Amapanga yokoka ndi mmene kulenga

Ngakhale anthu alibe chidwi ndi danga, munaonapo filimu za kuyenda danga kapena kuwerenga zinthu zimenezi m'mabuku. Pafupifupi anthu onsewa kupita ku ntchito ya sitima, kugona kwabwino, alibe mavuto ndi kudya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti izi - fictitious - m'chombo ali yokoka yokumba. Ambiri mwa omvera amaona ngati chinachake zachilendo, ndipo mfundo zimenezi si zoona.

yokoka yokumba

Kotero ife timachitcha kusintha (malangizo mwina) bwino kuti ife yokoka kutsatira njira zosiyana. Ndipo ichi chachitika, osati mwa ntchito za nthano, koma mavuto enieni padziko lapansi, nthawi zambiri, kwa zatsopano.

Akuti chilengedwe yokoka yokumba sichitsata kuvuta. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza yolenganso izo ntchito inertia, yeniyeni, mphamvu centrifugal. Kufunika kwa mphamvu chiyani osadzuka dzulo - izo zinachitika mwamsanga pamene anthu anayamba kulota a ndege mlengalenga yaitali. Creation yokoka yokumba danga zingakuthandizeni kupewa Mavuto ambiri akuwuka kwa kutalika kwa nthawi weightlessness. The chombo kukula minofu ofooka, mafupa kukhala cholimba. Oyendayenda mu miyezi zinthu, mukhoza kupeza zina minofu ya manja.

Choncho, lero chilengedwe yokoka yokumba - ntchito yofunika kwambiri, malo kufufuza popanda zinazo zimenezi n'zosatheka.

materiel

Ngakhale anthu amene akudziwa za sayansi ndi maphunziro mlingo kudziwanso kuti yokoka - mmodzi wa malamulo chachikulu dziko lathu: thupi lonse kucheza wina ndi mzake, akukumana ndi mwagwirizana kukopa / repulsion. Ikuluikulu thupi kwambiri, mphamvu zake za anyamata.

Land chenicheni athu - chinthu chachikulu kwambiri. N'chifukwa chake lililonse thupi limodzi mozungulira icho anakopeka.

Pakuti tanthauzo mathamangitsidwe yokoka, omwe kawirikawiri amayezedwa ga, wofanana mamita 9,8 pa lalikulu chachiwiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati muzitha sitinali thandizo, tifuna agwa pa mtengo kuwonjezeka iliyonse yachiwiri mamita 9,8.

Choncho, pokhapokha yokoka, timatha kuima, kugwa, kudya ndi kumwa zambiri, kumvetsa komwe pamwamba, kumene pansi. Ngati kukopa idzapita - tidzakhala ziro yokoka.

Makamaka bwino zodabwitsazi chombo amapezeka mu malo mu mkhalidwe akuyandama - ufulu kugwa.

Theoretically, asayansi kudziwa mmene kulenga yokoka yokumba. Pali njira zingapo.

Unyinji lalikulu

The yabwino njira - kuti ndi spacecraft yaikulu kwambiri moti ananyamuka yokoka yokumba. M'chombocho, mukhoza womasuka, chifukwa palibe lathu mu mlengalenga adzataika.

Mwatsoka, njira imeneyi n'zosatheka pa chitukuko lino la sayansi. Kumanga malo amenewa amafuna zinthu zambiri. Komanso, ndalama zosaneneka mphamvu chofunika kuti apeze chinthucho.

mathamangitsidwe

Zingatanthauze kuti ngati mukufuna kuwafika ga, wofanana dziko lapansi, ife basi ayenera kupereka chombo lathyathyathya (platformoobraznuyu) mawonekedwe adzautenge kusuntha perpendicular kwa ndege ndi mathamangitsidwe ankafuna. Mu njira iyi, yokoka yokumba analandira, ndipo - yabwino ndi.

Komabe, mfundo ndi zambiri zovuta.

