DNA kugawanika - magawo chachikulu

Kugawikana DNA - deoxyribonucleic asidi biosynthesis. The mfundo biosynthesis ya DNA ndi adenosine, ndi guanozin- tsitidin- timidintrifosfornaya asidi kapena ATP, GTP, CTP ndi TTP.

DNA kugawanika

Biosynthesis ikuchitika pamaso pa "mbewu" otchedwa - wambiri wa kusandulika osakwatiwa-Shackleton deoxyribonucleic asidi chothandizira. The chothandizira amachita monga DNA polymerase. enzyme Izi zimafunika Kusakaniza wa zatsalira nyukiliotayidi. Mu mphindi imodzi, zikugwirizana zatsalira nyukiliotayidi oposa 1,000. zatsalira nyukiliotayidi mu molekyulu asidi deoxyribonucleic mpukutu cholukanalukana 3, 5'-phosphodiester kumangigwa. DNA polymerase catalyzes Kuwonjezera mononucleotides zatsalira kwa ufulu 3-hydroxyl deoxyribonucleic acid yotsiriza losandulizika. Choyamba apanga mbali yaing'ono ya DNA. Iwo zingawathandize zochita za DNA ligase kupanga zidutswa yaitali deoxyribonucleic acid. zidutswa zonse ziwiri isanafalikire mu mtima selo. Kusinthidwa deoxyribonucleic acid ntchito monga mfundo za kukula kwa maselo DNA m'tsogolo ndiponso ndi bokosi limene aumbike ndi antiparallel dera deoxyribonucleic asidi amene kusandulika ndi DNA ndi zofanana mu dongosolo ndi mayikidwe a nyukiliotayidi ndondomeko ya zatsalira. Kugawanika kwa DNA zidzachitika interphase mitotic magawano selo. deoxyribonucleic acid ndi anaikira mu DNA ndi chromatin. Pambuyo mapangidwe asidi wosakwatira deoxyribonucleic anapanga nyumba yake yachiwiri ndi ukachenjede. m'magawo awiri motere deoxyribonucleic acid ndi cholukanalukana mwa maunyolo a hydrogen wa mapolojekiti ulamuliro. DNA kugawanika amapezeka mu mtima selo lapansi.

Zithunzi magulu osiyana a biosynthesis a mitundu RNA ndi mphamvu kulemera pawiri ndi ATP, GTP, CTP ndi TTP. asidi Ribonucleic akhoza apanga m'menemo ndi kutenga mbali mmodzi wa makombo atatu: DNA amadalira RNA polymerase, polynucleotide-nucleotidyltransferases ndi RNA amadalira RNA polymerase. The woyamba uli mu mtima maselo onse lotseguka komanso mu mitochondria lapansi. RNA anali apanga pa DNA Chinsinsi pamaso pa triphosphates ribonucleoside, Mangan ndi ayoni magnesium. Yopangidwa RNA molekyulu Kugwirizana kwa DNA Chinsinsi. Kuti DNA kugawanika zinachitika mu mtima anapanga tsa-RNA, t-RNA ndi RNA-RNA ndi priming. Woyamba atatu kusamutsidwa kwa cytoplasm, kumene iwo ali nawo mapuloteni biosynthesis.

DNA kugawanika limapezeka pafupifupi komanso kusinthika kwa deoxyribonucleic acid. Kufala komanso kuteteza mudziwe majini ikuchitika zinthu ziwiri: galamafoniyo ndipo yomasulira. Kodi losokonekera? Gene - unit chuma, zomwe ndi mbali ya maselo a deoxyribonucleic acid (RNA ena mavairasi). Ali DNA a mtima selo. uthengawu ku maselo imafalikira ku DNA kudzera RNA kuti mapuloteni. Galamafoniyo ikuchitika phata selo ndi wa kaphatikizidwe mRNA pa zigawo mamolekyulu deoxyribonucleic acid. Kuyenera ananena kuti ndondomeko ya nucleotides deoxyribonucleic asidi "anasintha" mu nyukiliotayidi ndondomeko ya molekyulu ndi RNA. RNA polymerase amamangiriridwa chogwirizana DNA gawo "unwinds" helix matabwa ake awiri ndi kukopera nucleotides deoxyribonucleic acid kwa kuika mfundo za mapolojekiti. Monga kusamutsidwa mpukutu apanga RNA timafupa ukusunthira kutali masanjidwewo, ndi iwiri Shackleton DNA kumbuyo enzyme yomweyo limzake. Ngati RNA polymerase ukufika mapeto gawo anakopera ukusunthira kutali RNA M'manja mu karyoplasm akatero zimathera mu cytoplasm, kumene watenga mbali mu mapuloteni biosynthesis.

Pa kulengeza Kusinthaku nyukiliotayidi maulamulirowo molekyulu ndi RNA anamasuliridwa mu ndondomeko ya zatsalira kwa amino asidi mapuloteni molekyulu. ndondomeko kumachitika cytoplasm ndi RNA amaphatikizidwa anapanga polysomes.