Nthawi Soviet: zaka za mbiri. Photo nyengo Soviet

Soviet nyengo mwazaka chimakwirira zapakati pa kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Bolsheviks mu 1917 ndi pamaso pa Soviet Union linagwa mu 1991. M'zaka awa boma anakhazikitsa dongosolo zokomera ndipo nthawi yomweyo pofuna anapangidwa kutengera chikominisi. M'bwalo lonse la Soviet Union lotsogoledwa ndi mayiko zokomera bloc nayenso kumanga chikominisi.

Zaka zoyambirira za mphamvu Soviet

Kodi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Bolsheviks ndi wotsatira kwakukulu kuwonongedwa kwa mitundu zachuma, ndale ndiponso chikhalidwe cha anthu zasintha nkhope ya kale Russian Ufumu. Otchedwa ulamuliro wa proletariat inatsogolera ku ulamuliro okwana gulu limodzi, amene zochita sanali anatsutsa.

dziko wakhala nationalized ndi kupanga lalikulu chuma payekha ndikoletsedwa. Komabe, mu nthawi Soviet izo unachitikira m'ma 1920 ku New Policy Economic (NEP), zomwe zathandizira kuti chitsitsimutso ena a malonda ndi kupanga. Photo wa nthawi Soviet cha 1920 - gwero labwino koposa kwa mbiri ya nyengo ya pansi review, zinaonekera kusintha amene anachitika anthu kuyambira kutha kwa Russian Ufumu. Komabe, nthawi imeneyi sizinakhalitse: pakutha pa zaka khumi chipani likalowa zowoneka ake centralization a dera zachuma.

Kumayambiriro linakhalapo, boma amasamalirira kwambiri ndi mfundo. Chipani mapulogalamu ophunzitsa umalimbana mapangidwe munthu watsopano mu nyengo ya Soviet. Nthawi mpaka 1930 Komabe, tinganene kuti chosakhalitsa, ngati anthu akadali akuzisunga ena ufulu Mwachitsanzo, analola mtsutso pa sayansi, luso, mabuku.

Nthawi ya Stalinism

Kuyambira 1930 dziko potsiriza anakhazikitsa opondereza boma. Kulambira umunthu, ndi ulamuliro Mtheradi wa Party Communist, collectivization ndi mafakitale, zokomera mfundo - kuti zikuluzikulu zochitika nyengo. Mu dera ndale anakhazikitsa ulamuliro yekha wa Stalin, amene ulamuliro wake unali unquestioned, ndi zochita sali pansi kukambirana kapena kuposa kukaikira.

Chuma komanso wasintha kwambiri, amene anakhala wodziwika bwino m'nyengo Soviet. Zaka mafakitale ndi collectivization zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe, mu USSR ya ulimi lalikulu mafakitale chitukuko mofulumira amene kwakukulukulu zinachititsa chigonjetso cha Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndipo anabweretsa dziko ku Mulingo wa mphamvu yaikulu padziko. Photo m'nthawi ya Soviet Union a 1930s zimasonyeza patsogolo mu chilengedwe cha makampani katundu m'dziko. Koma pa nthawi ulimi chomwecho, mudzi m'mudzi anali wofooka ndipo ankafunika kusintha kwambiri.

Soviet Union mu zaka 1950-1960

Atamwalira Stalin mu 1953 linaonekera ndi kusintha mmalo osiyanasiyana. Soviet Union zaka khumi unakhala sayansi mbiri wotchedwa "m'firiji pamtunda". Pa XX Party Congress anachotsedwa pa mpandowachifumu mu February 1956, Stalin Munthu mpatuko, ndipo ichi chinali chizindikiro cha kusintha kwambiri.

konzanso kwambiri akuvutika zaka zovuta kupondereza zinachitikadi. mphamvu anapita kufooka anira zachuma. Choncho, mu 1957, izo linathetsedwa Utumiki wa Makampani ndi m'malo analenga Kupititsa dipatimenti ya ulamuliro yopanga. Tinayamba mwakhama ntchito mabungwe a chuma cha dziko ndi State Committee kwa Management Industrial. Komabe, kusintha ndawapatsa zotsatira yochepa kenako kokha kuonjezera chisokonezo ntchitoyi.

