Kumwazikana machitidwe: makhalidwe onse ndi gulu

Colloidal umagwirira - sayansi kuti amaphunzira njira yokonza, zikuchokera, kapangidwe mkati, mankhwala ndi thupi katundu wa kachitidwe kumwazikana. Kumwazikana KA - ndi machitidwe amene wapangidwa particles wosweka (discontinuous gawo) anamwazikana yozungulira (omwazika) sing'anga: mipweya, zakumwa kapena zolimba. The tinthu kukula kwa gawo kupezeka (timibulu, m'malovu, thovu) amasiyana mlingo wa kupezeka, kukula kwa amene ali mwachindunji njila kwa tinthu kukula. Komanso, omwazika particles ndipo kusiyana ndi makhalidwe ena, kawirikawiri loitanirana wa gawo omwazika ndi sing'anga.

Kumwazikana machitidwe ndi gulu lawo

Onse dongosolo kupezeka kwa wobalalikawo gawo tinthu kukula akhoza wachinsinsi mu ion maselo (nm n'komwe), colloid (kwa wina ndi nanometers zana), coarse (oposa zana nanometers).

Maselo kupezeka kachitidwe. machitidwe amenewa ali particles amene kukula ndi zosakwana nm wina. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana woona wa sanali electrolytes: shuga, urea, mowa, sucrose.

Machitidwe inaimitsidwa yodziwika ndi particles waukulu. Zikuphatikizapo emulsions ndipo suspensions. Kumwazikana machitidwe amene losangalala ndi isanafalikire mu sing'anga madzi kupezeka (wowuma njira, dongo) amatchedwa suspensions. Emulsions - ndi machitidwe amene anawakonzera kusakaniza zakumwa ziwiri, momwe munthu mu mawonekedwe a m'malovu omwazika mu zina (mafuta, toluene, benzene kapena madzi m'malovu triacylglycerols (mafuta) mu mkaka.

Colloidal dispersions. Iwo colloidal tinthu miyeso kufika mpaka 100 nm. particles zimenezo zingafike mkatikati mwa pores wa fyuluta pepala, koma mkatikati mwa pores wa zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamoyo nyama ndi zomera. Popeza particles colloid (micelles) ndi electrocharge ndi zosungunulira amaayoni Kakhungu, amene iwo inaimitsidwa, iwo nthawi mokwanira yaitali sangathe precipitate. A chitsanzo chapadera cha machitidwe colloidal ndi njira ya gelatin, albumin, chingamu Chiarabu colloidal njira za golide ndi siliva.

Mlingo wa kupezeka amalola kusiyanitsa machitidwe homogeneous ndi sakanikira kumwazikana. M'magulu homogeneous kumwazikana gawo particles milled kuti zamoyo, maatomu ndi ayoni. Zitsanzo za dongosolo ngati kupezeka kungakhale yankho la shuga mu madzi (maselo omwazika dongosolo) ndi kuphika mchere mu madzi (ion omwazika dongosolo). Iwo njira woona. Kukula kwa maselo a gawo omwazika ndi zosakwana nanometer wina.

Dispersions ndi njira

A machitidwe onse ndi njira mu zinthu zofunika kwambiri moyo ndi colloidal kumwazikana kachitidwe. Monga amadziwika, mankhwala maziko kuli zamoyo ndi kagayidwe mapulotini mu izo. Ndende avareji zimapanga thupi 18 mpaka 21%. mapulotini ambiri kusungunuka m'madzi (ndende imene anthu ndi nyama ndi pafupifupi 65%) ndi kupanga njira colloidal.

Pali magulu awiri a njira colloidal: madzi (Sol) ndi gel osakaniza (angakhale angelo). njira zonse zofunika kunachitika zamoyo, amagwirizana ndi vuto colloidal. Mu chamoyo biopolymers maselo (zidulo mkati, mapuloteni, gikozaminoglikany, glycogen) ali mu mawonekedwe a machitidwe osiyanasiyana.

njira colloidal zili ponseponse ndipo zochita kupanga chilengedwe. njira zimenezo zimaphatikizapo mafuta, nsalu, mapulasitiki, ulusi kupanga. A kuchuluka kwa mankhwala chakudya akhoza zimachitika njira zothanirana colloidal: kefir, mkaka, etc. mankhwala ambiri (seramu, antigens, katemera) ndi colloidal njira. Kuti monga njira colloidal ndi utoto.