Aba mankhwala - ndichiyani? Aba mankhwala njira

Chibwenzi, imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri satha kulankhula bwinobwino kuwongolera ntchito njira kusanthula kapena Aba mankhwala. Ndi chiyani icho? Tiyeni tione nkhani imeneyi.

Khalidwe Malangizo ana autistic n'kofunika kwambiri. ntchito yake yaikulu - kuthandiza mwanayo ndi zina olumala kakulidwe atengere chilengedwe ndi kutenga anthu mokwanira nawo.

ana Autistic - ndani?

Kuyenera anamvetsetsa kuti ana autistic sali bwino ndipo palibe choipa kwambiri kuposa anyamata ena, ali osiyana chabe. Chinthu chapadera chokhudza ana awa ndi maganizo, "mtima wodzikonda", iwo sangakhoze kupeza kugwirizana ndi dzikoli.

Makolo Kulingalira tikupeza kuti ana awo - autistic pamene anali yaing'ono. Pa nthawi imene ana wamba pang'onopang'ono kuyambira kuzindikira mayi anga (za 2 miyezi), mwana amene satha kulankhula bwinobwino sasamala mwamtheradi kwa dziko lakunja. Patangopita mwezi umodzi kuchokera pa kubadwa kwa mwana kulira mayi angathe kusankha zimene akufuna: kusewera, kudya, anali ozizira, yonyowa, ndi zina zotero. Ndi mwana autistic ndi sizingatheke kulira wake, kawirikawiri expressionless popanda kusintha mphamvu.

Mu zaka 1-2 ana ndi satha kulankhula bwinobwino akhoza kutchula mawu oyamba, koma ntchito iwo ali wopanda tanthauzo. The mwana wakonda kukhala ndekha. Kukhala pa nthawi popanda mayi kapena wachibale, wasonyeza nkhawa pang'ono.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, mwanayo sakusonyeza kukondabe kwambiri makolo ndi salowa kulankhulana ndi achinyamata.

zimayambitsa yeniyeni chikhalidwe choterocho si wokhazikitsidwa panobe. Asayansi amati pali boma monga chifukwa cha chisokonezo chitukuko ubongo, kuvutika chromosomal, masinthidwe chibadwa.

Ngakhale angaone analengedwa kuti safuna aliyense ana autistic akufunika kulankhula, iwo akufuna kuti timvetsetse, sindikudziwa basi momwe angachitire izo. Ntchito makolo kuthandiza mwana uyu kulankhula ndi dzikoli. Aba mankhwala othandiza kwambiri kwa satha kulankhula bwinobwino kwa tsiku.

Kodi njira ya?

N'chiyani chimachititsa chidwi ndi wapadera? Aba mankhwala - ndichiyani? Bukuli lili ndi umisiri khalidwe ndi njira imene imathandiza kuti kuphunzira mmene zinthu zachilengedwe khalidwe la autistic ndi kusintha izo, ndiko kusintha zinthu izi. Aba mankhwala njira ali dzina lina - khalidwe kusinthidwa. Aba pulogalamu lingaliro ndi makhalidwe onse ali zotsatira, ndipo pamene mwana amakonda, iye kubwereza ndondomeko izi ngati inu sindimakonda izo - sadzatero.

Wakupatsa kukometsa khalidwe?

Aba amalimbikitsa satha kulankhula bwinobwino - ndi maziko a kwambiri mapulogalamu, amene akuuzidwa kuti mankhwala a kuvutika ana. Ubwino mankhwala khalidwe zikutsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro ambiri amachitika zaka 30.

Akatswiri ndi makolo, amene kale ntchito ndi ana ndondomeko monga mankhwala Aba, kusiya ndemanga motere:

• kutukula maluso;
• wabwinobwino dziphunzitsiranso makhalidwe;
• bwino kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano.

Komanso, kuthokoza kwa pulogalamu kwambiri kuchepetsa maonekedwe a kuvutika khalidwe. Iwo anasonyezanso kuti maphunziro kale anayamba Aba mankhwala (makamaka pa zaka sukulu), zotsatira adzakhala noticeable.

Asayansi atulukira njira zosiyanasiyana chilango zolakwika, amene ntchito mankhwala Aba. Njirazi ndi mfundo za a kuwunika ntchito khalidwe.

Kodi ntchito?