Choyamba ndi bwino kuganizira nkhani mafuta. Kusiteshoni ya nthawi zonse mofulumira, muyenera kukhala mosadodometsedwa mphamvu okwanira. Ngakhale injini Mwadzidzidzi, musati kutaya nkhaniyi, lamulo la kusamala mphamvu likugwirabe.

Vuto lachiwiri ndi lingaliro la mathamangitsidwe zonse. Malinga ndi nzeru zathu ndi malamulo a sayansi, simungathe imathandizira mpaka kalekale.

Komanso, zoyendera izi si oyenera ntchito kafukufuku, popeza ayenera nthawi zonse kuti inapita patsogolo - kuwuluka. Iye sitingaleke kufufuza dzikoli, iye pang'onopang'ono kuwuluka mozungulira icho sangakhoze - m'pofunika imathandizira.

Choncho, zimaonekeratu kuti yokoka yokumba si koma kupezeka kwa ife.

carousel

Aliyense akudziwa m'mene carousel kasinthasintha amakhudza thupi. Choncho, yokumba yokoka chipangizo malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi zikuwoneka kuti zimathandizadi kwambiri.

Zonse ziri carousel awiri, amamuchititsa akugwa pa mtengo pafupifupi wofanana ndi liwiro kasinthasintha. Iwo likukhalira kuti thupi mphamvu anatsogoleredwa pamodzi ndi utali wozungulira chinthu onsewo. Izi zikufanana kwambiri yokoka.

Choncho, pamafunika m`chombo, ndi mawonekedwe cylindrical. Mu nkhani imeneyi, atembenuza padziko nguli. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, kukula yokumba pa m'mlengalenga, ndi cholinga malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi ikuonekera zambiri okwanira mu mafilimu yopeka.

Sitimayo mbiya woboola pakati, Kukhazikika mukukonzeratu kuzungulira olamulira kotenga, mphamvu centrifugal, malangizo a Chofanana ndi utali wozungulira wa chinthu. Kuwerengetsa mathamangitsidwe chifukwa chofunika kugawanitsa mphamvu pansi.

Kudziwa sayansi anthu kupeza izi sikovuta: a = ω²R.

Mu dongosolo ili, chifukwa mawerengedwe - mathamangitsidwe, woyamba variable - liwiro mfundo (amayezedwa radians pa wachiwiri), wachiwiri - ndi utali wozungulira.

Malinga ndi ichi, chifukwa ife ntchito ga, muyenera molondola kuphatikiza ndi mathamangidwe okhota ndi utali wozungulira zoyendera danga.

vuto Izi aunika mafilimu monga "Intersol" "Babulo 5," "2001: A Space Odyssey" ndi zina zotero. Pa nthawi zonsezi, kukula yokumba kuyandikira yokoka mathamangitsidwe lapansi.

Ziribe kanthu momwe zabwino lingaliro, ndi kovuta kuzitsatira.

njira ya vuto "carousel"

Vuto odziwika yafotokozedwa "A Space Odyssey". Utali wozungulira "danga chotengera" ndi za 8 mamita. Pofuna kupeza mathamangitsidwe mu 9,8, ndi kasinthasintha ayenera kutenga malo pa mlingo wa pafupifupi 10,5 miniti iliyonse ya zolowa.

Pamene mfundo izi kuonetsa "Coriolis tingati" lomwe ndi pa mtunda wosiyana zotsatira pansi mphamvu osiyana. Izo zimatengera mathamangidwe okhota.

Iwo likukhalira kuti yokoka yokumba danga analengedwa, koma kwambiri mofulumira kasinthasintha wa thupi kungachititse kuti mavuto ndi makutu lamkati. Zimenezi, zimayambitsa vutoli, mavuto ndi dongosolo vestibular ndi zina - ofanana - mavuto.

Zikamera wa vuto limeneli likusonyeza kuti chitsanzo ichi zopanda kwambiri.

Mungayesere kupita pa n'zosiyana, monga ife tinachitira mu buku "World-mphete". Apa ngalawa ili mu mawonekedwe a mphete amene utali wozungulira pafupifupi kwa utali wozungulira wa mpita athu (pafupifupi mamiliyoni 150 makilomita). Pa kukula izi, liwiro kasinthasintha akukwana kunyalanyaza Coriolis kwenikweni.

