Lamulo Biogenetic wa Haeckel-Müller

lamulo Biogenetic wa Haeckel-Müller limafotokoza chiŵerengero ananena mu chikhalidwe - ontogenesis, mwachitsanzo munthu chitukuko cha chamoyo chilichonse wamoyo, pamlingo winawake, kuti recapitulates phylogeny - chitukuko mbiri ya gulu lonse la nyama imene ikukhuza. Iwo anakonza lamulo, monga dzina lake likunenera, Haeckel ndi F. Müller 60-ntchentche za m'ma XIX, payekhapayekha mzake, ndipo anapereka anatulukira chiphunzitso tsopano kovuta.

N'zoonekeratu kuti chilamulo biogenetic anali kukonza yomweyo. Müller ndi Haeckel a ntchito unachitika chilengedwe cha chimango ndi ongolankhula kwa chilamulo monga zochitika kale anaona ndi malamulo ina yotchuka ya chilengedwe. Mu 1828, K. Baer anakonza otchedwa malamulo kufanana embryonic. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti mazira a anthu a mtundu womwewo zamoyo ndi zinthu zambiri womwewo wa kapangidwe anatomical. Anthu Mwachitsanzo, pa siteji zina za chitukuko Ndisanaumbidwe ali slits gill ndi mchira. Chitsanzo mbali zimasiyanitsa mu kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe a mitundu kudzachitika pokhapo mu njira zina za ontogeny. Lamulo la kufanana embryonic kuzindikiridwa malamulo biogenetic m'njira zambiri: kamodzi mazira a zamoyo zosiyanasiyana kubwereza siteji ya chitukuko cha anthu ena asamabwereze siteji ya chitukuko cha mitundu yonse konse.

AN Severtsov anali kenako kusinthidwa ena chilamulo cha Haeckel-Müller. Wasayansi ananena kuti pa embryogenesis, ie, siteji ya chitukuko embryonic, pali kufanana pakati pa matupi a mazira si akulu. Choncho, slits gill mu Ndisanaumbidwe anthu ofanana ndi slits gill ya mazira nsomba, koma osati ndi kukhazikika wamkulu makutu nsomba.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mmodzi wa umboni kwambiri za chiphunzitso cha Darwin cha kusanduka akuti ndi malamulo mwachindunji biogenetic. Mawu a uwo wokha nzimene zikutitsimikizira kuti mwini zomveka kugwirizana kwake ndi ziphunzitso za Darwin. Ndisanaumbidwe pa chitukuko udzadutsa njira zosiyanasiyana, omwe akufanana siteji zina zachilengedwe chitukuko, tikamawerenga mfundo zinachokera view. Motero, aliyense kovuta bungwe munthu akuimira mu kukula kwake lonse ontogenesis zinyama ku mawonedwe chirengedwe.

Mu maganizo, palinso malamulo biogenetic, anakonza popanda kwachilengedwenso. Ndipotu kuwerenga maganizo pamene chionekera lamulo loletsa linapangidwa zowonetseredwa ndi I. Herbart ndi T. Ziller lingaliro za kufanana kwa malingaliro mwanayo ndi wa anthu onse. Akatswiri ambiri ayesetsa zifukwa chiphunzitso chimenechi tiyerekeze. Bambo Hall, mwachitsanzo, anadza mwachindunji lamulo Haeckel-Müller. Iye ananena kuti chitukuko cha mwana, kuphatikizapo mawu maganizo, limanenedwa potsatira preconditions kwachilengedwenso akubwereza chitukuko zamoyo zinachita zambiri. Lang'anani, cholingachi mosakayikira kutsimikiziridwa kuti tsiku. Mu maganizo, pali lamulo ayi biogenetic wotero.