Boma la nkhani

Ulili mankhwala ali ndi makhalidwe khalidwe. Kutheka kapena kusowa Mwina mawonekedwe ndi buku, kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa yochepa zosiyanasiyana ndipo kuti losatha, etc. -. ". Boma la loitanirana" A

Pamene kusintha akalumikidzidwa akaphatikiza akhoza kusintha lakuthwa mu osalimba, mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito, free mphamvu ndi zina thupi.

Zinthu pakhale limati zitatu: gaseous, olimba ndi madzi. Koma si aliyense zikhoza kusinthidwa kuti aliyense wa iwo. Kwa ena khalidwe la boma thupi limodzi kapena awiri okha.

Mawonekedwe gaseous wa nkhani yodziwika ndi mwachisawawa kapena osalumikidwa ndi thandizo a magulu a particles mogwirizana, mphamvu kayendedwe wa zoyenda amene ali kangapo kwambiri kuposa mphamvu angathe mogwirizana awo. Chifukwa cha ufulu kuyenda particles ndi kwathunthu wodzazidwa chidebe, imene ili, kukhala mawonekedwe ake.

mankhwala A mu madzi mawonekedwe ali particles mafoni kwambiri, pakati zomwe intervals yaing'ono. kachulukidwe ake ndi wamkulu kuposa kachulukidwe m'chigawo gaseous. Yodziwika ndi otaya madzimadzi.

Pakuti zolimba lililonse kupanga bata ndi zina matenthedwe kayendedwe ka maatomu chifukwa oscillation awo. Poyerekeza ndi mipata pakati pa maatomu a kusinthasintha matalikidwe zonyozeka. Mwachitsanzo, boma la loitanirana ya chitsulo - zovuta. Iwo ali nawo mawonekedwe khola. Lotayirira, koma zolimba ali komanso a gulu. Anthu ena sadziwa boma zimene a loitanirana a shuga kapena mchere. Yankho: "Olimba".

limati More akutali monga polymorphisms (polymorphs oposa awiri) ndi madzi a m'magazi (mokwanira kapena pang'ono ionized mpweya).

Onse zinthu zophweka kapena mankhwala yodziwika ndi mtundu umodzi ndi madzi amodzi - mpweya (kupatula timibulu madzi).

Koma boma olimba chinthu chomwecho mwina zosintha ziwiri kapena zambiri zomwe amasiyana katundu ndi dongosolo mkati. Kupezeka kwa mitundu angapo olimba boma la pawiri makamaka kapena zophweka zinthu anapeza dzina "polymorphism."

Kulimbikira wachibale wa zosintha zina kapena mbali kusonkhezera momwe zachilengedwe ziriri: kutentha ndi anzawo. boma thupi ndi maonekedwe polymorphic ndi zinthu zimadalira ntchito yawo.

The ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa madzi ku mawonekedwe gaseous otchedwa m'badwo nthunzi. Ngati evaporation limachitika padziko madzi - iyi akutchedwa evaporation. Akatembenuka zinthu boma gaseous ku madzi wotchedwa liquefaction.

Sublimation (sublimation) ndi kusinthika kuchokera olimba kuti boma gaseous, ndi ndondomeko n'zosiyana amatchedwa "desublimation". Sublimation Taganizirani chitsanzo cha yozizira koopsa panes galasi mu chipinda, kugwa pa chisanu pansi ndi zochitika zina zachilengedwe.

The ndondomeko ya kusintha madzi kukhala gaseous mawonekedwe (liquefaction) kapena olimba (desublimation) limanenedwa ngati lingaliro limodzi - nthunzi condensation. Pachifukwa ichi, chikhalidwe ndi Zachepetsedwa.

The kusintha kwa madzi mawonekedwe amatchedwa maphatikizidwe olimba, ndi kusintha n'zosiyana - kuumitsa ndi mchikakamizo cha otsika kutentha - kuzizira. Kukhazikitsa kutembenuka kusinthidwa olimba mtundu wina wotchedwa "polymorphic kusinthika" (kusintha).

Ngakhale mmene boma la nkhani kapena kutembenuka kwa polymorphic anachita, kutentha kusanduka kapena odzipereka. Izi zimachitika Mwachitsanzo, sublimation, vaporization, kusungunuka, evaporation, etc.

Ndi kutentha odzipereka kapena kumasulidwa, n'zotheka mumakumbukira nthawi za mtendere wa mawonekedwe polymorphic kapena boma thupi la nkhaniyo zinthu zina kutentha. Mitundu imene kusintha pa limodzi ndi mayamwidwe kutentha, ali wolimba pa kutentha. A kutentha otsika, ndi yabwino kwambiri imene kusintha limodzi ndi zamoyo wa kutentha. Evaporation ndi kusungunuka chikuchitika limodzi ndi mayamwidwe kutentha, umene olimba zambiri wolimba pansi mkulu kutentha boma madzi. Ndipo sing'anga wa chizindikiro apamwamba kutentha mawonekedwe gaseous ndi wolimba kuposa madzi.