Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya lysosomes

Mu pepala akufuna ife akamufunsirire inu kuganizira ntchito ya lysosomes, paudindo. Ena amaganiza ife kuonetsetsa enieni ndiponso kulemba za iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi choona kuti zonse imapangidwa ndi maselo. Izi mayunitsi structural ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti ife tikhoza kuwona iwo okha zasayansi mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zina zapadera. Tsopano tikulankhula za maso kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi chipangizo tikuuzidwa mu sekondale. Aphunzitsi kupereka ntchito choyezera ndi chida ichi kuphunzira flakes chipangizo anyezi kapena masamba a mitengo.

Lysosome - chigawo chimodzi mwa selo. About pa ndipo ife kulankhula. Tisanakambirane ntchito ya lysosomes, ife mwachidule pofotokoza kapangidwe ndi tanthauzo la organelle izi.

lysosomes

Takambirana kale adalionetsera oyamba amene zigawo zikuluzikulu maselo, ndipo lidatanthauzidwa ku chinenero Latin, ali ndi mwachilungamo bwino tanthauzo - za kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Lysosomes, anachita ntchito za imene tikambirane ina, zikuwoneka ngati organelles yaing'ono, amacheza ndi Kakhungu. M'mimbamo ladzala ndi lysosomes hydrolytic michere, izo zonse anakhalabe malo acidic. Kodi wina ndi khalidwe la ife ankaona organelles? Ilibe mawonekedwe amodzi nthawi zonse zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. makulidwe awo ang'ono kwambiri, monga mwa selo limodzi akhoza muli lysosomes mazana angapo. awiri awo pafupifupi wofanana 0.2 microns.

kusankhidwa

Musanayambe kuganizira mndandanda wa lysosomal ntchito, ife potanthauza mtengo pang'ono za organelles mchipindamo. Mfundo kwambiri intersect. Nkofunika amatchula kuti organelle izi kwina chomera maselo, koma anthu ndi bowa alipo. Iwo anapanga mu Golgi zovuta. Tanena kuti cavities awo ali ndi ochuluka zedi michere osiyana, chifukwa chimbudzi izi zimachitika mu maselo. Popeza organelles awa ndi kwina zomera, ena a iwo amatha kuchita ntchito ya vacuole lapansi.

Michere ali thovu awa akhoza kuswa pansi:

• mapuloteni;
• mafuta;
• chakudya;
• asidi mkati.

Wina ntchito lysosomes - kugawanika ili mbali payekha, kapena kwathunthu kudutsa selo. Chitsanzo chabwino apa ndi kusintha kwa chule namchidwe. Anataya mchira ndi mchikakamizo cha michere ya organelle izi.

ntchito

M'chigawo chino timapereka kusamukira ntchito ya lysosomes. zotsatirazi zingathe kudziŵika:

• kukhazikitsa chimbudzi mu maselo;
• autophagy;
• autolysis;
• kuvunda.

Kuti izo bwino, tiyeni tanthauzo la "autophagy" ndi "autolysis". Mbali yoyamba akunena za kuwonongedwa kwa maselo osafunika nyumba, ndipo chachiwiri - selo kudziletsa chimbudzi (ife anatchula izo kale mu chitsanzo cha namchidwe ndi chule). Mu ndime yomaliza tikutanthauza pa kuvunda kwa nyumba kunja.

selo chimbudzi

Pamene ife anayang'ana pa za lysosome ntchito mu khungu, izo zikutchulidwa za luso la organelle kugwira njira ya chimbudzi mchipindamo. Ife tisanafike pansi ndi kufotokoza mbali iyi, m'pofunika kuti anthu amvetse kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya lysosomes. akuti:

• chachikulu;
• sekondale.

lysosomes chachikulu ali amatchedwanso chokhala kapena M'sitolo pa mbewu. Ife pa nkhani imeneyi ndi chidwi kwambiri organelles sekondale. Popeza zimenezi zimaphatikizapo:

• m'mimba vacuole;
• autofagiruyuschuyu vacuole;
• yotsalira thupi.

The vacuoles m'mimba zimachitika chosinkhasinkha zinthu analandira ndi hydrolysis. Chimbudzi chikuchitika, amangoona kuti otsika kulemera zinthu maselo angathe kudutsa lysosomes Kakhungu. zinthu zimenezi ndi zofunika zolinga zofunika - kaphatikizidwe wa organelles zina kapena nyumba okhudza maselo ambiri.

autophagy

Nchito ankaona lysosomes mchipindamo muli chinthu chotchedwa "autophagy". Tikupereka tione mwachidule tanthauzo lake. Ife kale analankhula za zimene mawu kukutanthauza kuwonongedwa mbali unneeded selo. nchito imeneyi imagwiridwa ndi lysosomes yachiwiri, wotchedwa vacuoles autofagiruyuschimi. Ali yotsimikizika ndipo sadzatha mawonekedwe chowulungika ndi thupi aakulu. Lili:

• makombo a mitochondria;
• cytoplasmic maukonde;
• ribosomes ndi zina zotero.

Ndiko kuti, zotsalira za maselo ali m'bukuli. Iwo amenable kuti kudzitsitsa chifukwa cha ma enzyme. residuals amenewa kutha, ndi nawo njira zina zofunika.

vacuoles amenewa akupezeka lalikulu zedi kwambiri angapo milandu, kuphatikizapo:

• kudya;
• kuledzera;
• hypoxia;
• ukalamba ndi zina zotero.

autolysis

Choncho, kodi ntchito zimagwiridwa ndi lysosomes, ife kumvetsa. Tsopano timapereka mwatsatanetsatane imodzi zingapo - ndicho, autolysis. lysosome Kakhungu kungawonongedwe, pamene michere akumasulidwa osatinso kugwira ntchito zomwe mwake, chifukwa cytoplasm ali pH ndale ndi michere mu izo basi inactivated.

Pali nthawi zina pamene pali kusokonezeka kwa lysosomes, kudzetsa imfa ya foni lonse. autolysis magulu awiri akhoza kuwasiyanitsa:

• pathological (yowala ndipo ambiri chitsanzo ndi minofu chiwonongeko atafa);
• wabwinobwino.