Museum mafano Russian mu Moscow

Mbiri ya iconography Russian ali zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Mayina a ojambula zithunzi amene ntchito apulumuka, ulemerero wa luso Russian, monga Adalenga zithunzi za Orthodox oyera. zakale ochepa akhoza kukhala onyada kuti expositions awo pa zolembedwa anasonyeza zithunzi XII-XIX zaka, pamene kwambiri ndi kulenga katswiri wa Russian chizindikiro kupenta. Private Museum wa Russian Zizindikiro Taganka zochokera wazamalonda ndi wofuna kuthandiza Mihailom Abramovym, lero ali kukhudzana mwachilungamo yaikulu - makope oposa zikwi zinayi kuperekedwa kwa anthu mu showrooms ake, kuphatikizapo zithunzi 600 tikudziwa - mtanda ndi Zosayiwalika zokhudzana iconography ndi Orthodoxy.

Russian chizindikiro kupenta monga chinyezimiro cha chikhalidwe

Kodi mzinda wa boma Russian ali woyamba owonetsera zakale ake payekha mafano Russian, motsimikiza kuti n'komwe kunena palibe - iye akanakhoza kulibe, koma sitikudziwa kwa akunja. Azambiriyakale kulemba za zinthu zochititsa chidwi zambiri payekha, kusonyeza ofunika kwambiri, ndiponso amene chovomerezedwa zolondola kwambiri - mfundo moot.

molondola zina kulankhula za iwo eni chizindikiro zojambulajambula, zaka za zolengedwa awo kukhazikitsa anatha molondola kwambiri - by Feofana Greka kuti Fedora Zubova. Iwo utoto mipingo yotchuka kwambiri Russian, zolembera zawo - kwambiri wapatali Orthodox mafano. Russian Museum - aliyense amene angapange popitilira ndi pakati zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho tinthu wake ntchito za amisiri chachikulu - zikhoza kuganiziridwa mosatha kuneneka wolemera. Zilipo katswiri - kupambana lenileni la chikhalidwe dziko ndi dziko.

Museum wa Russian Zizindikiro pokhazikitsa Mihailom Abramovym, chinamasulidwa mu Moscow mu woumba msewu kumbuyo Tinkers nyumba zosanja zitalizitali m'chigawo Taganka, osati kale - mu 2006, koma lero ndi yaikulu payekha Kutolere zithunzi Russia. Poyamba inali mu ollektsiya "Vereyskaya Plaza" ochitira bizinesi, amene ali Asilavo Boulevard, ndipo ali chabe malo ochepa. Pezani malo zinangokhala kolongosoka isanafike. Only pambuyo kutsegula kwa nyumba yatsopano pa Taganka kwa deta payekha mafano tapeza mwayi wina.

Woyamba zopereka mseri zithunzi Russia

Chofunika kwambiri curiosities owonetsera zakale Taganka: Icon wa Lady athu Odigitria Simon Ushakov - yekha ambuye muzimvetsera mafano; chifanizo cha St. Nikolaya Mirlikiyskogo; Kutolere wapadera Pskov amisiri chithunzi cha m'ma XVI.

Woyamba payekha Drevlekhranilishche iconography misewu unayamba kuonekera mu Russia mu zoyambirira za m'ma XIX. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo anasonkhana ndi M. Pogodin ndi P. Korobanov. Koma luso lenileni la penti fano anayamba kuganizira yekha mu zaka mazana makumi awiri. Ndiye wokhometsa Likhachev, amene anali zosonkhanitsira yaikulu ya ntchito ndi amisiri m St. Petersburg anatsegula woyamba poyera Kufikika payekha Museum zithunzi Russian. Mu Moscow, tambirimbiri awa anatsegula zitseko zawo ku nyumba, eni omwe anakonzedwa ndi wojambula I. Ostroukhov ndi wamalonda S. Ryabushinsky. Sipanapite nthawi yaitali pamaso zitasintha.

Modern payekha chionetsero cha zithunzi wakale

Tinganene mosakayika kuti woyambitsa loyamba la masiku owonetsera zakale payekha mafano Russian akhali nyakukumbusa E. Roizman ku Yekaterinburg. zosonkhanitsira wake wa mochedwa zithunzi Old Okhulupirira, kusonyeza chikhalidwe cha XVIII-XIX zaka zambiri, anthu ambiri anayamba kupezeka mu 1999, pamene onse anatenga kutsegula kwambiri ya m'nyumbayi "Nevyansk mafano."

