Chavuta ndi chiyani? Ndi dongosolo lililonse atomu?

Nkhani - ndi zili moyo wathu. Ndi cholinga chenicheni, amadzadza danga ndipo ndi chigawo chachikulu cha zonse zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo zinthu. Awiri amalanga mwakuwoneka atakwatirana, monga sayansi ndi nzeru agwirizana mu m'modzi yekha - kanthu kuti amachita mbali yaikulu mu moyo wa micro- ndi macrocosm. Vuto kuti tikukhala ndi kumene ife tinachokera chiyani? Kodi n'chifukwa chiyani Esitere akalumikidzidwa ngati wosamvetseka, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ngakhale kwa ife? Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa izi pang'ono.

Monga mawuwa anamvetsa akulu?

Mfundo za nkhaniyi ndi kuti, nanga kotero ukasintha amasintha mtundu uliwonse, anthu anayamba kuganiza ngakhale kuyambira kale. Masiku amenewo panalibe microscopes ndi telesikopu, ndipo ngakhale, anthu anzeru sanathe kudziwa chiwalo chilichonse chopangidwa ndi chidutswa cha nkhuni, amene anawomberedwa pansi mpando, mlingo atomiki. Komabe, connoisseurs yakale yoyendera mukudziwa bwino kuti danga nthawi ndi khalidwe la zinthu zonse zili mmenemu. Ndi iwo amene asankha kutanthauzira kuti wafika masiku athu. nkhani unagawidwa pawiri: zinthu mudzaze danga, ndi zochitika - nthawi. Chifukwa patsogolo zonse otsiriza zinthu zonse ndi zinthu zamoyo akhoza kusintha mawonekedwe ake. Munthu wabadwa, kukalamba ndi kufa, mtengo anayamba kugwa, omwe anachita dzimbiri amatseguka zitsulo. M'zaka za m'ma sayansi 17 masamu Leibniz limanenedwa ngati nkhani, imene ndiyo katundu wa malo ndi nthawi. Kenako ntchito yake unawoneka mu chiphunzitso Einstein wa relativity.

Kuyang'ana chinachake pansi simungathe kutiona

Ngati angatithandize kuti Optics zamoyo zina ndi maso awo akhoza kuwona, nkhani imakhala ndi maatomu. Ichi ndi malongosoledwe losavuta mawu amenewa, zomwe ziribe rebuttals ndipo amafuna palibe umboni wina. Maatomu amatchedwa ndi tinthu zing'onozing'ono onse lozungulira ife, ndi ife tokha. Kapangidwe ka aliyense wa iwo ndi zofanana. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo mu maatomu aliyense mchitidwe dziko lathu, ngati dziko mitambo zinkakhalira Jupiter kapena galu chiwindi, ndiyotengera zokhudza katundu wa chonyamulira chinthu. Atomu tichipeza phata, amene nthawi zonse zabwino mlandu, ndipo ma elekitironi. Chiwerengero cha mapulotoni ma elekitironi chikugwirizana anapatsidwa tinthu amakhala ndale pamaso mlandu magetsi. Ngati mgwirizano akawinduka, ndiye atomu ndi wotembenuka kwa ion kuti ali ndi zabwino kapena zoipa mlandu.

Mu kumasulira mu maatomu?

Kuyambira m'bulu wa maatomu ziwiri kapena zambiri molekyulu ndi aumbike. Kuwonjezera pa pa yosungirako sing'anga mulinso ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha nthumwi lumikiza. Uyamiko kwa Iye, mamolekyulu ali okhoza kupanga nkhani kwambiri limene tinenali. mankhwala amenewa popereka mauthenga ku maatomu osiyana wina ndi mzake chotero kulenga chinthu limodzi. Chinthu chidwi kwambiri ndi tinthu akhoza m'magulumagulu poyamba zigawo zikuluzikulu osiyana. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri muno kuthirira: ali hydrogen ndi mpweya kuchuluka ena. Kotero, kumvetsa zimene amapanga nkhaniyi, tiyenera okha tione zinthu za tebulo zodziwitsa ndi kupeza nawo zinthu zina zimene zatizungulira.

Zimene timaona ndi apoyera?

Kuyendetsa pambali makinawa, tinalandira nzeru zina, ife tikuona nkhani unapangidwa kanthu. Chifukwa matabwa ake, zimene tinganene kuti kudzera Optics, zikhoza kukhala mmodzi wa mayiko anayi loitanirana: gaseous, madzi, olimba ndi madzi a m'magazi. Atatu oyambirira a iwo, tikhoza kulingalira chitsanzo cha madzi chomwechi, pokhala madzi, mwina kuwasandutsa ayezi kapena gasi. Ena mwa zinthu zina mwina unalipo mu umodzi wa limati anayiwa. Kulowerera mu nzeru wakale, sikutheka kudzatunga ndi fanizo zinthu zinayi. anamatetule anali olekanitsidwa pakati pawo, madzi lapansi, mpweya ndi moto. Zikuonekeratu kuti plasma, amene anatulukira posachedwapa kokha, limafanana ndi lawi la.

Kuti limatulutsa chinthu chilichonse?

Amene aphunzitsidwa mu sayansi kusukulu, tiyenera kudziwa kuti nkhani unapangidwa mphamvu chimodzimodzi monga kwa zinthu. Maatomu okha ndi tinthu zawo zing'onozing'ono chikusuntha colliding minda limatulutsa ndi mafurikwense payekha. Iwo n'kukhala mu atomu ndi kwadzidzidzi munda yokoka malinga ndi mikhalidwe ya makamaka maatomu mankhwala. Popeza zimachitika izi ndi cheza ndi paliponse, ndi kuti ali mu thupi la munthu, mu zingalowe, ndipo una wakuda, onse zakuthupi wathu wonse ndi mphamvu. Aliyense chinthu ali ndi munda munthu, amene ali katundu makamaka. Iwo likukhalira kuti mlingo mphamvu ife kugawana zomwe mosalingalira kuzindikira ndi ndondomeko.

The downside

Ife mwachidule ankaona, zimene tichipeza nkhaniyi ndi zimene minda zingabweretse. Tsopano ganizirani mfundo iyi monga nkhani mdima. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti wapangidwa ndi 85% wa chilengedwe chonse. nkhani mdima si zimatulutsa minda aliyense amene alibe yokoka zawo, koma amachokera mphamvu. Chifukwa chakuti n'zosatheka kukonza mafunde mu atomu wochokera nkhani mdima, ife sizingagwire ndi timvetse bwino za uthunthu wake. Mwina, ndi chinsinsi cha polenga zinthu ndipo ife tonse mu gawo chinsinsi cha antiparticles.