Ndi njira imeneyi luso zamoyo zonse kwa ana autistic, monga kukhudzana, kulankhula, masewera kulenga, amatha kuona mu maso, mverani ena ndi kugawidwa mu osiyana ang'onoang'ono mayunitsi-kanthu. Aliyense wa iwo ndiye akuphunzira ndi mwana yekha. Chifukwa, midadada amaphatikiza dera limodzi imene imagwiritsidwa limodzi ntchito zovuta. chifukwa satha kulankhula bwinobwino chithandizo katswiri pa nthawi ya kuphunzira ndondomeko kanthu amapereka mwana ndi matenda autistic sipekitiramu ntchito. Ngati mwana kupirira nazo sitingakhoze, maphunziro zimamuthandiza lingaliro, kenako amapereka mphoto kwa mayankho olondola a mwanayo, pamene mayankho pachithunzichi amanyalanyazidwa. Izi zachokera mankhwala Aba. Maphunziro a njira imeneyi imakhala njira zingapo.

sitepe yoyamba: kuyamba ndi losavuta

Pulogalamu zolimbitsa thupi ndi "chinenero amvetse." The katswiri amapereka mwana ntchito zina kapena nzothandiza Mwachitsanzo, anafunsa kuti akweze dzanja lawo, ndiye amapereka yankho (amanyamula dzanja mwanayo) pambuyo mphoto mwana yankho lolondola. Kukhala ankafuna angapo olowa, mwana ayesera kuchita chinthu ngakhale asanauzidwe. Katswiri mwana akubwereza kachiwiri mawu omwewo, ndipo anafuna kuti yankho kudziletsa zolondola. Ngati mwana akuyankha molondola, ngakhale asanauzidwe, ndiye amalandira mphoto (kumutamanda tipatseni kanthu wabwino kudya, tiyeni play, etc.). Ngati yankho lolondola mwana satero, ntchito akubwerezedwa kachiwiri, ntchito kwenikweni. Pamenepo, mwana akuyesera kuchita zonse nokha. Chitani kutsazikana pamene mwanayo akhoza palibe umboni uliwonse kupereka yankho lolondola.

Pamene 90% ya mayankho kwa palokha Katswiri ntchito mwanayo zoona, ife timathandiza nzothandiza latsopano Mwachitsanzo, anafunsa kuti kugwedeza mutu wake. Nkofunika kuti ntchito ngati osiyana. A ntchito yatsopano akwaniritse zomwezi.

Chinthu chachiwiri: lokhazikika zakuthupi

Pambuyo mwana katswiri ntchito chachiwiri - "kugwedeza mutu wanu" kusokoneza ntchito yonseyi. zochita anaphunzira alternated mwachisawawa: "kugwedeza mutu wanu" - "mungakweze dzanja lanu", "mungakweze dzanja lanu" - "mungakweze dzanja lanu" - "kugwedeza mutu wako" ndi zina zotero. Ntchito amaonedwa katswiri pamene 90% ya mwana amapereka yankho lolondola ndi kusinthana zokambirana aphunzira. Chiwembu chomwecho umayamba ndi kukwaniritsa kukondoweza lachitatu, ndi zina zotero.

Mbali yachitatu: ife zambiri ndi lokhazikika

Pa nthawi imeneyi, luso amenewa zowombetsa mkota. Pamene mwana anapeza okwanira zolimbikitsa disbursed zofunika ( "kutenga", "Patsani," "kuno" ndi ena.), Samalani generalization lapansi. Zochita yamba kuthera mu malo odabwitsa komanso mosayembekezereka (pa msewu, mu sitolo mu bafa). Pambuyo pa mndandanda wa anthu kupereka mwana ntchito (Katswiri, amayi, abambo, agogo, agogo).

Mbali chachinayi

Ichi ndi chomaliza. Panthawi ina, mwana osati akufotokozera adawafotokozera naye zolimbikitsa, komanso ayamba kumvetsetsa ntchito yatsopano paokha, zina kukonza si chofunika. Mwachitsanzo, iye wapatsidwa ntchito ndi "kutseka chitseko" Onetsani nthawi 1-2, ichi ndi kale zokwanira. Ngati likukhalira, zikutanthauza kuti pulogalamuyi ndi katswiri, ndi Aba magawo mankhwala ndi ofunika. The mwana amayamba kuphunzira zambiri kuchokera kwa chilengedwe, ndi momwe angachitire izo ambiri osauka ana, palibe satha kulankhula bwinobwino.

Kodi Mzimuyo mphamvu ya malangizo satha kulankhula bwinobwino mwana?

Pakuti bitmap Khalani ndi mukhale ambiri zochita ndi zinthu ayenera kukhala kwambiri ndithu khama ndiponso nthawi. Akukhulupirira kuti ana ndi matenda a "satha kulankhula bwinobwino" Aba mankhwala ndi yothandiza kwambiri ngati ziphunzitso za njira imeneyi maola osachepera 30-40 pasabata. Yambani kuchita pa pulogalamu zotero, zabwino pamaso pa mwana akutembenukira zaka 6. Aba-TARP othandiza kwa ana okulirapo. Koma mwamsanga aliyense wayamba bwino zotsatira.