Mu Moscow, kwa connoisseurs wa Orthodox luso anatsegula zitseko za mapale awiri achinsinsi mafano. Kupatula zosonkhanitsira Mihaila Abramova, zaka zingapo Moscow bwinobwino ukugwirira ntchito ndi m'nyumbayi "Nyumba ya chizindikirochi ndi dzina la kupenta SP Ryabushinsky "pa Spiridonovka. Pakati zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ake pali katswiri weniweni. Zikuphatikizapo chizindikiro cha Virigo Hodegetria Chijojiya ntchito za m'ma XV, chizindikirochi Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, zolembedwa zoyambirira za m'ma XVI, ndi khumi ndi ntchito za amisiri Russian chithunzi cha nthawi mochedwa, zomwe zimapanga ulemerero woona wa kupenta Russian. Panopa, Museum wa Zizindikiro Russian mu Spiridonovka ali kukhudzana, amene ali oposa awiri ndi zikwi theka mafano.

Magawo a dziko lapansi Zinthu mu Taganka

zithunzi wakale unawasonkhanitsa Mikhail Abramov, kuthi onse Russian ndi achilendo tambirimbiri payekha. Pa ulendo wake kuuluka onse amene anali ataimirira mu masitolo yakale yoyendera. Komabe, zambiri za zomwe zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho anabwera kuchokera zopereka angapo payekha, ambiri mwa inali ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg. Choncho, Museum wa Russian Zizindikiro anawonjezera katswiri kusungidwa mu zopereka patokha atatu a Moscow ojambula - S. Vorobiev V. Momot ndi A. Kokorin.

Mu 2007, Ofalitsidwa Mikhail Abramov mwalamulo anapeza mwalamulo kunja ku Russia zithunzi 10 kubedwa mu 1984 ku Veliky State zakale ndi mapulani Museum-Reserve (Dmitriya Solunskogo Dymkovo m'mudzi kachisi). Kumene amagulira sanadziwe zimene zinachitikira zovuta zithunzi zojambulidwa pa zaka XVI-XVII m'mayiko Kostroma. Iwo kutchulidwa kufufuza, ngati panali zifaniziro zawo Zithunzi. Only ndikatha kumfunsafunsa wa Institute of Kubwezeretsa Research State anakhoza kuphunzira mbiri ya zithunzi izi. Kumene, Mikhail Abramov anasamutsidwa kuti boma zapamwamba. Mu 2008, mafano awa akhala anasonyeza alendo pa chionetserocho "Kubweranso kwa chuma" mu Tretyakov Gallery.

Koma akatswiri Abramova owonetsera zakale akapeza kubedwa kamodzi Rostov kachisi mwa zinthu zakale anapeza - chosema mtanda. Iye yomweyo anabwerera ku boma. Mikhail Abramov yekha bwino chinkhoswe mu kugula zithunzi Russian kunja, kuika kuyesetsa kubweretsa kunyumba wapatali zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho mbiri yaikulu.

zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho yaulele ya m'nyumbayi pa Taganka

Rublev zithunzi kuchulutsa kapena Dionisiyo, ndithudi, si pano - amapanga zambiri za ntchito za XVI - chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Chabwino ankaimira ambuye ya zankhondo. Ena zithunzi wokhudza provincialism wake kukondwera mtima: Rostov, Vologda, Obonezhie, Tver, Kargopol, Solikamsk, dera Volga - awa ndi ena mwa malo kumene zakale izi zimachitika. Okonda kuthetsa iconography ngati zaka matabwa XVIII-XIX: ndi zinthu zochititsa chidwi zazikulu zambiri ananyalanyaza monga "mochedwa" image, ndi zoona ali kwambiri chidwi.

Kupeza Abramov mu 2007 Kutolere zithunzi, kale m'manja mwa wotchuka Leningrad wokhometsa Vladimir Samsonov, anali chochitika chofunika kwa woyang'anira lapansi. Museum of Zizindikiro Russian mu Goncharnaya kudzadza katswiri woona wa Russian chizindikiro kupenta - chifanizo cha Lady Wathu Odigidrii olembedwa ndi Simoni Ushakov, ndipo zithunzi zingapo za nthawi ina ya burashi siikudziwika bwino ojambula zithunzi, koma kuti sadzatayikiridwa mbiri ndi chikhalidwe chenicheni kufunika kwake. Ngakhale kupeza zopereka ndi khalidwe chidwi.

Samsonov ndoto mu moyo wake kutsegula m'tauni owonetsera zakale iconography, ngale woona umene adzakhala deta yake, koma anthu maloto sizichitika. Atamwalira wokhometsa wa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho udasokonezeka iye olandira osayenera, ndi zotsalira unatengedwa mmodzi wa makachisi, amene amasunga chosasamala wathunthu. Iwo ndi anagula Mikhail Abramov, potero osati kuwonjezera kukhudzana cha nyumbayi wake, komanso kudzipereka ku kukumbukira wodalitsika wa mwamuna woyamba.

