 12800 kiyubiki mamita / s.

Main mphamvu kotunga (80% ya otaya ndi) - m'chilimwe ndi kugwa mvula yamvumbi. Otsala 20% kukhala chiwerengero cha Sungunulani ndi pansi, mu chiwerengero pafupifupi wofanana.

Meltwater kudyetsedwa mtsinje kuchokera April kwa May, kotero chigumula anatambasula ndi buku ka otaya sayambitsa pakhale mpweya wambiri. nthawi Chigumula zambiri chaka ndi chaka ndi mu July-August. Panthawi imeneyi, nthawi zina mlandu 75% ya runoff pachaka.

misinkhu wotsika zosonyeza (otsika madzi) kofunika kudziwa kuti chigumula iwo upambana 10-15 mamita mu mtsinje chapamwamba ndi pakati, ndipo pambuyo pake - kuti 6-8 mamita mvula heavy chifukwa amatayika Middle ndi wotsika Amur 25 Km ndi mpweya wambiri wa Mulungu sanamukhululukire. pa madera anasefukira kwa masiku 70.

Mipikisano tsiku yamvula mvula mu August 2013 anachititsa madzi owononga mu Amur beseni madzi anasefukira midzi anthu ndi minda.

Chilimwe otsika madzi pambuyo mofulumira za "muzu" wa madzi (snowmelt m'mapiri) - kumapeto kwa June. M'dzinja - kumapeto September-oyambirira October. Amaundana-mmwamba amapezeka mochedwa October - oyambirira November. Otsegulira ayezi - itatha yoyamba masiku khumi wa April ndi May.