Tikhoza kuganiza kuti vutoli anathana, koma si choncho. chakuti zolowa okwana dongosolo kuzungulira nguli amatenga masiku 9. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti katundu ndi okwera kwambiri. Pofuna kupanga awo anathandizira, pamafunika zakuthupi amphamvu kwambiri, omwe lero palibe. Komanso vuto ndi zochuluka ndipo mwachindunji kumanga ndondomeko.

Masewera a nkhani zofanana, monga mu filimu "Babulo 5", mavuto awa tikuyesera anatsimikiza: ndi okwanira rotational liwiro, ndi Coriolis zotsatira si kwambiri, hypothetically zotheka kuti akonze chombo chotere.

Komabe, ngakhale maiko awa ndi drawback. dzina lake - patsogolo.

m'chombo, Kukhazikika mukukonzeratu padziko nguli, ndi lidzasinthidwa gyroscope yaikulu. Monga mukudziwa, kupanga gyro kuchokera olamulira ndi yovuta kwambiri chifukwa patsogolo okhota. Nkofunika kuti kuchuluka sasiya dongosolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anapereka malangizo a chinthu kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri. Komabe, vuto zingathe kuthetsedwa.

Polankhula

Amapanga yokoka pa siteshoni danga amakhala akupezeka pamene chithandizo abwera "O'Neill Cylinder." Kulenga kumanga zimenezi zimafuna ziwiya cylindrical umene kulumikiza pamodzi olamulira a. Iwo kukhala zimayenda mu madera osiyana. The chifukwa cha msonkhano uwu ndi ziro okhota patsogolo, choncho pasakhale mavuto ndi kupereka sitimayo malangizo kutero.

Ngati nkotheka, kupanga chombo utali wozungulira pafupifupi 500 meters, ndiye ntchito chimodzimodzi monga kuyenera. Pankhaniyi, kukula yokumba mu danga omasuka ndithu ndi oyenera flights yaitali zombo kapena okwerera kafukufuku.

Space Akatswiri

Kodi kulenga yokoka yokumba, amadziwika kuti ndiAmene wa masewera. Komabe, mu dziko lino zongopeka yokoka - si kukondana matupi, koma mphamvu liniya, oyesa kufulumizitsa zinthu malangizo anapatsidwa. The kukopa apa si Mtheradi, izo zinasintha pamene womwe ukulozera gwero.

Amapanga yokoka pa siteshoni danga analenga pogwiritsa ntchito jenereta wapadera. Iye Co-rotational yunifolomu ndi zone jenereta. Choncho, mu dziko lenileni, atagwidwa mu galimoto imene jenereta, inu kuti kukopeka kwa thupi. Komabe, ngwazi ya masewera zidzagwa bola ngati kanthu sasiya chipangizo wozungulira.

Pakali pano, kukula yokumba danga, zinalengedwa chipangizo chotero palibe anthu. Komabe, ngakhale imvi kutukula sitileka ndimalota za izo.

ozungulira jenereta

Izi ndi bwinobwino buku la zida. Pamene khazikitsa ndi yokoka malangizo a jenereta lapansi. Izi zimathandiza kuti akonze siteshoni, kukula kwa amene adzakhala wofanana ndi mapulaneti lapansi.

centrifuge

Today yokumba yokoka Padziko Lapansi opezeka mu zosiyanasiyana zipangizo. iwo n'zochokera, makamaka, pa inertia, popeza mphamvu ndi maganizo ife ofanana ndi zotsatira yokoka - thupi sasiyanitsa pakati pa chiyani chifukwa cha mathamangitsidwe wa. Mwachitsanzo: munthu wokwera ndichikepe, mavuto obwera chifukwa cha inertia. Sayansi: pamalo nyamuka zimawonjezera mathamangitsidwe ufulu kugwa mathamangitsidwe wa zashuga ndi. Pamene udzabwerera cockpit anayeza kayendedwe "phindu" kulemera Mwamsanga, kubwerera mphamvu mwachizolowezi.

