Tsankho - chuma cha dongosolo atsamunda

atsankho ali ndi chimene chachititsa lingaliro ili? Aliyense ofotokozera dictionary angakuuzeni kuti atsankho - m'lingaliro lenileni la "kulekana", mawu akulimba chinenero cha Boer atsamunda mu Africa - Afrikaans. Kumeneko, mu South Africa, muyenera kufufuza mayankho a mafunso onse.

Maziko a boma

Kupondereza wakuda anthu a m'dziko lonse la Africa unayamba kale
kuyambira ku Ulaya loyamba. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo atsamunda, ndicho ku XVI chiyambi cha XX atumwi, kuponderezana zochitika chapeza lonse zoopsa. Anafika sikunachitekepo kufanana kapolo malonda zinachitika resettlement wa anthu lonse m'maiko ena monga atumiki kwa eni latsopano. makamu White ndipo anakakhala ku Africa yokha. Makamaka amakopeka ndi wolemera mu diamondi ndi zina mchere chibadwidwe South Africa. Mkati angapo zaka pano tinakhazikika ku Ulaya, makamaka ku Germany, Belgians ndi Dutch, kenako bungwe wowerengeka m'dera - borax (anawamasulira ku Flemish - wamba). Mu XX m'ma pa dera la kuyesera kuti mutengeko ufulu wawo Ufumu wa Britain. Pomaliza, Union South African analengedwa monga ulamuliro British mu 1910. Mu zoyambirira za XX atumwi. ngakhale mu US, kumene kunali ana ambiri a akapolo wakuda, ngakhale analengeza za Universal Declaration of Human Rights, panali mavuto aakulu ndi kufanana weniweni wa anthu akuda amene ali oponderezedwa paliponse. Mu South Africa, mwambo umenewu ndi enshrined pa mlingo malamulo, yokhala kulengeza kuti "woyera" ndi "wakuda" sali ofanana. Choncho, atsankho - chifukwa cha zaka za chitukuko ya Republic South Africa.

zaka atsankho

mfundo izi mwalamulo imachitika pa mlingo boma kuyambira 1948 (ndipo ndithudi kale) mpaka 1994. Kwenikweni izo inkakhala izi kamba izi:

• "Black" anthu akhala akumanidwa ufulu zandale (kuvota ndi kusankhidwa).
• Atsankho boma linaletsa mabanja losanganikirana.
• Black Bantu analamuliridwa kuti azikhala mu malo apadera. Kusiya anafunika chilolezo kuboma.
• zodzitetezera pa umoyo komanso wagawanika (zipatala, sukulu ndi mabungwe ena ofanana analipo padera kwa "woyera" ndi "wakuda"). N'chimodzimodzinso ndi malo onse.
• Panali malamulo phunziro kwa misonkho zina "woyera" bwana, amene ananditenga pa ntchito wakuda lapansi.
• "Black" analetsa ntchito iliyonse malonda.

Kwa nthawi yaitali UN ndi maboma m'mayiko ambiri patsogolo mu dziko anachita ndi kutsutsa zakuthwa zodabwitsazi mu dziko. Ndipotu ndi atsankho? Kwenikweni wovomerezeka pa mlingo wokweretsa ya tsankho - chinachake chimene zimenezi mwachangu kumenyana zokometsera ufulu wa anthu padziko lonse. Mmodzi wa omenyana wotchuka ndi zodabwitsazi anakhala Nelson Mandela, nthawi yaitali mkaidi ndale ndipo kenako (kuchokera 1994) ndi woyamba pulezidenti wakuda wa South Africa. The dismantling a boma anayamba mu 1989-90 pansi kuthamanga kuchuluka kwa Europe makamaka United States, kamodzinso analengeza wake "Kampeni" chifukwa demokalase padziko lonse. Kuopa ziletso weniweni chuma ndi ndale, m'dera osankhika a zachuma amakakamizidwa dismantle atsankho ku South Africa. Mu 1990 misa Amnesty akaidi ndale ndi chiyembekezo chakuti malamulo a achipongwe. Ndipo mu 1994, dziko analandira mtsogoleri wake woyamba wakuda mu mbiri.

Unali nawo

Lero, atsankho ndi South Africa - ndi chabe Echo zakale. Komabe, anthu ambiri ndi ofunda kale kuti kunali bwino dziko ino ya cidima. Access anthu zakwawoko kuti entrepreneurial kanthu, maphunziro ndi ndale - zoona, mbali positive. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo kwambiri chinawonjezeka mlingo wa upandu mu boma. "Black" kwakukulukulu sanakhale otetezeka ndi achimwemwe. Izi mavuto chikhalidwe, kuchulukitsa ndi zaka za chidani exploiters, ndi ana a Boers anatembenuka moyo mu yolimbirana kupulumuka mu zinthu zachiwawa.