Atomiki mpweya: zothandiza katundu. Kodi atomiki mpweya?

Tangoganizani chithunzi wapatali kuti anali chodetsedwa ndi moto choopsa. Wokongola mitundu umafunika ntchito zosiyanasiyana mitundu, zinafa pansi zigawo za wakuda mwaye. Zingaoneke, irretrievably anataya mwaluso.

matsenga sayansi

Koma musataye mtima. Painting aikidwa mu chipinda zingalowe m'malo mwa zomwe mankhwala amalenga mphamvu yosaoneka, wotchedwa atomiki oxygen. Patangopita maola ochepa kapena masiku, pang'ono ndi pang'ono kukathira nkhondo masamba ndi mitundu kuyamba kuonekera kachiwiri. Ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza atsopano a mandala varnish, kupenta anabwerera ku ulemerero wake wakale.

Zingaoneke kuti ndi matsenga, koma ndi sayansi. The njira, anayamba asayansi pa malo kafukufuku Glennovskom (GIZ) NASA amagwiritsa atomiki mpweya kusamala ndi kukonzanso ntchito za luso, amene sakanavomereza kuti sathanso kuonongeka. thunthu komweko akhoza kwathunthu samatenthetsa amadzala opaleshoni anaikira thupi la munthu, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutupa. Kwa odwala ndi shuga, zikhoza kusintha shuga polojekiti chipangizo, amene yekha gawo la magazi chofunika kukayezetsa kale chofunika odwala angathe kulamulira chikhalidwe chawo. mankhwala akhoza textured polima nyemba kwa guluu wolimba bwino maselo a mafupa, amene atsegula njira zatsopano mankhwala.

Ndipo ndi chinthu champhamvu akhoza zopezera mwachindunji mpweya.

Atomiki ndi mpweya maselo

Mpweya alipo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. The mpweya umene timapuma otchedwa O _2, ndiko kuti, imakhala maatomu awiri. Pali atomiki mpweya, chilinganizo chimene - O (atomu). Mawonekedwe chachitatu cha mchitidwe mankhwala - O _3. Mpweya umene ichi, chimene Mwachitsanzo, zopezeka mu m'mlengalenga chapamwamba.

Atomiki mpweya zinthu zachilengedwe pa dziko lapansili kwa nthawi yaitali kulibe. Ilinso ndi reactivity kwambiri mkulu. Mwachitsanzo, atomiki mpweya madzi ndipamene hydrogen peroxide. Koma mu malo, kumene wambirimbiri cheza ultraviolet, ndi O ₂ molekyulu ndi mosavuta wosweka kupanga mawonekedwe a atomiki. The m'banja otsika Earth kanjira pa 96% tichipeza mpweya atomiki. Kumayambiriro kwa danga yoyenda ntchito ndi NASA kukhalapo kwake amachititsa mavuto.

Kuvulaza wabwino

Malinga Bruce Banks, sayansi mkulu "Alfaporta" chinkhoswe mu kafukufuku wa chilengedwe malo pa nthambi Glennovskogo pakati, itatha yoyamba ndege angapo a zipangizo danga yoyenda ya zomangamanga ake zinkaoneka ngati iwo anamizidwa ndi chisanu (iwo anali pansi kukokoloka kwambiri ndi texturing). Atomiki mpweya amachitira ndi zipangizo organic cladding spacecraft pang'onopang'ono kuwononga iwo.

GIZ kufufuza zimayambitsa kuwonongeka. Chifukwa, ofufuza osati anakhazikitsa njira kuteteza spacecraft kwa mpweya atomiki, anapeza njira ntchito lingathe kuwononga mphamvu elementi mankhwala kwa kutukula moyo padziko lapansi.

Kukokoloka danga

Pamene spacecraft m'dziko lapansi kanjira otsika (omwe amalembedwa ndi kumene magalimoto zinakhazikitsa zochokera ISS), atomiki mpweya anapangidwa kuchokera m'mlengalenga yotsalira, akhoza kutani ndi padziko spacecraft ndi, umene iwo kukhala zowonongeka. Kupolisiko chitukuko, kachitidwe mphamvu akhala nkhawa kuti dzuwa batire zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ma polima kukumana kudzitsitsa mofulumira chifukwa kanthu ya oxidizer yogwira.

galasi kusintha

NASA wapeza njira. A gulu la asayansi ku Glennovskogo Center Research zachitika ❖ kuyanika woonda-filimu kwa mapanelo dzuwa kuti anali Anachita zochita za mchitidwe wankhanza. Silika kapena galasi, kale oxidized, choncho sangathe kuonongeka ndi mpweya atomiki. Ofufuza analenga ❖ kuyanika wa galasi mandala silika, ndi wochepa thupi kuti anali ololera. wosanjikiza Izi zoteteza litakhazi- Pamilunguyo ndi gulu utomoni ndi kuteteza ku kukokoloka, popanda impairing aliyense wa katundu matenthedwe. Kuphunzira akadali bwinobwino amateteza mapanelo dzuwa wa bungwe la International Space Station, ndi wakhalanso Pofuna kuteteza siteshoni photovoltaic "Mir".