Ubwino wa njira

Ana ndi satha kulankhula bwinobwino ndi efficacious kwambiri Aba mankhwala. Education sikuti kubwereza khalidwe anakhumba, ndikuphunzitsidwa akatswiri kumathandiza mwana kunyamula chitsanzo woyenera zinthu wina ndi mzake. Zofunika kwambiri chigawo chimodzi kukwaniritsa bwino nawo mwachindunji makolo mu pulogalamuyi Aba.

Zotsatira zabwino kuoneka msanga. Malinga ndi kafukufuku ndi woyambitsa wa njira imeneyi Ivar Lovaas, pafupifupi theka la ana amene analandira malangizo a pulogalamu wa Aba, akhoza kuphunzitsidwa sukulu yachibadwa. State ndi khalidwe bwino mu oposa 90% ya chiwerengero cha ana amene analandira malangizo njira imeneyi.

Aba mankhwala limachititsa zonse kukhala mwana kucheza ndi kulowa anthu. Ana ndi satha kulankhula bwinobwino pafupifupi kwathunthu kutha olakwika. Aba njira amalola ana amene kenako anatembenukira kwa uphunguwo (zaka 5-6), kuti kuchidziwa.

Pulogalamu chimakwirira minda onse a nzeru; ku chitukuko cha zida za cilamulo mapangidwe ndi kusintha kwa luso oyang'anira tauni odzithandiza okha.

kuipa njira

Mwatsoka, Aba mankhwala sangathe ntchito pa siteji oyambirira, ngati mwana ndi satha kulankhula bwinobwino ndi mantha a alendo. Pologalamuyi ndi lolimba, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala. Makolo ndi m'makhalidwe ndi thupi ayenera kukhala okonzeka kudzipereka kwathunthu, ntchito ikuchitika mosalekeza, dongosolo mphoto ndi zilango si wosweka. Kum'dula pakamwa kapena kufooka ntchito si zofunika, monga akhoza kudwala chifukwa. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mwana si amaphunzitsidwa ndi ophunzitsidwa - luso ophunzitsidwa ndi kubwerezabwereza pafupipafupi. Kuti ntchito njira imeneyi, muyenera kumaliza kumvera mwanayo, ndi kukwaniritsa nthawi zina ndi kovuta. makalasi Control mu pulogalamuyi ndi ofunika kwambiri, koma kunyumba ndipo tiyenera kuyesetsa kukonza kukula kwa dongosolo kuti adzakhala mogwirizana ndi dongosolo ndende.

mavuto zotheka

Olimbikitsa ana ndi matenda a "satha kulankhula bwinobwino" ndi yosiyana ndi ya ana abwinobwino. Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti mwana akhoza chidwi, izo n'chiyani. Ovomerezeka kapena kutsutsa ana autistic ndi operewera, poyamba matamando akhoza pamodzi ndi mphotho weniweni. Ana awa sangathe kwa nthawi yaitali kuganizira chilichonse ndipo nthawi zambiri kulalikira choncho n'kofunika kuchita kokoka chete, ntchito ogaŵikana zigawo ang'onoang'ono. Kubwereza compensates kuti akuchedwa kuphunzira mfundo umboni anafotokoza mawu zazing'ono. Pamene mwana amaphunzira kulankhula momasuka ndi mphunzitsi chimodzi pa, mukhoza kumuitanira kucheza ndi anthu awiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuonjezera chiwerengero cha anzake. ana zimenezi sizithandiza luso kuonerera, kotero ntchito onyenga. muphunzitsidwe chindiletsa kudziletsa kukondoweza - akugwedeza, kuomba mmanja. Ana ndi satha kulankhula bwinobwino musati kusiyanitsa kuwalimbikitsa kwambiri ndi zonyozeka atamva zina kwambiri kutchulidwa kapena M'malo mwake, wofooka kwambiri. Infomeshoni, kawirikawiri kudalira masomphenya koposa kumva. Ana bwino kuzindikira zambiri pa kumva, ambiri bwinobwino mwakuchita pulogalamu wa Aba.

Aba mankhwala mwina njira yokhayo ntchito ndende ndi ana autistic, zomwe zimabweretsa mikangano zambiri ndi zokambirana. Zosiyana Mitundu kusakhutira kapena mfundo chakale, kapena ayi akatswiri Aba oyenerera amene lero zambiri, monga pulogalamu likupitirirabe wotchuka kwambiri. Sewerolo chonse amadalira kwambiri pa luso la katswiri, kotero muyenera kusankha mosamala kwambiri.