Monga chombo kupita ku bafa m'mlengalenga? Akunja mabafa zida

Nkhaniyi limatiuza mmene chombo kupita ku chimbudzi mu mlengalenga ndi madzi osamba, komanso pa zimene maziko anakonza malo sewerage ndi madzi.

danga

Zaka 55 zapitazo Zachitika kuti, monga maloto asayansi ambiri - munthu anapanga mlengalenga wake woyamba ndege, akuthawira kupitirira lathuli.

Patapita nthawi, zinadziwika kuti kanjira dziko lapansi zikuoneka ndi zofunikira kuti mukulitse okwerera kafukufuku, mitundu yonse danga-zikuyendera ayamba zinalengedwera ndi chitukuko. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito zimenezi kuti amalize iwo kuti yekha US ndi USSR. Kenako analengedwa ndi ISS - Mayiko Space Station. iye posachedwapa chikondwerero zaka makumi awiri a moyo utumiki.

Koma ISS - si woyamba dziko chinthu, anaikira anthu azikhalamo yaitali, ndipo limakhala zinthu zofunika pa moyo ndi wabwino chombo ndi kukhalabe ntchito zawo zofunika, kuphatikizapo wagawo ukhondo. Ndipo funso wosakhwima kuti nthawi zambiri kumveka kwa anthu osaphunzira: momwe chombo kupita ku bafa m'mlengalenga? Izi ndi zimene tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

ukhondo

nkhaniyi sizimabwera mu mbiri ya chombo, mafilimu sayansi ndi mabuku, ndipo ngakhale wosangalatsa. Mu zosemasema ambiri zambiri amanyalanyaza mfundo kovuta. Kawiri kawiri mutha kupeza mabuku mmene ofufuza wolimba kwa chilengedwe cha m'tsogolo ali ku usilikali kapena sayansi masuti ambiri maola. Ngakhale zingawakhumudwitse mutu, danga chimbudzi - kuipidwa chipangizo luso, mfundo ndi dongosolo kuti akufotokozera maganizo yabwino okonza. Ndipo ndi - osati popanda chifukwa.

Chinthu ndi malo yozungulira ndi spacecraft koma sangathe kulenga yokoka yokumba, ndipo vuto la malo Chimbudzi pachimake mu masiku oyambirira a kufufuza malo. Ndithudi, pakalibe mphamvu wokongola zinyalala madzi anthu chabe kumwaza ndi zipinda ndipo angathe kuyambitsa yochepa dera kapena mphambu a dongosolo makope mpweya.

Monga chombo kupita ku bafa m'mlengalenga? Ndipotu, zonse ndi yosavuta. Zimbudzi imakonzedwa malinga ndi mfundo za zotsukira zingalowe - zinyalala mawere ndi mpweya makhalidwe oipa ndi zina zimalowa dongosolo recirculation. Koma yang'anani pa chipangizo awo mwatsatanetsatane.

Zida ISS zimbudzi

Bafa pa siteshoni danga - ndi chipangizo kwambiri, pamodzi ndi machitidwe mpweya kapena thermoregulatory. Ngati sichitha, ntchito anapitiriza siteshoni adzakhala wolemala. Komabe, zinthu zimenezi si chinachitika, ndi chombo ndi wapadera chimbudzi yaying'ono chipangizo. Koma ngozi kwagona kuti malo sangathe windo kuwataya zinyalala zonse ndi ventilate chipinda kwa chosangalatsa fungo. Choncho, tiyeni tione funso momwe chombo kupita ku chimbudzi mu malo mwatsatanetsatane.

ISS ali mabafa atatu ndi awiri a iwo - pa Russian kupanga. Zimbudzi oyenera adalira mamembala awo a amuna ndi akazi. Monga tanenera kale, iwo ntchito pa mfundo za yoyeretsa zingalowe, woyamwa mu kukonza zinyalala zonse ndi osalola kuti kumwaza mwa zipinda za siteshoni. Ndiye muli kulowa processing mkombero wa dongosolo, pamene iwo alandira kumwa ndi madzi luso ndi oxygen.

Kumene, ukhondo wagawo pa ISS ndi chimbudzi ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi Earth. Choyamba pamaso onse bindings miyendo yake (kuti wokayenda pamwezi osati amauluka Mosakhalitsa) komanso zopalira wapadera kwa m'chiuno. M'malo mwake ntchito madzi zingalowe, amene imayamwa ndi zinyalala zonse. Pambuyo pa kuyeretsa adzizungulira, ndi zinyalala otsala Akusonkhanitsa muli wapadera komanso anasamukira lembani limodzi la zombo katundu kwa yobwezeretsanso. Kotero tsopano ife kudziwa momwe chombo kupita ku chimbudzi mu mlengalenga. Koma bwanji ngati wokayenda pamwezi amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi pamene anali m'mlengalenga, koma osati pamalopa?

zimbudzi spacecraft

Akuthamanga mu ngalawa danga ndi docking ndi ISS - ndi yovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zina chombo ndi kukhala okonzeka ndi Launch roketi ndithu nthawi yayitali ndipo amachita ndi machenjerero ndondomeko kumawakoka kwa ambiri maola. N'zoona kuti palibe munthu olongosoka sangakhoze kupirira kwambiri popanda kupita ku chimbudzi. Choncho, isanayambe chombo ndi kuvala masuti danga pansi pa matewera wapadera. spacecraft makonzedwe amenewa kulakalaka danga pa chilengedwe cha osiyana, ngakhale chimbudzi zophweka kwambiri, ndi zosayenera.