Mu ulimi, boma anatenga mndandanda wa miyeso kusintha zake ntchito (ngongole utalembedwa-kuchokera minda gulu, ndalama zawo, chitukuko cha m'mayiko namwali). Pa mbewu nthawi yomweyo MTS liquidation wodzikweza chimanga, kukulitsa wa minda losonkhanitsidwa anali kungasokoneze chitukuko cha m'mudzi. Soviet nthawi 1950 - zoyambirira za m'ma 1960 inali nthawi kukonza moyo wa anthu Soviet, koma pa nthawi yomweyo anaulula angapo mavuto.

USSR mu zaka 1970-1980

Board Li Brezhnev unali wotchuka ndi kusintha latsopano mu zigawo za ulimi ndi mafakitale. Mphamvu wabwerera ku nthambi mfundo makampani kasamalidwe Komabe, zinthu zina kusintha ndondomeko kupanga. Companies anatitumiza ndalama mlandu, aziona ntchito zachuma tsopano ikuchitika osati ndi lalikulu, ndi pa malonda. Izi muyeso anali kuonjezera chidwi tidaipanga mwachindunji kuwonjezera ndi kusintha kupanga.

Monga njira maziko phindu payekha analenga zolimbikitsa zachuma. Komanso, mfundo za malonda momwenso kuyamba. Komabe, kusintha uyu sanali bwanji maziko a chuma Union a Soviet choncho anapereka yekha zotsatira osakhalitsa. Dziko akalipo chifukwa chitukuko yaikulu ndi lagged kumbuyo mawu sayansi ndi luso, maiko otukuka kumadzulo kwa Ulaya ndi United States.

The boma nthawi 1980-1990

Mu zaka za pofuna perestroika kwambiri kusintha chuma cha Soviet Union kucitika. Mu 1985, akuluakulu a boma zinayamba maphunzirowo kuti imathandizira vuto la zachuma. Ankalimbikitsidwa osati sayansi ndi luso kusintha kupanga. Cholinga cha kusintha anali kukwaniritsa chuma dziko kalasi. Patsogolo - chitukuko cha zomangamanga zoweta, kumene ndalama yaikulu unaturuka. Komabe, pofuna kusintha chuma lamulo ndi miyeso utsogoleri analephera.

Iwo anali ikuchitika angapo kusintha ndale, makamaka akuluakulu kwathetsa kuchipembedzo wa chipanichi, anayambitsa dongosolo ziwiri gawo la mphamvu zokonza malamulo m'dziko. Council The Supreme ali mosalekeza lizigwira yamalamulo, anavomereza mtsogoleri wa dziko la Soviet Union, analalikira ufulu demokalase. Ndiye, boma anayambitsa mfundo ya chilungamo, mwachitsanzo. E. The omasukirana ndi kugula zinthu zambiri. Komabe, pofuna kusintha chokhazikitsidwa dongosolo utsogoleri-lamulo inatha mu bwino ndipo zinachititsa kuti mavuto ambiri mwa anthu, limene linali chifukwa cha kugwa kwa Soviet Union.

The Soviet nthawi mu mbiri Russian ndi dziko

Pakati pa zaka 1917-1991 - nyengo lonse, osati kokha kwa Russia koma pa dziko lonse lapansi. Dziko lathu kakusintha kwambiri mkati ndi kunja zodabwitsa, ndipo ngakhale ndi limodzi mwa mphamvu ŵa mu nyengo ya Soviet. Mbiri ya zaka izi mukopedwe dongosolo ndale osati Europe, kumene kunali msasa zokomera pansi pa utsogoleri wa Soviet Union, komanso pa zochitika mu dziko lonse. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Soviet-nyengo chodabwitsa kwambiri chidwi ofufuza zoweta ndi achilendo.