Uilyam Batler Yeyts: yonena ndi ntchito

Uilyam Batler Yeyts amadziwika kuti waukulu Chingelezi ndakatulo ya XIX mochedwa - oyambirira XX zaka zambiri, anachita zambiri kusintha kalembedwe ndakatulo komanso Wolemba wina, wolemba nkhani wina ndi novelist. Mndandanda wa mabuku analimbikitsa ndi Hemingway yowerenga mokakamizidwa kuti olemba wamng'ono, wakhala ananenera, ndi "Autobiography" Yeats. ndakatulo wake tcheru lopambana omasulira. Osati monga wolemba ndakatulo, anadziwika Uilyam Batler Yeyts. ndakatulo wake Ndithu wapatali kwambiri Komabe, Uilyam Batler amatchedwanso Wolemba wina wamwamuna. Concept sewero Yeats anali ndi mphamvu pa TS Eliot, yodziwika ntchito kuloŵedwa wake monga "mbali ya mzimu uwu atumwi."

Origin, achinyamata ndi luso makamaka achinyamata

Tili ndi chidwi mu ndakatulo Chingelezi anabadwira ku likulu la Ireland, ku banja la mmisiri wotchuka, a sukulu Pre-Raphaelite (kumene, poyamba anali pafupi kwambiri ndi banja Kipling a). Iye sanapeze momwe iliyonse yabwino osaphunzira, koma ambiri ntchito paokha. chilakolako oyambirira mabuku.

Ndime yoyamba amalembedwa kwambiri mukopedwe Shelley ndi Spencer. Iye anayamba kulemba iwo mmbuyo mu 1882, ndi buku loyamba linali mu 1885. Kenako mu 1885, William anali nawo gulu la Dublin alchemical anthu akugwira ntchito zamatsenga. Chidwi iwo adzakhalabe moyo wolemba ndakatulo wa.

William inayamba kusindikizidwa mu zaka 20, ndipo patapita zaka 4 anafalitsa buku loyamba ndakatulo. Anabweretsa pa mfundo za Pre-Raphaelite mnyamata, iye anati, iye anali "nyani chidani" kwa rationalism ndi othandiza masiku ano. Iwo ankaganiza kuti ndakatulo anakantha chitayiko ichi, iye anathawira ophiphiritsa, kuona chifaniziro cha kukongola, anabisidwa kwa maganizo athu, sikutheka recreate ena moyembekezera kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro. Koma ngakhale ndiye Yeats nufuna kuti luso si zimakhudza mtima owerenga, komanso mphamvu ya makhalidwe abwino.

ntchito yophunzitsa

magulu ambiri anapereka ndakatulo pakufalitsa. Mu 1891 analinganiza mu London Irish zolembalemba Society, kenako Union National la Irish ku Dublin nawo mbali pa ntchito ya Society olemba ndakatulo, sichifukwa adalikusamalira Kukwezeleza Irish folklore. Imodzi mwa ntchito zake anali cholengedwa otchedwa sikoti chachigayeliki League - Union Public Cholinga kukhala Ireland dziko chikhalidwe, chitsitsimutso cha chinenero m'dzikoli komanso kusintha kwa mabuku, zochokera m'miyambo dziko.

anthu Irish ndi mbiri yovuta. "Green Island" anali litadzala ndi mafuko Acelt mu IV m'ma BC. Masiku ano, m'zaka za m'ma XII, Ireland wabwera pansi pa ulamuliro wa England. Only mu 1921 iye analandira udindo ulamuliro, mu 1949 - ufulu. Northern Ireland, ambiri amawatcha Ulster, anakhalabe ndi British. ulamuliro wachilendo nkhanza malamulo sanalole Irish ntchito m'chinenero chawo pansi ululu wa imfa. Pofika cha m'ma otsiriza, kulimbana chikhalidwe chawo ndi chinenero wakhala zovuta misa emigration; Tsopano Irish Lina moyo monga mmene ku Ireland. chiwerengero cha anthu ogwiritsira ntchito chinenero unayamba kuchepa mphamvu. Ngakhale tsopano, pamene zinthu uphungu wa ku Ireland anati zosakwana kotala kwa nzika zonse.

"The Irish zolembalemba chitsitsimutso"

polimbana ndi kuchepa kwa chikhalidwe ndi chipani anapereka palokha ntchito, "ndi Irish zolembalemba chitsitsimutso", imene inali ya League sikoti chachigayeliki ndi chiyambi cha zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kutulutsidwa mu 1893 ndakatulo deta, lomwe linalembedwa ndi Uilyam Yeyts ( "Acelt Kusanache"). gululi sanatenge kuti mavuto cholinga uzkoyazykovym, ndipo ambiri a iwo, kuphatikizapo William, m'Chichewa. "Sikoti chachigayeliki - mtundu wanga, koma si chinenero," - anati Uilyam Batler Yeyts. Zonenedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kulimbikitsa gulu limeneli. Vuto "ya Irish chitsitsimutso zolembalemba" anali ndi mtima wofuna - kukamuukitsa mzimu dziko, kusunga miyambo wowerengeka, kuteteza ufulu wa chikhalidwe dziko.