Asayansi akhala chidwi yokoka yokumba. The centrifuge nthawi zambiri ntchito zolinga zimenezi. Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino osati kwa spacecraft, komanso za malo pansi omwe amafunika kuphunzira zotsatira yokoka pa thupi la munthu.

Onani dziko, ntchito ...

Ngakhale kuphunzira kukoka adayambira danga, ndi kwambiri padziko sayansi. Ngakhale lero zofunika m'munda umenewu akhala ntchito Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala. Sitikudziwa ngati n'zotheka kulenga yokoka yokumba pa dziko, mukhoza ntchito pofuna kuchiza mavuto ndi ayende maulendo kapena ya ubongo. Komanso, phunziro la mphamvu nawo malo oyamba padziko lapansi. Ichi chizathandiza chombo kuchita zinthu zatsopano nthawi imene cholinga cha madokotala. Chinthu china ndi yokoka yokumba mu mlengalenga, palibe anthu kuthandiza chombo mu yangozi.

Pokumbukira weightlessness wathunthu, sikutheka kuganizira kachipangizo mu Earth kanjira. zinthu izi, ngakhale Pamlingo yaing'ono, bwanji yokoka. Mphamvu yokoka, mu Zikatero, wotchedwa microgravity. Real yokoka pokhapokha anayesedwa makina, zouluka pa liwiro zonse mu mlengalenga. Komabe, thupi la munthu si amaona kusiyana.

Kuona weightlessness kungakhale yaitali motero kulumpha (pamaso pa denga adzatsegula) kapena pa kuchepa ndege parabolic. Zimene otere nthawi zambiri kuika mu US, koma ndege kumverera kumatenga masekondi 40 - ndi yaing'ono kwambiri kufufuza zonse.

Mu Soviet Union kumbuyo mu 1973 tingadziŵe n'zotheka kulenga yokoka yokumba. Osati analilenga, komanso mu njira ena anasintha. A chitsanzo chapadera cha yokumba kuchepetsa yokoka - youma akusunsa, kumiza. Kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira anakhumba chofunika kuika wandiweyani filimu pa pamwamba pa madzi. Man aikidwa pamwamba pa izo. Mu thupi la thupi kumizidwa m'madzi, kokha mutu amakhalabe pamwamba. chitsanzo ichi umaonetsa Yachilendo ndi kulemekeza otsika, ndilo khalidwe la nyanja.

Osada kupita mu mlengalenga kuona zotsatira za weightlessness mphamvu zosiyana - hypergravity. Pa zinthu zofunika ndi ikamatera spacecraft ndi, centrifuge zimamuchulukira akhoza osati kumva, komanso kufufuza.

chithandizo yokoka

sayansi maphunziro yokoka kuphatikizapo zotsatira za weightlessness pa thupi pofuna kuchepetsa zotsatira zake. Komabe, ambiri mwa zinthu za sayansi akhoza kukhala zothandiza ndiponso anthu wamba okhala padziko lapansi.

Great Kudikira madokotala funa kuphunzira khalidwe la michere minofu mu myopathy. Ndi matenda amene Umapha oyambirira.

Pamene ntchito yogwira thupi ndi mwazi wa munthu wathanzi amalandira wambirimbiri enzyme kreatinofosfokinazy. Chifukwa zodabwitsazi si bwino, n'zotheka, katundu amachita pa khungu nembanemba mwa njira yotero kuti "Leaky". Odwala myopathy kupeza zotsatira mutasiya katundu wolemera. Kuzipenya akatswiri akusonyeza kuti ziro yokoka yobereka yogwira enzyme mu magazi kwambiri yafupika. kafukufukuyu zikusonyeza kuti ntchito ya ubatizo adzakhala kuchepetsa kungasokoneze zinthu zikubweretsa myopathy. Panopa imachitika zatsopano nyama.