Monga akufotokozera phindu lenileni la zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho owonetsera zakale

Anauziridwa ndi kusonkhanitsa mafano, Abramov anamenya pa ubale weniweni ndi akatswiri a luso lakalekale, akatswiri pa Tretyakov Gallery ndi Russian Museum. Kapena chionetsero sukupita zapitazi kumupima, kumatithandiza kukhalabe mkulu mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe mlingo wa msonkhano. Komanso, ngati inu mugule chidutswa wapatali kwambiri, ndi kufufuzidwa osachepera kawiri pofuna kutsimikizira sanali chigawenga zapitazi. Nawonso achichepere katundu kubedwa ali Utumiki wa Culture, zomwe iye anadutsa pa Rosohrankultury - zinthu zonse yakale kufufuzidwa ndi Nawonso achichepere izi.

Kuti pasapezeke kupeza sanathe kudetsa chiyambi mfulu ya utumiki, zikubweretsa wofuna kuthandiza Abramov, mosamalitsa oyang'anira mkulu wa Museum wa Russian Zizindikiro Nicholas Zadorozhnyj. Motsogozedwa wake, m'nyumbayi anagwidwa ndi okonzeka ndi wapadera Old Okhulupirira Pemphero Nyumba ya XIX atumwi, anapeza m'nkhalango ya kudera Tver ali pafupifupi kuwonongedwa. Chapel mosamala mfutizo kwenikweni pa chipika, anatengedwera ku m'nyumbayi shopu ndi kulengedwanso pafupifupi mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi, ndi kumene zithunzi za zithunzi imakonzedwa moyenera, ndi mabuku mapemphero anatsegula, ngati pemphero, ndi nyali zidawala chipinda lonse. Alendo akhoza kuyenda kupyolera mwa iwo, koma wopindidwa.

A pang'ono za exposures ndi

M'chaka cha 2014 anatsegula chionetsero latsopano mu Museum wa Abramov, imene ili anatenga lonse wachinayi pansi kwa nyumbayi. Iwo ali odzipereka kwa iconography zaka XIX-XX. Onse zosiyanasiyana kupenta Russian ku chromolithographs mochedwa krasnushek ndi mafano mpaka yaikulu kachisi ndi kuperekedwa kwa anthu. Mukhozanso osiririka okhwima ovomerezeka Old Okhulupirira mafano, zinalembedwa otchedwa "malo ku kupembedza wakale" amene adali nthambi Tver, Moscow, m'chigawo Moscow ndi Urals. Mbali yaikulu chionetserocho unapatsidwa kwa kumayambiriro kwa luso la kulemba buku zaka zimenezo.

Okwana m'nyumbayi anayi chionetsero apansi, makomo ali yoyerekeza pansi pa khomo otetezeka. Kumbuyo mmodzi wa iwo ankamangidwanso Old Okhulupirira 'Chapel wa XIX atumwi ndi osewera ndi kusema Old Okhulupirira mitanda, mafano ndi Uthenga. The modutsa anasonyeza ndi zotsalira za iconostasis akale. Ngakhale Zodzigawira amapereka Zosayiwalika - makoma ake chokongoletsedwa ndi Russian mawilo wakale utoto kupota. Chimodzi mwa zipinda chionetsero okonzeka ndi Mpingo Orthodox ku Aitiopiya.

Nkhani, zitsanzo ndi maulendo wolemba

Atathana maulendo ikuchitikira masiku asanu ndi limodzi pa mlungu nyumbayi, kupatulapo Lachitatu. Nzika za maulendo izi si wosiyana kwambiri m'nyumbayi mwachizolowezi. Kuwonjezera review ndi yodziwa Kutolere zithunzi, mukhoza kukaona, monga "Russian iconography XIV-XVI zaka" ndi "Russian chizindikiro kupenta XIX-XX zaka. Masitaelo chachikulu malo kutsogolera ndi ambuye. " Koma mwapadera ayenera kukhala wolemba maulendo, mmodzi amene - "World Russian obisika: chikhalidwe cha okhulupirira Old", mwakuchita EB Solodovnikova - ndi wotchuka alendo.

Nthawi zambiri, m'nyumbayi makamu nkhani ndi madzulo themed. Gulu zoimbaimba - mu modutsa Mwaichi kuika limba. Kuti aliyense osati kuona zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapatali, komanso kumvetsera nkhani za za miyambo yachikhalidwe ya Russia wakale, nyumbayi ali okonzeka ndi chipinda msonkhano, ati apadera laibulale thumba, limene mungapeze zonse za mbiri ya chizindikiro cha Orthodox. Abramova Russian Museum ambiri akudziwa ndi kunja, chifukwa kukhudzana ndi kuwolowa manja ake wolemera - owonetsera zakale alendo akhoza amasirira zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ake kwaulere - onse lolipiridwa ndi tate wake Mikhail Abramov. Zimenezi chimasiyanitsa m'nyumbayi payekha mafano Russian ku tambirimbiri anthu.

