Kodi Alpha wamwamuna, ndipo kaya akuti imeneyi imagwira ntchito kwa munthu?

Ethologists - asayansi amene amasunga khalidwe la nyama chikhalidwe - akhala ndinadabwa chifukwa mamembala a ng'ombe kapena nkhosa kumvera mtsogoleri? Kodi kudziwa Alpha mwamuna? Ndipo pa maziko okhwima liniya wolowezana udzakhazikitsidwe pakati nyama? Pankhani mwamuna umodzi ndi harem ndi (monga Mwachitsanzo, nkhuku), ndiye ndi apo, asayansi, ndi pamaso pawo, ndipo mibadwo ambiri alimi ndasungira wolowezana chomwecho, koma yofala kwa akazi. Mwa njira, mawu koyamba anagwiritsa ntchito nkhuku, amene ali wamkazi. Mu 1922, Norway wasayansi Shyeldruppom-Ebbe anakonza ndi "ulamuliro wa akujompha loyamba." chakudya Choyamba akuyamba ndi kudyetsa nkhuku Alpha wamkazi, ndiye - beta, Popanga madzi a gamma ndi zina zotero, ndi Omega. Kuyesa Kumvetsela munthu kutenga tirigu ntchito yomweyo kuletsedwa n'kumamujompha mwendo mutu ndi apamwamba.

Mu anyani, kumene paketi ali ochepa amuna ndi akazi ambiri ndi ana (kuphatikizapo ana a msinkhu) komanso kuona bwinobwino lalikulu Alpha wamwamuna. Zizindikiro za mphamvu zake m'kukoma mbali kunja: mahomoni kugonana hule kukula kwa canines, zowala ndi callosities ischial (ena mitundu). Kwenikweni, malo apamwamba nyama evinces pa mating. Iwo vigilantly amaonetsetsa kuti palibe membala nzake ammudzi - kapena wamng'ono kapena mlendo - sakhudzidwa ndi harem wake. Komabe, mu moyo wa nyani kumunyamula zimatengera nawo osachepera - kopita kwa chakudya zochimwazo kumathetsa wamkazi Mwamunayu.

wolowezana wina anati mu afisi. David Mech, kwa zaka zingapo, kuonera khalidwe lawo, komanso ananena kuti chilango, mgwirizano ndi bungwe la gulu kukuchitika amadalira umunthu wa mtsogoleri. Alpha wamwamuna - nkhandwe ndi paketi pa kukasaka, ndi aponda woyamba m'njira chisanu kwambiri, kwezani m'dera kupuma, amasankha njira ya kusamuka. Popeza nyama - ndi monogamous ndipo makamaka banja, nyama, kukhala wokhulupirika ndi zibwenzi mu gululo kuphatikiza amuna ndi akazi. Choncho, mizere iwiri masanjidwe anapanga mu gulu - chachimuna ndi chachikazi. Mwa njira, nthawi zina udindo wa mtsogoleri paketi ndi nkhandwe masewero.

Nkhandwe, mosiyana Kanyaniko Alpha wamwamuna evinces lotseguka mokwiya ali osowa. Bata a dongosolo wonse pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro wailesi ndi manja (kusonyeza wa canines, kuukira wabodza, umuna wa mkodzo pa malo mdani wa defecated). Komanso, mtsogoleri konse amati mimbulu onse a gululo: beta ndi Popanga madzi a gamma anthu komanso kubereka ana. The kuchotserapo yekha ndi Omega amuna, omwe amatchedwanso amuna kwachilengedwenso. Koma izi si njira imene mtsogoleri wamphamvu, ndipo chifukwa cha "akazi" onse paketiyo saloledwa izi m'deralo.

Kuzipenya khalidwe la anthu chikhalidwe (wochezeka kapena amaphatikizidwa ndi kusakasaka) nyama zinachititsa kuti timakhulupirira kuti mu anthu, ndi njira yomweyo monga paketiyo. Ndipotu, Homo sapiens anatuluka chifuwa cha chilengedwe, ndipo Kwenikweni, mwadongosolo nyama. kufanana awa pakati pa khalidwe la anthu ndi nyama mu madera awo zachititsa kuti mfundo zosiyanasiyana (eugenics, chikhalidwe Darwin neri Al.), Kuchokera pa mfundo yakuti Alpha wamwamuna amatipeza amatenga otsogolera. Makamaka chifukwa m'mbiri ya anthu, timapeza zitsanzo zambiri magulu zina zachitukuko anatsindika udindo wawo waukulu wa amakonzera tsitsi, zovala ndi zizindikiro zina anthu aonjezeleka chilango udindo kuchepetsa zotsatirazi zovala zimenezi. Wokwanira kukumbukira chiletso wofiirira kwa plebs mu Roma kapena dongosolo Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira ku India.

Koma anthu, mosiyana ndi nyama, pali njira zina. Tikuona kunyumba, makamaka ulamuliro wa mabanja kapena magulu ena, kuposa zosonyeza mphamvu za munthu. Ngakhale "Alpha wamwamuna" zolimbitsira awo mmadera, ndi - ndi mosamalitsa zinthu anthu, lamanja la cholowa - kwa ana amene sangakhale ndithu Alefa anthu, ndi Popanga madzi a gamma ndipo ngakhale Omega. Ngati ife kulankhula za utsogoleri monga "mtsogoleri", angathe msinkhu, analeredwa ndi maphunziro. Ngati, monga iwo molakwa kuganiza Alpha zimatulutsa ndewu, ndi khalidwe m'dera anthu msanga amaika munthu woteroyo kunja chilamulo, ndipo anawapatsa udindo wa pariah a. Monga tikuonera, fano la "Alpha" poyerekezera ndi munthu kuziluka ochepa, koma akupitirizabe nakulitsa: otchedwa "machismo" (kuchokera ku mawu macho munthu - mwamuna weniweni).