Creation wa Irish zolembalemba Theater

Monga mbali ya lamulo Uilyam Batler Yeyts iye anakhazikitsidwa mu 1899. The Irish zolembalemba Bwalo la Dublin ndipo anali wotsogolera ake pafupifupi imfa zaka pafupifupi 40. Pa repertoire amalowa wake, ankagwira yekha, kunena makamaka nkhani ya epic dziko ndi mbiri mbadwa. Apa, Yates anali Albucasis lalikulu. Iye anatha kulenga lingaliro lenileni "zisudzo ndakatulo", ndi otsutsana ya ulamuliro wa naturalism.

Personal moyo ndi ndakatulo za chikondi

Ndakatulo, omwe anakhala ntchito yaikulu ya Yeats, alinso zonse funsoli. ntchito zake zoyambirira akulimba nthano ndi chakudya cha ganizo la "kukongola wosatha". Zenizeni nkomwe anakopeka ndakatulo. mtundu wa mtundu movutika mu ndakatulo ya Yeats anabweretsa chikondi. Ndili ndi zaka 24, anakumana ndi kukongola wamng'ono Maud Goni, zisudzo ndi chosintha, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri anali malingaliro ake mokhudza kuti ndikhalebe chonse. zaka 52 zokha, chifukwa nthawi chachinayi analandira kuchokera Maud kulephera kulumikiza miyoyo yawo, anayambitsa banja Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Iye akufuna chofunda lakumwamba ..." - ndi dzina la mmodzi wa ndakatulo zake zokhudza chikondi nyimbo. Mwa njira, mizere ya mkokomo wake pa chiyambi cha kanema "mgwirizano". Ambiri sakudziwa kuti wolemba awo - Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Koma ine, umphawi, ndi maloto anga okha," - limati ngwazi m'nyimbo ya ndakatuloyi, kulirira chakuti izo sizingakhoze anayala pa mapazi a wokondedwa "silika wakumwamba."

Wongodzinenera ndi ndakatulo woganizirana

M'kupita kwa nthawi, ntchito za Yeats limasonyeza wovulala. "Wamuyaya Ulemu", ndakatulo za chikondi - zonse izi pang'onopang'ono anazimiririka. Kuyambira ndi "udindo" m'chigawo (1914), Uilyam Batler ambiri akukopeka wongodzinenera ndi ndakatulo boma. magulu ndakatulo amapereka yomangika m'mlengalenga chikhalidwe. Masiku adabvutika Catholic Ireland kopilos kusakhutira ndi ulamuliro wa Protestant England. Kuti athetse vutoli Dublin chiwembu mu 1916. Ireland ananena pakokha Republic, koma zigawenga unatenga masiku asanu okha. Uilyam Batler Yeyts Inali pa nthawi iyi mu London, ndiponso zimene zinali anadabwa wathunthu kwa iye, koma iwo anasiya umboni kwambiri maganizo ake.

Iwo anatenga tifunikira kupendanso mozunzika zakale. M'malo wosakaniza ndi zongoganiza nthano Yeats ntchito zikuphatikizapo mbiri ya dziko ndi ngwazi wake weniweni. Chenicheni wamagazi a kugalukira, umene unapha anthu 450, imfa ya atsogoleri awo achititsa ndakatulo kuti achotse chapamwamba apamwamba, maonekedwe atsopano pa anthu.

Komvetsa chisoni kamvekedwe ndakatulo

Moyo sanapereke thandizo olimba kufunafuna. The zotsatira zigawenga nkhondo ndi ankhondowo British linachititsa Yates owawa kukhumudwa. Anali asiye kuopa unyolo zimene udani ndi chiwawa. Komvetsa chisoni kamvekedwe khalidwe la ambiri ndakatulo nthawi imeneyi. Komabe, tinakumana mu mawu a Yeats ndi makodi mokondwera. Mwachitsanzo - ndakatulo "The Fiddler wa Dunii".

