"Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" Makarenko. Chidule cha "Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" Makarenko

"Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" Makarenko, zili womwe ndi kalozera othandiza kuwukitsa nzika zonse za m'dziko ndi omveka ntchito zolembalemba - mmodzi wa "ngale" mabuku Soviet. The zochitika anafotokoza mu buku la, autobiographical, mawonekedwe ndi maina enieni, kuphatikizapo wolemba yekha. Kiyi mu dongosolo pedagogical Makarenko ndi lingaliro la maphunziro a umunthu wa mwanayo kudzera mu timu. Ovomerezeka a lingaliro ili, zoona, odzipereka ku "Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" Makarenko. Mwachidule, komanso yokha buku idzafotokoza 3 ndi machaputala 15 (kuphatikizapo epilogue). Pa nthawi yomweyo ndakatulo anali analengedwa "otentha kufunafuna", mwachindunji mu ndondomeko ya moyo njuchi.

"Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" Makarenko: mwachidule ndi mutu

The zili buku pali mfundo zingapo izi: m'munsi wa njuchi, maonekedwe a atsamunda woyamba ndi mavuto oyamba, "monyang'ama" mfundo khalidwe la ophunzira, gulu nyumba, mogwirizana chikhalidwe.

Yambani kanthu

Zimene ndakatuloyi chikuchitika mu 20 ntchentche mu USSR. Nkhani ndi ku nkhope ya wolemba (Anton Makarenko). "Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" limayamba ndi chakuti protagonist wa njuchi munazikhazikitsa. Gorky pa Poltava ana msewu, amene anali wamng'ono olakwa. Kuwonjezera pa Makarenko, ndodo pedagogical wa njuchi munali aphunzitsi awiri (Ekateriny Grigorevny ndi Lydia Petrovna) ndi Mtsogoleri wina (Kalina Ivanovich). Ndi thandizo zikukhalira komanso zovuta - ambiri katundu boma mosamala agwidwa oyandikana yapafupi wa njuchi.

Ankalamulira loyamba

Akaidi woyamba wa njuchi anali ana asanu (anayi anali kale zaka 18): Burun Bendyuk, Volohov, nyumba, changu, ndi Taranets. Ngakhale ofunda kuvomereza (mmene analola zinthu njuchi), tsogolo atsamunda maonekedwe awo yomweyo momveka bwino kuti miyoyo yawo alibe wokongola. Za mwambo sizinali: ankalamulira chabe ananyalanyaza aphunzitsi awo kutauni madzulo ndi kubwerera okha m'mawa. Patapita sabata kupha ndi kuba anamangidwa Bendyuk. Kuchita ntchito zina atsamunda, nayenso anakana.

Zimenezi zinachitika kwa miyezi ingapo. Koma zinthu zasintha kwambiri. Pamene njira ya altercation lotsatira Makarenko anapsa mtima wake ndi kumumenya mmodzi wa atsamunda kutsogolo kwa ena, ana mwadzidzidzi anasintha maganizo awo ku njuchi ndi malamulo ake. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iwo anapita nkhuni, mwa ubwino ndi ntchito zake mpaka kumapeto. "Ife si zoipa, Anton Semenovich! - Iye anati kumapeto Makarenko "wovulalayo" colonist. - Iwo adzakhala onse. Timazindikira. " Icho chinali chiyambi cha atsamunda losonkhanitsidwa.

Malamulo kumudzi

Pang'onopang'ono, bwana amalowerera kukonza chilango njuchi. "Malina" sinyamukanso. Kuyambira tsopano, aliyense ayenera kuyeretsa mabedi awo mu chipinda cha amaikidwa ntchito. Kuchoka popanda chilolezo cha njuchi ndikoletsedwa. Ophwanya saloledwa kumbuyo. Komanso, ophunzira onse ayenera kupita kusukulu.

