Ndi mawonedwe mu kuwerenga kwa maganizo ndi Chaanthu Kodi

Lingaliro la "mawonedwe" anali koyamba mu nzeru za sayansi positivist G. Bergman, koma ankagwira pambuyo buku la T. Kuhn ntchito kwawo kwa sayansi ndi nzeru za anthu. Iye anapereka maganizo ake pa zisinthe sayansi monga mawonedwe kosangalatsa - poyamba cilamulo ndi ongolankhula frameworks kuti kulamulira sayansi mu ena nthawi zakale. Nanga ndi mawonedwe mu sayansi? Mu lingaliro ili akutanthauza kukhulupirika okwana za sayansi, makhalidwe ndi njira za kafukufukuyo, amene analandira ndi asayansi.

Psychological kaonedwe pa mfundo yonena za "mawonedwe". Khama la mosiyana

Ndi nkhani ya sayansi ya maganizo ndi malamulo a mawonetseredwe ake anapanga njira zitatu za yankho ku funso lakuti: "Kodi mawonedwe mu kuwerenga maganizo?".

Njira yoyamba imakhala chakuti sayansi zachilengedwezi ndi doparadigmalnoy munda wa chidziwitso, monga mawonedwe sayansi izo silinakwaniritsidwe anakamba.

Mu njira yachiwiri, zamaganizo mukukhulupirira multiparadigmality sayansi, kuyambira inakhalapo paradigms angapo - psychoanalytic, behaviorist, zaumunthu, cognitivist ndi ena.

Njira yachitatu amakhala ndi chakuti zamaganizo imatengedwa vneparadigmalnoy sayansi, chifukwa maganizo "mawonedwe" sizikhudza munda.

Zaumunthu ndi paradigms zachilengedwe sayansi mu zamaganizo

Wotchuka German wasayansi Wilhelm Dilthey nawo kuwerenga maganizo ofotokozera pa more gravitating ku njira ya sayansi yeniyeni, ndi logwirizana kapena kumvetsa. Zimenezi ndi mitundu iwiri ya sayansi zogwirizana masiku ano.

The njira ndi luso la chidziwitso cha psyche anthu ikukambidwayo mwachangu kuwerenga maganizo, ndipo vuto limeneli si wa njira imodzi. Pofotokoza vuto limeneli, B. ntchito kulemba kuti zamaganizo zambiri kumva, makamaka kwa akuluakulu a sayansi yeniyeni, kuti kuwerenga maganizo si sayansi, chifukwa alibe malamulo enieni mosamalitsa njira sayansi ya kafukufuku. Komabe, pa dzanja ena, mwamsanga pamene zamaganizo ayamba kuchita njira masamu chifukwa kufotokoza njira maganizo, kufuna kuchotsa formalization, zonena uka ngakhale zaumunthu wa - kuti, psyche anthu moti n'zosatheka formalize. The vuto lomwelo Tingaone mu kuwerenga maganizo kwambiri.

Otsutsa scientistic njira chitsanzo cha psychoanalysis patsogolo. Monga wotchuka Kizhi inamangidwa popanda misomali, ndi kumanga mumaganiza psychoanalytic mu kuwerenga maganizo inamangidwa popanda limodzi chizindikiro masamu. Kukambirana mbali mwa zimenezi akadali zikuchitika.

Lingaliro la mawonedwe mu Sociology

Kumvetsa zimene mawonedwe mu Chaanthu, muyenera kudziwa kuti poyerekezera ndi mfundo "mawonedwe" mu sayansi akufotokozera ofanana ndi vuto tafotokozazi. Popeza Chaanthu pali mfundo powonetsa ake monga kuwerenga maganizo, akhoza zimachitika "multiparadigmality" sayansi, ndiye chilango sayansi kuti ali paradigms angapo. Kuona uliri panopa, ndi wotchuka Katswiri GV Osipov taonera njira zingapo zimene yaikulu imene zochokera ziphunzitso odziwika a Durkheim, Marx, B. Skinner, M. Weber.

A yankho yosiyaniranapo ku funso lakuti: "? Kodi mawonedwe" angapezeke mu mabuku sociological kunja. Mwachitsanzo, Giddens amaona ngati paradigmatic ziphunzitso sayansi ya Karl Marx, Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber. Pamodzi ndi uwu, inu simungakhoze kuyankhula za ambiri paradigms mu Chaanthu, koma awiri - Agiriki ndi amakono. akatswiri ambiri achilendo amati anafotokoza mogwirizana ndi mofulumira kusintha chikhalidwe cha nyengo panopa njira chikhalidwe ndi thandizo la yamanga ongolankhula asayansi a zaka kale zosatheka. Choncho, kusintha iwo analenga chithunzi chenicheni chikhalidwe, maganizo awo a anthu akhale watsopano sociological mawonedwe.