ndakatulo yonena

Yeats ndakatulo anasangalala kuzindikira lonse. Zikuoneka Sikuti kuyang'ana okokomeza mu dongosolo la Swedish Academy, amene ananena kuti ntchito yake "amapereka mawu kuti akamanena wauzimu wa fuko lonse." Ulamuliro wa ndakatulo yake inali yaikulu. Kuyambira mu 1922 mpaka 1928, Yates - membala wa Irish Senate, mmodzi wa senators atatu kulangiza boma pa nkhani ya maphunziro, mabuku ndi luso. Mawu ake anakambirana chinathandiza kuteteza zipilala ambiri mitundu. Komabe, ambiri a analimbana ndi kulowerera pa mfundo sanapereke zotsatira, ndipo iye anakana mutu aulemu.

kulankhula Senate

Yeats Senate kulankhula kupereka umboni wa ziyenera zokhudza ntchito ya chikhalidwe anthu. Mu umodzi anawauza kuti analibe chiyembekezo kuwona United Ireland, onani inalowa la Ulster; koma akukhulupirira kuti pamapeto zidzachitikadi, osati chifukwa Irish asamenyana, koma chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu zabwino mu dziko lawo. Uilyam Batler Yeyts ananena kuti izi zikhoza kutheka ndi kupanga chikhalidwe akuimira dziko langa, umene kukopa ndingaliro ya achinyamata.

Khumi zapitazo wa moyo ndi ntchito

M'zaka khumi zapitazo wa moyo wake, izo zinkawoneka, inayenda mwakachetechete. Wamkulu wa makhalidwe abwino ndi zinthu thandizo anali Nobel Prize, amene analandira mu 1923. Ndakatulo kachiwiri wodzala mphamvu zauzimu ndi zakuthupi za m'badwo akuyandikira zaka amalankhula ndi nthabwala chete. Koma ichi ndi kunja bata, moyo wauzimu wa ndakatulo akadali wamavuto okhaokha. Mu zaka kuchepekela onse akulemekezedwa wolemba, kuyang'ana zakale, akuganiza zam'tsogolo, dzifunseni wina kusokoneza ena. Mu ntchito yake pali ulusi atsopano aswa maganizo atsopano kusintha njira ndakatulo. Choncho kodi nthawi zonse refutes yokha. Search Momwe sasiya mpaka kumapeto.

Tiyeneranso kudziŵika kuti mavesi zokhudza nthawi mochedwa ntchito yake ndi chikhalidwe osati ntchito kale. Makamaka, iwo amatchedwa ana William Yeats akupereka mawunikidwe za ukalamba wake.

Zaka khumi ndi zisanu zomalizira za moyo wake Yeats anamuzindikira monga dziko Irish ndakatulo. Iye ankakonda kudwala, koma anapitiriza kuchita. M'zaka khumi zapitazo moyo wake walenga ntchito amalembedwa luso modabwitsa kumulakalaka kwambiri ndi kuganiza. Pakati pawo Tiyenera kutchura zopereka monga "The Tower" (1928) ndi "mwauzimu Masitepe oyendamo", unakhazikitsidwa mu 1933.

Wolemba ndakatulo anafa pa French Riviera, m'tauni ya kapu-Martin, 28 January 1939. Imfa inabwera atadwala wina. Malinga ndi chifuniro cha Yeats, yomwe inaikidwa mu chifuniro chake ndakatulo, mu 1948, mtembo wake anali reburied ku Ireland.

Mkanganowu pa munthu ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi

kusintha mwadzidzidzi ndi khalidwe la Yeats, chithunzicho mu ntchito pafupifupi 60 chaka. Iye zambiri anakana kuti apite patsogolo kusintha, ndipo zosiyanasiyana ntchito yake. Mfundo za moyo ndi zolembalemba yonena za Yeats kwambiri zotsutsana. moyo wake onse anali ndi chidwi mu ziphunzitso wachinsinsi. Izi zinaonetsera ntchito yake. Makamaka, zamizimu chidwi Uilyam Yeyts. "Masomphenya" - linasindikizidwa mu 1925. Bukuli, limene akutanthauzira maganizo ndi mbiri yakale mphindi ku nsonga ya zongoganiza. Pa nthawi ina, Uilyam Batler ngakhale adakhulupirira wosazindikira lopondereza demagogy.

Chotero, chiweruzo cha anthu otsutsa udindo wake nthanthi zambiri matanthauzo kukusalani wina ndi mnzake: Yeats akuimira chosintha, ndi reactionary, ndi traditionalist, ndi modernist. Zilango imayendetsedwa ndi maumboni nkhani, mawu, mizere ndakatulo. Mkanganowu pa munthu ndi ntchito ya William Butler Yeats anakhala mwambo. Chinthu chimodzi ndi bwino - anali munthu nthawi zonse amayesetsa kwa mabungwe watsopano. Ndipo ndi chuma ichi anamuuza kuti akonze njira yatsopano ndi ochititsa ndakatulo, amene anakhala mbali ya chikhalidwe cha masiku ano.