Malinga ndi Banks, mapanelo dzuwa bwinobwino anadutsa zaka zoposa khumi anakhala mu mlengalenga.

Zitheke mphamvu ya

Nditakhala mazana mayesero amene anali gawo la chitukuko cha zokutira kugonjetsedwa ndi mpweya atomiki, gulu la asayansi ku Research Center Glennovskogo aphunzire wozindikira mmene mankhwala a. Akatswiri anaona kuti n'zotheka ntchito zinthu zina zachiwawa.

Malinga ndi Banks, gulu anadziŵa kusintha kapangidwe padziko kukokoloka zipangizo organic. Katundu wa mpweya atomiki amenewa kuti akhoza kuchotsa organics aliyense, hydrocarbon, amene si chabe anatani mankhwala ochiritsira.

Akatswiri apeza njira zambiri ntchito. Iwo anaona kuti mpweya atomiki akutembenukira pamwamba silikoni pa kalilole, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza ngati munakonza zigawo ndi chisindikizo hermetic popanda kumamatira kwa wina ndi mzake. ndondomeko lakonzedwa kuti anatsekera la International Space Station. Komanso, asayansi apeza kuti mpweya atomiki akhoza akonzedwe ndi kukhalabe ntchito kuonongeka luso, kusintha zipangizo za ntchito yomanga ndege, komanso zopindulitsa anthu monga angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana ntchito Biomedical.

Makamera ndi chipangizo kunyamula

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana za chikoka cha mpweya atomiki padziko. The zambiri ntchito zingalowe zipinda. kukula zimasiyanasiyana mabokosi nsapato isanafike unsembe 1.2 × 1.8 × 0,9 m. Pogwiritsa ntchito mayikirowevu kapena pafupipafupi wailesi cheza ₂ O mamolekyulu yaphwasuka boma la mpweya atomiki. Chipinda anaikidwa chitsanzo cha polima kukokoloka mlingo zimene zikusonyeza ndende ya mankhwala yogwira mkati wagawo ndi.

njira ina kutsatira zinthu ndi chipangizo kunyamula kuti amalola kulongosola mtsinje yopapatiza ya oxidant kuti chandamale yeniyeni. Angalenge otaya batire ngati angathe likufotokoza lalikulu la padziko ankachitira.

Monga mudziwe zambiri ambiri a mafakitale ndi chidwi ntchito mpweya atomiki. NASA bungwe zosiyanasiyana zibwenzi, kugwilira limodzi makampani ndi bulanchi, amene nthawi zambiri akhala bwino m'madera osiyanasiyana malonda.

Atomiki mpweya kwa thupi

ofunsira Research wa zinthu mankhwala si mlengalenga. Atomiki mpweya, katundu zothandiza amadziŵika, koma iwo ali kwambiri kufukulidwa, anapeza ntchito zambiri zachipatala.

Izo ntchito texturing pamwamba pa ma polima ndi kuwapanga iwo akhoza kukula pamodzi ndi mafupa. The ma polima zambiri amawateteza maselo fupa koma mankhwala yogwira chinthu amapanga kapangidwe apambane guluu wolimba kwambiri. Zimenezi zimabweretsa phindu lina, zomwe zimabweretsa mpweya atomiki - mankhwala a matenda a dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa.

oxidizer Izi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zoipa zonse pa biologically yogwira amadzala opaleshoni. Ngakhale ndi mchitidwe panopa sterilizing padziko amadzala kungakhale kovuta kuchotsa kuda maselo bakiteriya, wotchedwa endotoxins. zinthu zimenezi organic, koma osati moyo, momwemonso njira yolera yotseketsa sangathe kuchotsa iwo. Endotoxins zingachititse kutukusira kwa positi-implantation, lomwe ndi chochititsa chachikulu cha zowawa ndi kuthekera mavuto odwala ndi kukhazikika analili.

Atomiki mpweya, zothandiza katundu amene amapanga zotheka kuti ayeretse prosthesis ndi kuchotsa kuda zipangizo organic, kwambiri kuchepetsa chiopsezo pambuyo ntchito kutupa. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kusintha zotsatira za ntchito ndi kuchepetsa ululu odwala.

Mpumulo odwala matenda ashuga

luso amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu masensa shuga ndi zina mankhwala ndi kwachilengedwenso oyang'anira. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito akiliriki ulusi kuwala, textured atomiki oxygen. chithandizo Zimenezi zimathandiza ulusi zosefera kunja maselo ofiira, walola seramu kukhudzana aluso ndi chigawo mankhwala cholinga polojekiti.