Payokha anapereka vuto kuba ntchito "Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" Makarenko. Mwachidule, anapereka pansipa, zimatsindika basi. Gulu la ophunzira imeneyo kunali pafupi sate anthu. Chakudya si nthawi zokwanira. Ankalamulira kuba chakudya kuchokera nyumba yosungiramo katundu; kamodzi pa mutu wa ndalama chosowacho. Chimake amakhala kuba ndalama kwa akazi wakale, wantchito, amene anali kutumikira ku njuchi. Makarenko Cholinga Kuthi, wakubayo sanapezeke. Anton Semenovich agwiritsa ntchito njira "Court anthu". Burun (colonist, adatsutsika kuba) patsogolo gulu la. Ana amathawa zosayenela wake, wokonzeka okha kupereka chilango pa iye. Chifukwa, Burun anatumiza zitamangidwa. Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, mwana watha kuba.

gulu mapangidwe

Pang'onopang'ono anapanga gulu lenileni kumudzi. Ana oongoka osati tokha koma ena. A mphindi kwambiri ntchito "Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" Makarenko (mwachidule chitsimikizo) ndi kulenga kulondera. Ankalamulira bungwe mongodzipereka detachments amateteza malo ochokera looters, opha nyama ndi ena. Ngakhale kuti anthu a m'dziko ozungulira ndi mantha amanena kuti malamulo ofanana, nthawi zambiri kuŵapatulanya kwa mbava m'deralo, kuti atsamunda a timu, izo linali lofunika kwambiri mu chitukuko. zigawenga wakale anatha kumva mamembala zonse za anthu, akupindula boma.

Poyankha, koposa ndi kukula ubwenzi wa Atsamunda mu timu. Mwakhama ntchito mfundo ya "mmodzi onse ndi onse limodzi."

housewarming

Pali malo ndi mabuku a mbiri yakale m'buku lakuti "Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" Makarenko. Short zili ntchito sakanatha musaphonye mfundo imeneyi: m'chaka cha 1923, njuchi anasamukira malo kunyoza adzasiyidwa. Apa atsamunda kutsindikiza zija awo ulimi. Nthawi zambiri, chiŵerengero cha ophunzira amene ankawalamulira anali n'zosiyana ndi zimene anali pachiyambi. Anzanga onse zapamwamba kwawo ake, kupanga zopereka zake pa moyo wa unit ndi ubwenzi losonkhanitsidwa. Mu dipatimenti ya njuchi limapezeka wosula, kalipentala, ndipo ena. Ana pang'onopang'ono anayamba amaphunzira ukatswiri ntchito.

Mu njuchi a ana pali chilakolako watsopano - zisudzo. Amavala masewero, kuitana iwo m'deralo. Pang'onopang'ono, zisudzo amakhala kutchuka weniweni. Komanso, ophunzira anayamba zizigwirizana ndi wotchuka Soviet wolemba limakhulupirira Gorky.

Mu 1926 anyamata kusamukira Kuryazh kulinganiza moyo mu ndende wamba, amene ali osasamalika. Osati m'deralo kutenga Gorkyites. Zimandivuta kuti abwere nawo ku msonkhano. Nthawi yoyamba, palibe Kuryazhsky atsamunda sanafune ntchito - ntchito zonse zofunika kuchita kapolo Makarenko. Kaŵirikaŵiri pali ndewu kwa Kuthi ngakhale akubwera Commission ya kudziwitsa. Mu yomweyi, kumatheka ulamuliro pa mbali ya boma la zochitika Makarenko. maganizo ake pedagogical ndi njira sali mbali kokha komanso otsutsa, pankhani imeneyi, kuwonjezera kukakamiza mphunzitsi. Komabe, magulu ambiri Makarenko ndi Gorkyites pang'onopang'ono kusamalira kukhazikitsa moyo Kuryazhsky atsamunda ndi bungwe weniweni zonse kunachitika ndodo. Apogee mu umoyo wa njuchi amakhala ulendo limakhulupirira Gorky.

Pomaliza

Chifukwa, kuthamanga Makarenko anathamangitsidwira kuchoka njuchi. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, Anton Semenovich kuyang'anira ntchito kulankhula ana OGPU dzina la Fe Dzerzhinsky. Ngakhale otsutsa angapo, Makarenko mphatso za maphunziro a gulu la ana chikuzika mwa pedagogy ano. Makarenko dongosolo anali otsatira ake, kuphatikizapo mwa akaidi wakale wa njuchi. "Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" Makarenko - chitsanzo cha yaikulu, lolemera, koma ndi amazipanga kwambiri, ntchito yaikulu ya aphunzitsi, kumalire feat.

The chifukwa cha ntchito, monga momwe tikuonera chochokera ku "Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" Makarenko (a chidule cha ichi imasonyeza), anali kachiwiri atsamunda oposa 3,000 amene akhale nzika zonse kunachitika wa anthu Union. The limatchula wa ntchito yophunzitsa umaonekera angapo ntchito zolembalemba Makarenko. "Pedagogical ZOKONDWERETSA Ndakatulo" mwachidule akulongosola mfundo za ntchito yake ya maphunziro kuchita.