State osungirako zakale ku mitu onse

Manda chachikulu cha luso labwino la boma Russian zimasungidwa mu Tretyakov Gallery ndi Hermitage. Koma awiri zakale wa Moscow ndipo Saint Petersburg, tiyenera kukumbukira, kuti cholowa lalikulu la Russian chizindikiro kupenta, ali paubwenzi mwachindunji ndi pakati zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho awo - wotchuka chizindikiro mabwana wakale. Mmodzi wa iwo - Boma Russian Museum. Zizindikiro mwa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ake ndi otchuka, koma osati lalikulu. Ndi Museum ku likulu la kumpoto.

Mofanana zogwirizana ndi iconography dziko ali Museum of Ancient Russian Culture ndi Art dzina la Andrei Rublev ili Moscow. Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1947, ali ndi kufotokoza olemera ndi zapamwamba yaikulu ya cholowa kwambiri dziko la chisunzo chabwino. M'nyumbayi mmodzi wa chizindikiro kwambiri akulemekezedwa Mkhristu wa "Dona Wathu Vladimir," lolembedwa mu 1409 Rublev.

mipingo Orthodox - m'nyumbayi moyo wa iconography

Ndi angati Orthodox kudutsa dziko - onse ambirimbiri, ndipo aliyense mafano. Kumene, mbali yaikulu ndi akachisi ndi tiakachisi ili mwa iwo ali yekha mtengo wachibale zazikulu akuyendayenda ojambula zithunzi, osati mbiri yakale. Mipingo kuti ndi mwaluso m'zonse kuteteza katundu wanu kwa makumi angapo a chipembedzowo zonse, koma sindikanati ndigwirizane kusamutsa kuti nyumbayi, kumene kuona anthu masauzande ambiri okonda luso lakalekale. Kunyozedwa ansembe posowa wakutemwa sizitero - pansi akachisi awo kugwiritsa ntchito mafano awa. Russian Museum, ngakhale zing'onozing'ono angapo a zinthu zakale wapatali, koma mpingo uliwonse akhoza kudzitama ngakhale chithunzi umodzi, zomwe zili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe. Ngakhale ngati woweruza zoona zomwe zinalembedwa, ngati sakufuna kutumikira monga kudzoza mapemphero mpingo?

Kufunika kwa mafano wakale wa okhulupirira ano Orthodox

Kumene, owonetsera zakale zisudzo, ngakhale Orthodox mafano, pang'ono kukamuukitsa mu mitima ya chikhulupiriro choona. Monga kunyanzitsa kuvomereza, koma ali ndi zambiri owonetsera zakale khalidwe - m'mlengalenga cha chionetsero yokha erects khoma pakati pa luso la kuzizwa ndi kusangalala kumva kupezeka kwa Mzimu Woyera. Adalenga Museum wa Russian Zizindikiro Abramov akhoza kuswa zikuchikazi, koma pakali ntchito yake analephera kupewa tsoka ili zomvetsa chisoni, ngakhale ena zipinda kukhala pafupi ndi kachisi. Komabe, kuona zithunzi oyera amene anagwada makolo athu - chimwemwe chochuluka kwa Akhristu Orthodox. Kamakupatsani anthu osangalala kwambiri Museum wa Russian Zizindikiro. Moscow wakhala amatilimbikitsa inanso chipilala cha chikhalidwe wakale.

Amakondwera ndi chakuti tate wa nyumbayi anali kuyesera kubweretsa kwa mpingo si mkati mwa malo, komanso mosamala ntchito kunja kwa gulu loyimba zovuta - kutsogolo kwa Museum wa Russian Zizindikiro Woyera Phiri Athos Russian obisika Panteleimonov. Kusankha malo anali abwino.

Udindo wa ogula la kuteteza cholowa Orthodox

Adalenga Museum wa Russian Zizindikiro Taganka Abramov woyeneradi kulemekeza m'nthawi yake. chikondi chake chodzimana pa chikhalidwe cha Lathu mbadwa kuthandiza nyenyeswa recreate mbiri ya Russian Orthodox. Mphamvu ndi chuma ntchito pa izo kwambiri.

Business ndi cholowa Tretyakov abale ndi moyo, izi zikuchitikadi wofuna kuthandiza woona Mikhail Abramov. Museum of Zizindikiro Russian, anawalenga - umboni bwino. Komanso, woyambitsa wa nyumbayi - mnyamata ndithu ndipo akhoza kuchita zambiri chuma cha ulemerero Mama. Makamaka kuti apeze zinthu zakale ana awo, ndipo ulipobe, ndi amene amadziwa zomwe zithunzi osowa akadali zimasungika m'midzi ndi midzi ya dziko lalikulu zotchinga ndi khungu, amene mu ngodya ofiira a zipinda ndi kuyatsa makandulo linawala.