Chithandizo cha matenda ena lero imachitika ntchito zopezera kuphunzira deta yokoka, kuphatikizapo yokumba. Mwachitsanzo, Popanda kuchitapo kanthu oziziritsa ziwalo, sitiroko, masuti Parkinson kudzera mwa kugwiritsa ntchito katundu. Pafupifupi anamaliza kuphunzira Phindu thandizo - pneumatic nsapato.

Kuwuluka pa Mars?

patsogolo Recent chombo chiyembekezo chenicheni cha polojekiti. Iwo ali zambiri zachipatala thandizo munthu ndi kukhala nthawi yaitali kuchokera Dziko Lapansi. Anabweretsa madalitso ambiri ndi utumwi kafukufuku kwa Moon, mphamvu yokoka amene nthawi 6 ang'onoang'ono kuposa zathu. Tsopano chombo ndi asayansi anadziwotcha cholinga chatsopano - kuti Mars.

Musanayambe kudzuka, muyenera kudziwa chifukwa cha tikiti ya Red Planet, amafuna thupi pa gawo loyamba la ntchito - panjira. Pafupifupi njira yopita ku dziko chipululu adzatenga theka la chaka - 500 masiku. Dalirani pa msewu kokha mphamvu zawo, dikirani chabe thandizo kuchokera kulikonse.

Kugumula adzagwiritsa kukhala zifukwa zambiri: nkhawa, dzuwa, pakalibe maginito ilipodi. Mayeso ofunika kwambiri kwa chamoyo - kusintha yokoka. Oyendayenda anthu "timudziwe bwino" ndi milingo angapo yokoka. Kwenikweni izi zimamuchulukira zofunika. Ndiye - weightlessness pa ndege. Kenako -. Hypogravity kumene akupita, ndiye kuti mphamvu yokoka pa Mars osachepera 40% ya dziko lapansi ..

Kodi kupirira mavuto obwera chifukwa cha weightlessness mu ndege yaitali? Tikukhulupirira kuti chitukuko m'munda yokoka yokumba kudzakuthandizani kuthana nkhaniyi posachedwapa. Zatsopano makoswe, paulendo "Cosmos-936" akusonyeza kuti njira imeneyi si mavuto onse.

Experience Os zasonyeza kuti ndi zambiri zothandiza kwambiri kwa chamoyo akhoza kubweretsa ntchito simulators, kudziwa katundu chofunika aliyense wokayenda pamwezi munthu.

Ngakhale kuti ankakhulupirira kuti Mars kuwuluka ofufuza osati kokha, komanso kwa alendo amene akufuna kukhazikitsa njuchi pa Red Planet. Kwa iwo, osachepera nthawi yoyamba, kumva weightlessness zimatiyendera zifukwa madokotala za kuopsa yaitali mu zinthu izi. Komabe, patapita masabata ochepa ndi thandizo kwa iwo chifukwa chake ndi chofunika kuti athe kupeza njira kumanga pa m'mlengalenga yokumba yokoka.

zotsatira

Kodi Tinganenepo ponena za chilengedwe yokoka yokumba m'mlengalenga?

Pakati options ankaona panopa onsewo kapangidwe amayang'ana bwinobwino. Komabe, luntha panopa malamulo Sikutheka chifukwa chombo - uwu si yamphamvu dzenje. Mkati pali toyalana kulepheretsa kukhazikitsa maganizo.

Komanso, chombo utali wozungulira ayenera lalikulu mwakuti Coriolis zotsatira palibe zotsatira kwambiri.

Kusamalira chinachake monga choncho, izo zimatengera yamphamvu O'Neill tatchulazi, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti awongolere ngalawayo. Pankhaniyi, mwayi ndi kuonjezera ntchito eg amenewa mishoni interplanetary kuonetsetsa timu mlingo womasuka yokoka.

Pamaso pa anthu adzatha kumasulira maloto awo ku chenicheni, tifuna kuwona ntchito za zopeka pang'ono bwinobwino ndi zambiri za malamulo a sayansi.