Ngati mukufuna nafe yaitali pa bolodi chombo, monga izo zinali mu zaka zoyambilira, pamene siteshoni danga kulibe, ndiye ntchito bafa mindandanda yamasewera wapadera - hoses kusintha ndi nozzles mu mawonekedwe a zimaphala. The makhalidwe oipa mu mlengalenga amene amalenga adaponya, zinyalala olimba Akusonkhanitsa zitini zinyalala ndi madzi ejected kunja chombo.

Kodi kuchotsa chombo?

Poyamba, malo ofufuza anachita popanda njira madzi. Iwo ntchito Pochotsa yonyowa. Koma pamene iwo zinamangidwa ndi kuika mu kanjira woyamba siteshoni danga, iwo sizinkayendera shawa. Dongosolo makope mpweya kuyambira chatsekedwa, ndipo kuchokera zofukiza extraneous kuchotsa zovuta, kotero chombo ayenera kusunga diso pa ukhondo. Osati udindo wotsiriza ankaimba ndi chitonthozo maganizo - Ndipotu kukhala chosokonekera palibe amene amakonda. Popeza chombo kusamba?

Osiyana okwerera akusamba, ndi zina zotero zombo kumeneko. Ndipo zochitika zasonyeza kuti pomanga iwo ndi kosathandiza. wapadera zosavuta kutsuka shampu ntchito kutsuka Pochotsa yonyowa ndi machubu a madzi. Chifukwa cha mavuto padziko iwo molimba unachitikira pa matupi a anthu, ndiyeno basi thaulo. Kumene, ndi shawa izi n'zosatheka kuyerekeza, koma bwino ndi njira kuthandiza kupirira kuipitsa achilengedwe a thupi.

"Skylab"

malopa danga lakhala mu kanjira za zaka 6, ndiyeno anatumiza kwa ntchito m'mlengalenga, kumene yopsereza bwinobwino. Ngakhale kwathunthu, ndipo ena a zanyengo apabe pamwamba. A chidwi imeneyi siteshoni ndi wambirimbiri danga ufulu ndi shawa.

Modern Space Station - malo kumene ntchito kulikonse yopuma m'mlengalenga. Koma "Skylab" ndi kusiyana ndi miyeso yake mkati. Iwo anali ngati kuti chombo pa nawuza Easy wopita ku khoma wina ndi mzake, ambiri amanena kuti ufulu mkati buku kwambiri. Ndi pa malopa anali kusamba, ndithudi, modernized kwa zikhalidwe za kusowa yokoka.

"The World"

Shawa anali ndi pamalopa "Mir". Koma malo ano siteshoni ISS iwo alibe, chifukwa kutenga akusamba mu kanjira - si chinthu chomwecho, kuti madzi mankhwala mu dziko. Dongosololi kwambiri anachedwa chifukwa zovuta zosiyanasiyana ndi chombo mocheperapo anasangalala chipangizo mutsogolerane ndi kupukuta matawulo yonyowa. Komanso si dothi pa siteshoni, chifukwa khungu ndi owonongedwa kwambiri zosakwana Padziko Lapansi.

Free mavuto United States ndi Soviet Union

Dzina la wokayenda pamwezi yoyamba m'mbiri ya anthu, mwina, aliyense amadziwa. Koma pano pali dzina wachiwiri amadziwika kuti aliyense. Iwo anali American Alan Shepard. Ndipo woyamba mavuto chimbudzi mu Otsutsa wathu wakale mu malo mpikisano anayamba May 5, 1961 pamaso pa Launch wa roketi ndi Shepard.

Alan, amene ndi nthawi kuti anali suti kwa maola oposa 8 ndipo anauza woyendetsa kuti n'zofunikadi kukaona chimbudzi. Koma usokoneze maphunziro kuyamba, kudyetsa chombo utumiki nsanja, ndiye kuchita lokonzekera kunali kosatheka. Zoterezi kukanachititsa kulanda ndege. Chifukwa, Shepard kudayenera kuti tisangalale kufunika yaing'ono bwino suti ya. Akatswiri ankaopa kuti idzatsogolera ku dera lalifupi ndi kulephera ambiri masensa telemetry, koma mwamwayi palibe chinachitika.

Koma Gagarin ankathawa zinakonzedwa bwino. Ngakhale zinatha mphindi 108 zokha, sitima yakeyo anali okonzeka ndi kuvala chipangizo wapadera mu mawonekedwe a hoses kusintha ndi nyuzi, imene imayamwa zinyalala. Komabe, sakudziwika ngati iwo anatenga Gagarin.

Pomaliza

Monga mukuonera, danga chimbudzi - ichi ndi chipangizo zofunika kwambiri popanda imene sizingatheke kupeza chombo yaitali Earth kanjira. Ngakhale kuphweka n'zopanda, kuti limanena lawo lalikulu kwambiri akhala anakhala mapulani ndi kukhazikitsa. Mwachitsanzo, chimbudzi, lomwe linalamula Achimereka kwa gawo chake cha ISS mu Russia, zingawatayitse $ miliyoni 19. Koma pamene spacewalks anthu amakakamizidwa ntchito matewera wapadera, chifukwa nthawi zina ntchito kunja zombo ISS kapena kutambasula kwa maola ambiri.

Ndipo kukumbukira mfundo unappetizing kuti mukufuna kudabwa kwambiri n'zaka atolankhani chombo: zinyansi zonse kulowa dongosolo yobwezeretsanso, kumene iwo amapanga madzi ndi mpweya kudya zina. Koma ntchito iliyonse yaikulu amafuna nsembe, ndi chombo ali wokonzeka kupita ku vikulu chifukwa cha maloto awo.