Malinga Miller, Sharon, katswiri magetsi ku Dipatimenti ya chilengedwe danga ndi zatsopano Glennovskogo NASA pakati kafukufuku, zimapangitsa mayeso zolondola, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo kuyeza magazi shuga mayeso chofunika buku laling'ono kwambiri magazi. Mukhoza kuwombera pafupifupi kulikonse pa thupi ndi kupeza okwanira kuchuluka kwa magazi kudziwa mlingo wa shuga.

njira kupeza atomiki mpweya - hydrogen peroxide. Ndi oxidizer wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa maselo. Ichi ndi chifukwa omasuka ndi amene linawola peroxide. Atomiki mpweya popangidwa ndi ichi, umagwira ntchito zambiri amphamvu kwambiri maselo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa ndi zothandiza ntchito ya hydrogen peroxide: kuwonongedwa kwa maselo a nsalu ndi tizilombo.

kubwezeretsa

Pamene ntchito yaluso pa chiopsezo kuwonongeka chosachiritsika kuchotsa Mankhwala oipitsa organic atomiki mpweya zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe kusiya zinthu chitsanzo wawo. Dongosololi amachotsa zinthu zonse organic monga mpweya kapena mwaye, koma zambiri alibe mphamvu pa utoto. Inki zambiri chiyambi zochita kupanga ndi kale oxidized, ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti iwo sadzakhala kuwononga mpweya. utoto Organic amathanso kusungidwa mu mosamala achiyesa padzuwa nthawi. nsaluyo ndi otetezeka kwathunthu, chifukwa atomiki oxygen anakumana yekha ndi padziko pachithunzipa.

ntchito luso anayikidwa mu chipinda zingalowe imene oxidant ndi aumbike. Malinga mlingo wa kuwonongeka kwa chithunzi akhoza kukhala pamenepo kwa maola 20 400. Chithandizo chapadera cha m'dera zowonongeka akufunika kubwezeretsedwa, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mtsinje wa mpweya atomiki. Izi kumatha kufunika kuika zithunzi mu chipinda kuyamwa.

Mwaye ndi atadzipaka mmilomo - palibe vuto

Osungirako zinthu zakale, tambirimbiri ndipo mipingo anayamba kulankhula ndi GIZ, kupulumutsa ndi kubwezeretsa ntchito za luso. Research Center waonetsa mphamvu kubwezeretsa kupenta kuonongeka kwa Jackson Pollock, kuchotsa atadzipaka mmilomo ndi zojambula Endi Uorhola ndi kusunga kuonongeka ndi utsi chinsalu mpingo wa St. Stanislaus ku Cleveland. Team Glennovskogo Research Center ntchito mpweya atomiki kubwezeretsa mpukutu wa imatengedwa anataya - zaka zakubadwa buku ku Italy Raphael a "Madonna wa mpando" Kukhala mbali St. Alban ndi Episcopal Church ku Cleveland ..

Malinga ndi Banks, izi amafotokozera mankhwala othandiza kwambiri. Zaluso kubwezeretsa izo ntchito zabwino. Komabe, si chinachake chimene inu mukhoza kugula botolo, koma zambiri aluso.

Studies tsogolo

NASA pa reimbursable maziko ntchito ndi osiyanasiyana amene akukhudzidwa mu mpweya atomiki. Glennovsky Research Center akutumikira anthu amene wapatali zosemasema wakhala anakhudzidwa ndi moto kunyumba, komanso mabungwe, nafuna kuthekera ntchito mfundoyi ntchito Biomedical monga LightPointe Medical wa Edeni tchire, Minnesota. kampani yapeza ntchito zambiri mpweya atomiki ndi adzapeza kwambiri.

Malinga ndi Banks, panali madera ambiri unexplored. Iwo anapeza ambiri ofunsira luso malo koma mwina ambiri ali obisalamo kunja umisiri danga.

Space mu utumiki wa munthu

A gulu la asayansi ikufuna kupitiriza kufufuza njira za ntchito mpweya atomiki, komanso kale anapeza zingamuthandize. umisiri ambiri akhala okhala ndi GIZ timu chiyembekeza kuti kampani adzakhala chilolezo zopindulitsa ena a iwo, kuti adzabweretsa phindu kwambiri kwa anthu.

Akamaziwononga, mpweya atomiki zikhoza kuwonongeka. Zikomo ofufuza NASA, mankhwala tsopano zopeleka zabwino kufufuza malo , ndi moyo padziko lapansi. Kaya ndi kuteteza ntchito yaulere ya luso la anthu thanzi, atomiki mpweya ndi chida champhamvu. Dito mphoto makumi khumi, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala pomwepo kuwoneka.